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Edit File : Maketext.pm \| Size : 29.73 KB
package Locale::Maketext; use strict; use vars qw( @ISA $VERSION $MATCH_SUPERS $USING_LANGUAGE_TAGS $USE_LITERALS $MATCH_SUPERS_TIGHTLY); use Carp (); use I18N::LangTags (); use I18N::LangTags::Detect (); #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- BEGIN { unless(defined &DEBUG) { DEBUG = sub () {0} } } # define the constant 'DEBUG' at compile-time # turn on utf8 if we have it (this is what GutsLoader.pm used to do essentially ) # use if (exists $INC{'utf8.pm'} \|\| eval 'use utf8'), 'utf8'; BEGIN { # if we have it \|\| we can load it if ( exists $INC{'utf8.pm'} \|\| eval { local $SIG{'__DIE__'};require utf8; } ) { utf8->import(); DEBUG and warn " utf8 on for _compile()\n"; } else { DEBUG and warn " utf8 not available for _compile() ($INC{'utf8.pm'})\n$@\n"; } } $VERSION = '1.28'; @ISA = (); $MATCH_SUPERS = 1; $MATCH_SUPERS_TIGHTLY = 1; $USING_LANGUAGE_TAGS = 1; # Turning this off is somewhat of a security risk in that little or no # checking will be done on the legality of tokens passed to the # eval("use $module_name") in _try_use. If you turn this off, you have # to do your own taint checking. $USE_LITERALS = 1 unless defined $USE_LITERALS; # a hint for compiling bracket-notation things. my %isa_scan = (); ########################################################################### sub quant { my($handle, $num, @forms) = @_; return $num if @forms == 0; # what should this mean? return $forms[2] if @forms > 2 and $num == 0; # special zeroth case # Normal case: # Note that the formatting of $num is preserved. return( $handle->numf($num) . ' ' . $handle->numerate($num, @forms) ); # Most human languages put the number phrase before the qualified phrase. } sub numerate { # return this lexical item in a form appropriate to this number my($handle, $num, @forms) = @_; my $s = ($num == 1); return '' unless @forms; if(@forms == 1) { # only the headword form specified return $s ? $forms[0] : ($forms[0] . 's'); # very cheap hack. } else { # sing and plural were specified return $s ? $forms[0] : $forms[1]; } } #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- sub numf { my($handle, $num) = @_[0,1]; if($num < 10_000_000_000 and $num > -10_000_000_000 and $num == int($num)) { $num += 0; # Just use normal integer stringification. # Specifically, don't let %G turn ten million into 1E+007 } else { $num = CORE::sprintf('%G', $num); # "CORE::" is there to avoid confusion with the above sub sprintf. } while( $num =~ s/^([-+]?\d+)(\d{3})/$1,$2/s ) {1} # right from perlfaq5 # The initial \d+ gobbles as many digits as it can, and then we # backtrack so it un-eats the rightmost three, and then we # insert the comma there. $num =~ tr<.,><,.> if ref($handle) and $handle->{'numf_comma'}; # This is just a lame hack instead of using Number::Format return $num; } sub sprintf { no integer; my($handle, $format, @params) = @_; return CORE::sprintf($format, @params); # "CORE::" is there to avoid confusion with myself! } #=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=# use integer; # vroom vroom... applies to the whole rest of the module sub language_tag { my $it = ref($_[0]) \|\| $_[0]; return undef unless $it =~ m/([^':]+)(?:::)?$/s; $it = lc($1); $it =~ tr<_><->; return $it; } sub encoding { my $it = $_[0]; return( (ref($it) && $it->{'encoding'}) \|\| 'iso-8859-1' # Latin-1 ); } #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- sub fallback_languages { return('i-default', 'en', 'en-US') } sub fallback_language_classes { return () } #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- sub fail_with { # an actual attribute method! my($handle, @params) = @_; return unless ref($handle); $handle->{'fail'} = $params[0] if @params; return $handle->{'fail'}; } #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- sub blacklist { my ( $handle, @methods ) = @_; unless ( defined $handle->{'blacklist'} ) { no strict 'refs'; # Don't let people call methods they're not supposed to from maketext. # Explicitly exclude all methods in this package that start with an # underscore on principle. $handle->{'blacklist'} = { map { $_ => 1 } ( qw/ blacklist encoding fail_with failure_handler_auto fallback_language_classes fallback_languages get_handle init language_tag maketext new whitelist /, grep { /^_/ } keys %{ __PACKAGE__ . "::" } ), }; } if ( scalar @methods ) { $handle->{'blacklist'} = { %{ $handle->{'blacklist'} }, map { $_ => 1 } @methods }; } delete $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'}; return; } sub whitelist { my ( $handle, @methods ) = @_; if ( scalar @methods ) { $handle->{'whitelist'} = {} unless defined $handle->{'whitelist'}; $handle->{'whitelist'} = { %{ $handle->{'whitelist'} }, map { $_ => 1 } @methods }; } delete $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'}; return; } #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- sub failure_handler_auto { # Meant to be used like: # $handle->fail_with('failure_handler_auto') my $handle = shift; my $phrase = shift; $handle->{'failure_lex'} \|\|= {}; my $lex = $handle->{'failure_lex'}; my $value \|\|= ($lex->{$phrase} \|\|= $handle->_compile($phrase)); # Dumbly copied from sub maketext: return ${$value} if ref($value) eq 'SCALAR'; return $value if ref($value) ne 'CODE'; { local $SIG{'__DIE__'}; eval { $value = &$value($handle, @_) }; } # If we make it here, there was an exception thrown in the # call to $value, and so scream: if($@) { # pretty up the error message $@ =~ s{\s+at\s+\(eval\s+\d+\)\s+line\s+(\d+)\.?\n?} {\n in bracket code [compiled line $1],}s; #$err =~ s/\n?$/\n/s; Carp::croak "Error in maketexting \"$phrase\":\n$@ as used"; # Rather unexpected, but suppose that the sub tried calling # a method that didn't exist. } else { return $value; } } #========================================================================== sub new { # Nothing fancy! my $class = ref($_[0]) \|\| $_[0]; my $handle = bless {}, $class; $handle->blacklist; $handle->init; return $handle; } sub init { return } # no-op ########################################################################### sub maketext { # Remember, this can fail. Failure is controllable many ways. Carp::croak 'maketext requires at least one parameter' unless @_ > 1; my($handle, $phrase) = splice(@_,0,2); Carp::confess('No handle/phrase') unless (defined($handle) && defined($phrase)); # backup $@ in case it's still being used in the calling code. # If no failures, we'll re-set it back to what it was later. my $at = $@; # Copy @_ case one of its elements is $@. @_ = @_; # Look up the value: my $value; if (exists $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'}{$phrase}) { DEBUG and warn " Using external lex cache version of \"$phrase\"\n"; $value = $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'}{$phrase}; } else { foreach my $h_r ( @{ $isa_scan{ref($handle) \|\| $handle} \|\| $handle->_lex_refs } ) { DEBUG and warn "* Looking up \"$phrase\" in $h_r\n"; if(exists $h_r->{$phrase}) { DEBUG and warn " Found \"$phrase\" in $h_r\n"; unless(ref($value = $h_r->{$phrase})) { # Nonref means it's not yet compiled. Compile and replace. if ($handle->{'use_external_lex_cache'}) { $value = $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'}{$phrase} = $handle->_compile($value); } else { $value = $h_r->{$phrase} = $handle->_compile($value); } } last; } # extending packages need to be able to localize _AUTO and if readonly can't "local $h_r->{'_AUTO'} = 1;" # but they can "local $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'}{'_AUTO'} = 1;" elsif($phrase !~ m/^_/s and ($handle->{'use_external_lex_cache'} ? ( exists $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'}{'_AUTO'} ? $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'}{'_AUTO'} : $h_r->{'_AUTO'} ) : $h_r->{'_AUTO'})) { # it's an auto lex, and this is an autoable key! DEBUG and warn " Automaking \"$phrase\" into $h_r\n"; if ($handle->{'use_external_lex_cache'}) { $value = $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'}{$phrase} = $handle->_compile($phrase); } else { $value = $h_r->{$phrase} = $handle->_compile($phrase); } last; } DEBUG>1 and print " Not found in $h_r, nor automakable\n"; # else keep looking } } unless(defined($value)) { DEBUG and warn "! Lookup of \"$phrase\" in/under ", ref($handle) \|\| $handle, " fails.\n"; if(ref($handle) and $handle->{'fail'}) { DEBUG and warn "WARNING0: maketext fails looking for <$phrase>\n"; my $fail; if(ref($fail = $handle->{'fail'}) eq 'CODE') { # it's a sub reference $@ = $at; # Put $@ back in case we altered it along the way. return &{$fail}($handle, $phrase, @_); # If it ever returns, it should return a good value. } else { # It's a method name $@ = $at; # Put $@ back in case we altered it along the way. return $handle->$fail($phrase, @_); # If it ever returns, it should return a good value. } } else { # All we know how to do is this; Carp::croak("maketext doesn't know how to say:\n$phrase\nas needed"); } } if(ref($value) eq 'SCALAR'){ $@ = $at; # Put $@ back in case we altered it along the way. return $$value ; } if(ref($value) ne 'CODE'){ $@ = $at; # Put $@ back in case we altered it along the way. return $value ; } { local $SIG{'__DIE__'}; eval { $value = &$value($handle, @_) }; } # If we make it here, there was an exception thrown in the # call to $value, and so scream: if ($@) { # pretty up the error message $@ =~ s{\s+at\s+\(eval\s+\d+\)\s+line\s+(\d+)\.?\n?} {\n in bracket code [compiled line $1],}s; #$err =~ s/\n?$/\n/s; Carp::croak "Error in maketexting \"$phrase\":\n$@ as used"; # Rather unexpected, but suppose that the sub tried calling # a method that didn't exist. } else { $@ = $at; # Put $@ back in case we altered it along the way. return $value; } $@ = $at; # Put $@ back in case we altered it along the way. } ########################################################################### sub get_handle { # This is a constructor and, yes, it CAN FAIL. # Its class argument has to be the base class for the current # application's l10n files. my($base_class, @languages) = @_; $base_class = ref($base_class) \|\| $base_class; # Complain if they use __PACKAGE__ as a project base class? if( @languages ) { DEBUG and warn 'Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n"; if($USING_LANGUAGE_TAGS) { # An explicit language-list was given! @languages = map {; $_, I18N::LangTags::alternate_language_tags($_) } # Catch alternation map I18N::LangTags::locale2language_tag($_), # If it's a lg tag, fine, pass thru (untainted) # If it's a locale ID, try converting to a lg tag (untainted), # otherwise nix it. @languages; DEBUG and warn 'Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n"; } } else { @languages = $base_class->_ambient_langprefs; } @languages = $base_class->_langtag_munging(@languages); my %seen; foreach my $module_name ( map { $base_class . '::' . $_ } @languages ) { next unless length $module_name; # sanity next if $seen{$module_name}++ # Already been here, and it was no-go \|\| !&_try_use($module_name); # Try to use() it, but can't it. return($module_name->new); # Make it! } return undef; # Fail! } ########################################################################### sub _langtag_munging { my($base_class, @languages) = @_; # We have all these DEBUG statements because otherwise it's hard as hell # to diagnose if/when something goes wrong. DEBUG and warn 'Lgs1: ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n"; if($USING_LANGUAGE_TAGS) { DEBUG and warn 'Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n"; @languages = $base_class->_add_supers( @languages ); push @languages, I18N::LangTags::panic_languages(@languages); DEBUG and warn "After adding panic languages:\n", ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n"; push @languages, $base_class->fallback_languages; # You are free to override fallback_languages to return empty-list! DEBUG and warn 'Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n"; @languages = # final bit of processing to turn them into classname things map { my $it = $_; # copy $it =~ tr<-A-Z><_a-z>; # lc, and turn - to _ $it =~ tr<_a-z0-9><>cd; # remove all but a-z0-9_ $it; } @languages ; DEBUG and warn "Nearing end of munging:\n", ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n"; } else { DEBUG and warn "Bypassing language-tags.\n", ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n"; } DEBUG and warn "Before adding fallback classes:\n", ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n"; push @languages, $base_class->fallback_language_classes; # You are free to override that to return whatever. DEBUG and warn "Finally:\n", ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n"; return @languages; } ########################################################################### sub _ambient_langprefs { return I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect(); } ########################################################################### sub _add_supers { my($base_class, @languages) = @_; if (!$MATCH_SUPERS) { # Nothing DEBUG and warn "Bypassing any super-matching.\n", ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n"; } elsif( $MATCH_SUPERS_TIGHTLY ) { DEBUG and warn "Before adding new supers tightly:\n", ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n"; @languages = I18N::LangTags::implicate_supers( @languages ); DEBUG and warn "After adding new supers tightly:\n", ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n"; } else { DEBUG and warn "Before adding supers to end:\n", ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n"; @languages = I18N::LangTags::implicate_supers_strictly( @languages ); DEBUG and warn "After adding supers to end:\n", ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n"; } return @languages; } ########################################################################### # # This is where most people should stop reading. # ########################################################################### my %tried = (); # memoization of whether we've used this module, or found it unusable. sub _try_use { # Basically a wrapper around "require Modulename" # "Many men have tried..." "They tried and failed?" "They tried and died." return $tried{$_[0]} if exists $tried{$_[0]}; # memoization my $module = $_[0]; # ASSUME sane module name! { no strict 'refs'; no warnings 'once'; return($tried{$module} = 1) if %{$module . '::Lexicon'} or @{$module . '::ISA'}; # weird case: we never use'd it, but there it is! } DEBUG and warn " About to use $module ...\n"; local $SIG{'__DIE__'}; local $@; local @INC = @INC; pop @INC if $INC[-1] eq '.'; eval "require $module"; # used to be "use $module", but no point in that. if($@) { DEBUG and warn "Error using $module \: $@\n"; return $tried{$module} = 0; } else { DEBUG and warn " OK, $module is used\n"; return $tried{$module} = 1; } } #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- sub _lex_refs { # report the lexicon references for this handle's class # returns an arrayREF! no strict 'refs'; no warnings 'once'; my $class = ref($_[0]) \|\| $_[0]; DEBUG and warn "Lex refs lookup on $class\n"; return $isa_scan{$class} if exists $isa_scan{$class}; # memoization! my @lex_refs; my $seen_r = ref($_[1]) ? $_[1] : {}; if( defined( {$class . '::Lexicon'}{'HASH'} )) { push @lex_refs, {$class . '::Lexicon'}{'HASH'}; DEBUG and warn '%' . $class . '::Lexicon contains ', scalar(keys %{$class . '::Lexicon'}), " entries\n"; } # Implements depth(height?)-first recursive searching of superclasses. # In hindsight, I suppose I could have just used Class::ISA! foreach my $superclass (@{$class . '::ISA'}) { DEBUG and warn " Super-class search into $superclass\n"; next if $seen_r->{$superclass}++; push @lex_refs, @{&_lex_refs($superclass, $seen_r)}; # call myself } $isa_scan{$class} = \@lex_refs; # save for next time return \@lex_refs; } sub clear_isa_scan { %isa_scan = (); return; } # end on a note of simplicity! #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- sub _compile { # This big scary routine compiles an entry. # It returns either a coderef if there's brackety bits in this, or # otherwise a ref to a scalar. my $string_to_compile = $_[1]; # There are taint issues using regex on @_ - perlbug 60378,27344 # The while() regex is more expensive than this check on strings that don't need a compile. # this op causes a ~2% speed hit for strings that need compile and a 250% speed improvement # on strings that don't need compiling. return \"$string_to_compile" if($string_to_compile !~ m/[\[~\]]/ms); # return a string ref if chars [~] are not in the string my $handle = $_[0]; my(@code); my(@c) = (''); # "chunks" -- scratch. my $call_count = 0; my $big_pile = ''; { my $in_group = 0; # start out outside a group my($m, @params); # scratch while($string_to_compile =~ # Iterate over chunks. m/( [^\~\[\]]+ # non-~[] stuff (Capture everything else here) \| ~. # ~[, ~], ~~, ~other \| \[ # [ presumably opening a group \| \] # ] presumably closing a group \| ~ # terminal ~ ? \| $ )/xgs ) { DEBUG>2 and warn qq{ "$1"\n}; if($1 eq '[' or $1 eq '') { # "[" or end # Whether this is "[" or end, force processing of any # preceding literal. if($in_group) { if($1 eq '') { $handle->_die_pointing($string_to_compile, 'Unterminated bracket group'); } else { $handle->_die_pointing($string_to_compile, 'You can\'t nest bracket groups'); } } else { if ($1 eq '') { DEBUG>2 and warn " [end-string]\n"; } else { $in_group = 1; } die "How come \@c is empty?? in <$string_to_compile>" unless @c; # sanity if(length $c[-1]) { # Now actually processing the preceding literal $big_pile .= $c[-1]; if($USE_LITERALS and ( (ord('A') == 65) ? $c[-1] !~ m/[^\x20-\x7E]/s # ASCII very safe chars : $c[-1] !~ m/[^ !"\#\$%&'()+,\-.\/0-9:;<=>?\@A-Z[\\\]^_`a-z{\|}~\x07]/s # EBCDIC very safe chars )) { # normal case -- all very safe chars $c[-1] =~ s/'/\\'/g; push @code, q{ '} . $c[-1] . "',\n"; $c[-1] = ''; # reuse this slot } else { $c[-1] =~ s/\\\\/\\/g; push @code, ' $c[' . $#c . "],\n"; push @c, ''; # new chunk } } # else just ignore the empty string. } } elsif($1 eq ']') { # "]" # close group -- go back in-band if($in_group) { $in_group = 0; DEBUG>2 and warn " --Closing group [$c[-1]]\n"; # And now process the group... if(!length($c[-1]) or $c[-1] =~ m/^\s+$/s) { DEBUG>2 and warn " -- (Ignoring)\n"; $c[-1] = ''; # reset out chink next; } #$c[-1] =~ s/^\s+//s; #$c[-1] =~ s/\s+$//s; ($m,@params) = split(/,/, $c[-1], -1); # was /\s,\s/ # A bit of a hack -- we've turned "~,"'s into DELs, so turn # 'em into real commas here. if (ord('A') == 65) { # ASCII, etc foreach($m, @params) { tr/\x7F/,/ } } else { # EBCDIC (1047, 0037, POSIX-BC) # Thanks to Peter Prymmer for the EBCDIC handling foreach($m, @params) { tr/\x07/,/ } } # Special-case handling of some method names: if($m eq '_' or $m =~ m/^_(-?\d+)$/s) { # Treat [_1,...] as [,_1,...], etc. unshift @params, $m; $m = ''; } elsif($m eq '') { $m = 'quant'; # "" for "times": "4 cars" is 4 times "cars" } elsif($m eq '#') { $m = 'numf'; # "#" for "number": [#,_1] for "the number _1" } # Most common case: a simple, legal-looking method name if($m eq '') { # 0-length method name means to just interpolate: push @code, ' ('; } elsif($m =~ /^\w+$/s && !$handle->{'blacklist'}{$m} && ( !defined $handle->{'whitelist'} \|\| $handle->{'whitelist'}{$m} ) # exclude anything fancy and restrict to the whitelist/blacklist. ) { push @code, ' $_[0]->' . $m . '('; } else { # TODO: implement something? or just too icky to consider? $handle->_die_pointing( $string_to_compile, "Can't use \"$m\" as a method name in bracket group", 2 + length($c[-1]) ); } pop @c; # we don't need that chunk anymore ++$call_count; foreach my $p (@params) { if($p eq '_') { # Meaning: all parameters except $_[0] $code[-1] .= ' @_[1 .. $#_], '; # and yes, that does the right thing for all @_ < 3 } elsif($p =~ m/^_(-?\d+)$/s) { # _3 meaning $_[3] $code[-1] .= '$_[' . (0 + $1) . '], '; } elsif($USE_LITERALS and ( (ord('A') == 65) ? $p !~ m/[^\x20-\x7E]/s # ASCII very safe chars : $p !~ m/[^ !"\#\$%&'()+,\-.\/0-9:;<=>?\@A-Z[\\\]^_`a-z{\|}~\x07]/s # EBCDIC very safe chars )) { # Normal case: a literal containing only safe characters $p =~ s/'/\\'/g; $code[-1] .= q{'} . $p . q{', }; } else { # Stow it on the chunk-stack, and just refer to that. push @c, $p; push @code, ' $c[' . $#c . '], '; } } $code[-1] .= "),\n"; push @c, ''; } else { $handle->_die_pointing($string_to_compile, q{Unbalanced ']'}); } } elsif(substr($1,0,1) ne '~') { # it's stuff not containing "~" or "[" or "]" # i.e., a literal blob my $text = $1; $text =~ s/\\/\\\\/g; $c[-1] .= $text; } elsif($1 eq '~~') { # "~~" $c[-1] .= '~'; } elsif($1 eq '~[') { # "~[" $c[-1] .= '['; } elsif($1 eq '~]') { # "~]" $c[-1] .= ']'; } elsif($1 eq '~,') { # "~," if($in_group) { # This is a hack, based on the assumption that no-one will actually # want a DEL inside a bracket group. Let's hope that's it's true. if (ord('A') == 65) { # ASCII etc $c[-1] .= "\x7F"; } else { # EBCDIC (cp 1047, 0037, POSIX-BC) $c[-1] .= "\x07"; } } else { $c[-1] .= '~,'; } } elsif($1 eq '~') { # possible only at string-end, it seems. $c[-1] .= '~'; } else { # It's a "~X" where X is not a special character. # Consider it a literal ~ and X. my $text = $1; $text =~ s/\\/\\\\/g; $c[-1] .= $text; } } } if($call_count) { undef $big_pile; # Well, nevermind that. } else { # It's all literals! Ahwell, that can happen. # So don't bother with the eval. Return a SCALAR reference. return \$big_pile; } die q{Last chunk isn't null??} if @c and length $c[-1]; # sanity DEBUG and warn scalar(@c), " chunks under closure\n"; if(@code == 0) { # not possible? DEBUG and warn "Empty code\n"; return \''; } elsif(@code > 1) { # most cases, presumably! unshift @code, "join '',\n"; } unshift @code, "use strict; sub {\n"; push @code, "}\n"; DEBUG and warn @code; my $sub = eval(join '', @code); die "$@ while evalling" . join('', @code) if $@; # Should be impossible. return $sub; } #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- sub _die_pointing { # This is used by _compile to throw a fatal error my $target = shift; $target = ref($target) \|\| $target; # class name # ...leaving $_[0] the error-causing text, and $_[1] the error message my $i = index($_[0], "\n"); my $pointy; my $pos = pos($_[0]) - (defined($_[2]) ? $_[2] : 0) - 1; if($pos < 1) { $pointy = "^=== near there\n"; } else { # we need to space over my $first_tab = index($_[0], "\t"); if($pos > 2 and ( -1 == $first_tab or $first_tab > pos($_[0]))) { # No tabs, or the first tab is harmlessly after where we will point to, # AND we're far enough from the margin that we can draw a proper arrow. $pointy = ('=' x $pos) . "^ near there\n"; } else { # tabs screw everything up! $pointy = substr($_[0],0,$pos); $pointy =~ tr/\t //cd; # make everything into whitespace, but preserving tabs $pointy .= "^=== near there\n"; } } my $errmsg = "$_[1], in\:\n$_[0]"; if($i == -1) { # No newline. $errmsg .= "\n" . $pointy; } elsif($i == (length($_[0]) - 1) ) { # Already has a newline at end. $errmsg .= $pointy; } else { # don't bother with the pointy bit, I guess. } Carp::croak( "$errmsg via $target, as used" ); } 1; Back

Edit File : Maketext.pm | Size : 29.73 KB

package Locale::Maketext;
use strict;
use vars qw( @ISA $VERSION $MATCH_SUPERS $USING_LANGUAGE_TAGS
$USE_LITERALS $MATCH_SUPERS_TIGHTLY);
use Carp ();
use I18N::LangTags ();
use I18N::LangTags::Detect ();

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------

BEGIN { unless(defined &DEBUG) { *DEBUG = sub () {0} } }
# define the constant 'DEBUG' at compile-time

# turn on utf8 if we have it (this is what GutsLoader.pm used to do essentially )
#    use if (exists $INC{'utf8.pm'} || eval 'use utf8'), 'utf8';
BEGIN {

# if we have it || we can load it
    if ( exists $INC{'utf8.pm'} || eval { local $SIG{'__DIE__'};require utf8; } ) {
        utf8->import();
        DEBUG and warn " utf8 on for _compile()\n";
    }
    else {
        DEBUG and warn " utf8 not available for _compile() ($INC{'utf8.pm'})\n$@\n";
    }
}

$VERSION = '1.28';
@ISA = ();

$MATCH_SUPERS = 1;
$MATCH_SUPERS_TIGHTLY = 1;
$USING_LANGUAGE_TAGS  = 1;
# Turning this off is somewhat of a security risk in that little or no
# checking will be done on the legality of tokens passed to the
# eval("use $module_name") in _try_use.  If you turn this off, you have
# to do your own taint checking.

$USE_LITERALS = 1 unless defined $USE_LITERALS;
# a hint for compiling bracket-notation things.

my %isa_scan = ();

###########################################################################

sub quant {
    my($handle, $num, @forms) = @_;

return $num if @forms == 0; # what should this mean?
    return $forms[2] if @forms > 2 and $num == 0; # special zeroth case

# Normal case:
    # Note that the formatting of $num is preserved.
    return( $handle->numf($num) . ' ' . $handle->numerate($num, @forms) );
    # Most human languages put the number phrase before the qualified phrase.
}

sub numerate {
    # return this lexical item in a form appropriate to this number
    my($handle, $num, @forms) = @_;
    my $s = ($num == 1);

return '' unless @forms;
    if(@forms == 1) { # only the headword form specified
        return $s ? $forms[0] : ($forms[0] . 's'); # very cheap hack.
    }
    else { # sing and plural were specified
        return $s ? $forms[0] : $forms[1];
    }
}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub numf {
    my($handle, $num) = @_[0,1];
    if($num < 10_000_000_000 and $num > -10_000_000_000 and $num == int($num)) {
        $num += 0;  # Just use normal integer stringification.
        # Specifically, don't let %G turn ten million into 1E+007
    }
    else {
        $num = CORE::sprintf('%G', $num);
        # "CORE::" is there to avoid confusion with the above sub sprintf.
    }
    while( $num =~ s/^([-+]?\d+)(\d{3})/$1,$2/s ) {1}  # right from perlfaq5
    # The initial \d+ gobbles as many digits as it can, and then we
    #  backtrack so it un-eats the rightmost three, and then we
    #  insert the comma there.

$num =~ tr<.,><,.> if ref($handle) and $handle->{'numf_comma'};
    # This is just a lame hack instead of using Number::Format
    return $num;
}

sub sprintf {
    no integer;
    my($handle, $format, @params) = @_;
    return CORE::sprintf($format, @params);
    # "CORE::" is there to avoid confusion with myself!
}

#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#=#

use integer; # vroom vroom... applies to the whole rest of the module

sub language_tag {
    my $it = ref($_[0]) || $_[0];
    return undef unless $it =~ m/([^':]+)(?:::)?$/s;
    $it = lc($1);
    $it =~ tr<_><->;
    return $it;
}

sub encoding {
    my $it = $_[0];
    return(
        (ref($it) && $it->{'encoding'})
        || 'iso-8859-1'   # Latin-1
    );
}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub fallback_languages { return('i-default', 'en', 'en-US') }

sub fallback_language_classes { return () }

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub fail_with { # an actual attribute method!
    my($handle, @params) = @_;
    return unless ref($handle);
    $handle->{'fail'} = $params[0] if @params;
    return $handle->{'fail'};
}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub blacklist {
    my ( $handle, @methods ) = @_;

unless ( defined $handle->{'blacklist'} ) {
        no strict 'refs';

# Don't let people call methods they're not supposed to from maketext.
        # Explicitly exclude all methods in this package that start with an
        # underscore on principle.
        $handle->{'blacklist'} = {
            map { $_ => 1 } (
                qw/
                  blacklist
                  encoding
                  fail_with
                  failure_handler_auto
                  fallback_language_classes
                  fallback_languages
                  get_handle
                  init
                  language_tag
                  maketext
                  new
                  whitelist
                  /, grep { /^_/ } keys %{ __PACKAGE__ . "::" }
            ),
        };
    }

if ( scalar @methods ) {
        $handle->{'blacklist'} = { %{ $handle->{'blacklist'} }, map { $_ => 1 } @methods };
    }

delete $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'};
    return;
}

sub whitelist {
    my ( $handle, @methods ) = @_;
    if ( scalar @methods ) {
        $handle->{'whitelist'} = {} unless defined $handle->{'whitelist'};
        $handle->{'whitelist'} = { %{ $handle->{'whitelist'} }, map { $_ => 1 } @methods };
    }

delete $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'};
    return;
}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub failure_handler_auto {
    # Meant to be used like:
    #  $handle->fail_with('failure_handler_auto')

my $handle = shift;
    my $phrase = shift;

$handle->{'failure_lex'} ||= {};
    my $lex = $handle->{'failure_lex'};

my $value ||= ($lex->{$phrase} ||= $handle->_compile($phrase));

# Dumbly copied from sub maketext:
    return ${$value} if ref($value) eq 'SCALAR';
    return $value    if ref($value) ne 'CODE';
    {
        local $SIG{'__DIE__'};
        eval { $value = &$value($handle, @_) };
    }
    # If we make it here, there was an exception thrown in the
    #  call to $value, and so scream:
    if($@) {
        # pretty up the error message
        $@ =~ s{\s+at\s+$eval\s+\d+$\s+line\s+(\d+)\.?\n?}
                 {\n in bracket code [compiled line $1],}s;
        #$err =~ s/\n?$/\n/s;
        Carp::croak "Error in maketexting \"$phrase\":\n$@ as used";
        # Rather unexpected, but suppose that the sub tried calling
        # a method that didn't exist.
    }
    else {
        return $value;
    }
}

#==========================================================================

sub new {
    # Nothing fancy!
    my $class = ref($_[0]) || $_[0];
    my $handle = bless {}, $class;
    $handle->blacklist;
    $handle->init;
    return $handle;
}

sub init { return } # no-op

###########################################################################

sub maketext {
    # Remember, this can fail.  Failure is controllable many ways.
    Carp::croak 'maketext requires at least one parameter' unless @_ > 1;

my($handle, $phrase) = splice(@_,0,2);
    Carp::confess('No handle/phrase') unless (defined($handle) && defined($phrase));

# backup $@ in case it's still being used in the calling code.
    # If no failures, we'll re-set it back to what it was later.
    my $at = $@;

# Copy @_ case one of its elements is $@.
    @_ = @_;

# Look up the value:

my $value;
    if (exists $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'}{$phrase}) {
        DEBUG and warn "* Using external lex cache version of \"$phrase\"\n";
        $value = $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'}{$phrase};
    }
    else {
        foreach my $h_r (
            @{  $isa_scan{ref($handle) || $handle} || $handle->_lex_refs  }
        ) {
            DEBUG and warn "* Looking up \"$phrase\" in $h_r\n";
            if(exists $h_r->{$phrase}) {
                DEBUG and warn "  Found \"$phrase\" in $h_r\n";
                unless(ref($value = $h_r->{$phrase})) {
                    # Nonref means it's not yet compiled.  Compile and replace.
                    if ($handle->{'use_external_lex_cache'}) {
                        $value = $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'}{$phrase} = $handle->_compile($value);
                    }
                    else {
                        $value = $h_r->{$phrase} = $handle->_compile($value);
                    }
                }
                last;
            }
            # extending packages need to be able to localize _AUTO and if readonly can't "local $h_r->{'_AUTO'} = 1;"
            # but they can "local $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'}{'_AUTO'} = 1;"
            elsif($phrase !~ m/^_/s and ($handle->{'use_external_lex_cache'} ? ( exists $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'}{'_AUTO'} ? $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'}{'_AUTO'} : $h_r->{'_AUTO'} ) : $h_r->{'_AUTO'})) {
                # it's an auto lex, and this is an autoable key!
                DEBUG and warn "  Automaking \"$phrase\" into $h_r\n";
                if ($handle->{'use_external_lex_cache'}) {
                    $value = $handle->{'_external_lex_cache'}{$phrase} = $handle->_compile($phrase);
                }
                else {
                    $value = $h_r->{$phrase} = $handle->_compile($phrase);
                }
                last;
            }
            DEBUG>1 and print "  Not found in $h_r, nor automakable\n";
            # else keep looking
        }
    }

unless(defined($value)) {
        DEBUG and warn "! Lookup of \"$phrase\" in/under ", ref($handle) || $handle, " fails.\n";
        if(ref($handle) and $handle->{'fail'}) {
            DEBUG and warn "WARNING0: maketext fails looking for <$phrase>\n";
            my $fail;
            if(ref($fail = $handle->{'fail'}) eq 'CODE') { # it's a sub reference
                $@ = $at; # Put $@ back in case we altered it along the way.
                return &{$fail}($handle, $phrase, @_);
                # If it ever returns, it should return a good value.
            }
            else { # It's a method name
                $@ = $at; # Put $@ back in case we altered it along the way.
                return $handle->$fail($phrase, @_);
                # If it ever returns, it should return a good value.
            }
        }
        else {
            # All we know how to do is this;
            Carp::croak("maketext doesn't know how to say:\n$phrase\nas needed");
        }
    }

if(ref($value) eq 'SCALAR'){
        $@ = $at; # Put $@ back in case we altered it along the way.
        return $$value ;
    }
    if(ref($value) ne 'CODE'){
        $@ = $at; # Put $@ back in case we altered it along the way.
        return $value ;
    }

{
        local $SIG{'__DIE__'};
        eval { $value = &$value($handle, @_) };
    }
    # If we make it here, there was an exception thrown in the
    #  call to $value, and so scream:
    if ($@) {
        # pretty up the error message
        $@ =~ s{\s+at\s+$eval\s+\d+$\s+line\s+(\d+)\.?\n?}
                 {\n in bracket code [compiled line $1],}s;
        #$err =~ s/\n?$/\n/s;
        Carp::croak "Error in maketexting \"$phrase\":\n$@ as used";
        # Rather unexpected, but suppose that the sub tried calling
        # a method that didn't exist.
    }
    else {
        $@ = $at; # Put $@ back in case we altered it along the way.
        return $value;
    }
    $@ = $at; # Put $@ back in case we altered it along the way.
}

###########################################################################

sub get_handle {  # This is a constructor and, yes, it CAN FAIL.
    # Its class argument has to be the base class for the current
    # application's l10n files.

my($base_class, @languages) = @_;
    $base_class = ref($base_class) || $base_class;
    # Complain if they use __PACKAGE__ as a project base class?

if( @languages ) {
        DEBUG and warn 'Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n";
        if($USING_LANGUAGE_TAGS) {   # An explicit language-list was given!
            @languages =
            map {; $_, I18N::LangTags::alternate_language_tags($_) }
            # Catch alternation
            map I18N::LangTags::locale2language_tag($_),
            # If it's a lg tag, fine, pass thru (untainted)
            # If it's a locale ID, try converting to a lg tag (untainted),
            # otherwise nix it.
            @languages;
            DEBUG and warn 'Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n";
        }
    }
    else {
        @languages = $base_class->_ambient_langprefs;
    }

@languages = $base_class->_langtag_munging(@languages);

my %seen;
    foreach my $module_name ( map { $base_class . '::' . $_ }  @languages ) {
        next unless length $module_name; # sanity
        next if $seen{$module_name}++        # Already been here, and it was no-go
        || !&_try_use($module_name); # Try to use() it, but can't it.
        return($module_name->new); # Make it!
    }

return undef; # Fail!
}

###########################################################################

sub _langtag_munging {
    my($base_class, @languages) = @_;

# We have all these DEBUG statements because otherwise it's hard as hell
    # to diagnose if/when something goes wrong.

DEBUG and warn 'Lgs1: ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n";

if($USING_LANGUAGE_TAGS) {
        DEBUG and warn 'Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n";
        @languages     = $base_class->_add_supers( @languages );

push @languages, I18N::LangTags::panic_languages(@languages);
        DEBUG and warn "After adding panic languages:\n",
        ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n";

push @languages, $base_class->fallback_languages;
        # You are free to override fallback_languages to return empty-list!
        DEBUG and warn 'Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n";

@languages =  # final bit of processing to turn them into classname things
        map {
            my $it = $_;  # copy
            $it =~ tr<-A-Z><_a-z>; # lc, and turn - to _
            $it =~ tr<_a-z0-9><>cd;  # remove all but a-z0-9_
            $it;
        } @languages
        ;
        DEBUG and warn "Nearing end of munging:\n",
        ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n";
    }
    else {
        DEBUG and warn "Bypassing language-tags.\n",
        ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n";
    }

DEBUG and warn "Before adding fallback classes:\n",
    ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n";

push @languages, $base_class->fallback_language_classes;
    # You are free to override that to return whatever.

DEBUG and warn "Finally:\n",
    ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n";

return @languages;
}

###########################################################################

sub _ambient_langprefs {
    return  I18N::LangTags::Detect::detect();
}

###########################################################################

sub _add_supers {
    my($base_class, @languages) = @_;

if (!$MATCH_SUPERS) {
        # Nothing
        DEBUG and warn "Bypassing any super-matching.\n",
        ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n";

}
    elsif( $MATCH_SUPERS_TIGHTLY ) {
        DEBUG and warn "Before adding new supers tightly:\n",
        ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n";
        @languages = I18N::LangTags::implicate_supers( @languages );
        DEBUG and warn "After adding new supers tightly:\n",
        ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n";

}
    else {
        DEBUG and warn "Before adding supers to end:\n",
        ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n";
        @languages = I18N::LangTags::implicate_supers_strictly( @languages );
        DEBUG and warn "After adding supers to end:\n",
        ' Lgs@', __LINE__, ': ', map("<$_>", @languages), "\n";
    }

return @languages;
}

###########################################################################
#
# This is where most people should stop reading.
#
###########################################################################

my %tried = ();
# memoization of whether we've used this module, or found it unusable.

sub _try_use {   # Basically a wrapper around "require Modulename"
    # "Many men have tried..."  "They tried and failed?"  "They tried and died."
    return $tried{$_[0]} if exists $tried{$_[0]};  # memoization

my $module = $_[0];   # ASSUME sane module name!
    { no strict 'refs';
        no warnings 'once';
        return($tried{$module} = 1)
        if %{$module . '::Lexicon'} or @{$module . '::ISA'};
        # weird case: we never use'd it, but there it is!
    }

DEBUG and warn " About to use $module ...\n";

local $SIG{'__DIE__'};
    local $@;
    local @INC = @INC;
    pop @INC if $INC[-1] eq '.';
    eval "require $module"; # used to be "use $module", but no point in that.

if($@) {
        DEBUG and warn "Error using $module \: $@\n";
        return $tried{$module} = 0;
    }
    else {
        DEBUG and warn " OK, $module is used\n";
        return $tried{$module} = 1;
    }
}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub _lex_refs {  # report the lexicon references for this handle's class
    # returns an arrayREF!
    no strict 'refs';
    no warnings 'once';
    my $class = ref($_[0]) || $_[0];
    DEBUG and warn "Lex refs lookup on $class\n";
    return $isa_scan{$class} if exists $isa_scan{$class};  # memoization!

my @lex_refs;
    my $seen_r = ref($_[1]) ? $_[1] : {};

if( defined( *{$class . '::Lexicon'}{'HASH'} )) {
        push @lex_refs, *{$class . '::Lexicon'}{'HASH'};
        DEBUG and warn '%' . $class . '::Lexicon contains ',
            scalar(keys %{$class . '::Lexicon'}), " entries\n";
    }

# Implements depth(height?)-first recursive searching of superclasses.
    # In hindsight, I suppose I could have just used Class::ISA!
    foreach my $superclass (@{$class . '::ISA'}) {
        DEBUG and warn " Super-class search into $superclass\n";
        next if $seen_r->{$superclass}++;
        push @lex_refs, @{&_lex_refs($superclass, $seen_r)};  # call myself
    }

$isa_scan{$class} = \@lex_refs; # save for next time
    return \@lex_refs;
}

sub clear_isa_scan { %isa_scan = (); return; } # end on a note of simplicity!

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub _compile {
    # This big scary routine compiles an entry.
    # It returns either a coderef if there's brackety bits in this, or
    #  otherwise a ref to a scalar.

my $string_to_compile = $_[1]; # There are taint issues using regex on @_ - perlbug 60378,27344

# The while() regex is more expensive than this check on strings that don't need a compile.
    # this op causes a ~2% speed hit for strings that need compile and a 250% speed improvement
    # on strings that don't need compiling.
    return \"$string_to_compile" if($string_to_compile !~ m/[\[~\]]/ms); # return a string ref if chars [~] are not in the string

my $handle = $_[0];

my(@code);
    my(@c) = (''); # "chunks" -- scratch.
    my $call_count = 0;
    my $big_pile = '';
    {
        my $in_group = 0; # start out outside a group
        my($m, @params); # scratch

while($string_to_compile =~  # Iterate over chunks.
            m/(
                [^\~\[\]]+  # non-~[] stuff (Capture everything else here)
                |
                ~.       # ~[, ~], ~~, ~other
                |
                \[          # [ presumably opening a group
                |
                \]          # ] presumably closing a group
                |
                ~           # terminal ~ ?
                |
                $
            )/xgs
        ) {
            DEBUG>2 and warn qq{  "$1"\n};

if($1 eq '[' or $1 eq '') {       # "[" or end
                # Whether this is "[" or end, force processing of any
                #  preceding literal.
                if($in_group) {
                    if($1 eq '') {
                        $handle->_die_pointing($string_to_compile, 'Unterminated bracket group');
                    }
                    else {
                        $handle->_die_pointing($string_to_compile, 'You can\'t nest bracket groups');
                    }
                }
                else {
                    if ($1 eq '') {
                        DEBUG>2 and warn "   [end-string]\n";
                    }
                    else {
                        $in_group = 1;
                    }
                    die "How come \@c is empty?? in <$string_to_compile>" unless @c; # sanity
                    if(length $c[-1]) {
                        # Now actually processing the preceding literal
                        $big_pile .= $c[-1];
                        if($USE_LITERALS and (
                                (ord('A') == 65)
                                ? $c[-1] !~ m/[^\x20-\x7E]/s
                                # ASCII very safe chars
                                : $c[-1] !~ m/[^ !"\#\$%&'()*+,\-.\/0-9:;<=>?\@A-Z[\\\]^_`a-z{|}~\x07]/s
                                # EBCDIC very safe chars
                            )) {
                            # normal case -- all very safe chars
                            $c[-1] =~ s/'/\\'/g;
                            push @code, q{ '} . $c[-1] . "',\n";
                            $c[-1] = ''; # reuse this slot
                        }
                        else {
                            $c[-1] =~ s/\\\\/\\/g;
                            push @code, ' $c[' . $#c . "],\n";
                            push @c, ''; # new chunk
                        }
                    }
                    # else just ignore the empty string.
                }

}
            elsif($1 eq ']') {  # "]"
                # close group -- go back in-band
                if($in_group) {
                    $in_group = 0;

DEBUG>2 and warn "   --Closing group [$c[-1]]\n";

# And now process the group...

if(!length($c[-1]) or $c[-1] =~ m/^\s+$/s) {
                        DEBUG>2 and warn "   -- (Ignoring)\n";
                        $c[-1] = ''; # reset out chink
                        next;
                    }

#$c[-1] =~ s/^\s+//s;
                    #$c[-1] =~ s/\s+$//s;
                    ($m,@params) = split(/,/, $c[-1], -1);  # was /\s*,\s*/

# A bit of a hack -- we've turned "~,"'s into DELs, so turn
                    #  'em into real commas here.
                    if (ord('A') == 65) { # ASCII, etc
                        foreach($m, @params) { tr/\x7F/,/ }
                    }
                    else {              # EBCDIC (1047, 0037, POSIX-BC)
                        # Thanks to Peter Prymmer for the EBCDIC handling
                        foreach($m, @params) { tr/\x07/,/ }
                    }

# Special-case handling of some method names:
                    if($m eq '_*' or $m =~ m/^_(-?\d+)$/s) {
                        # Treat [_1,...] as [,_1,...], etc.
                        unshift @params, $m;
                        $m = '';
                    }
                    elsif($m eq '*') {
                        $m = 'quant'; # "*" for "times": "4 cars" is 4 times "cars"
                    }
                    elsif($m eq '#') {
                        $m = 'numf';  # "#" for "number": [#,_1] for "the number _1"
                    }

# Most common case: a simple, legal-looking method name
                    if($m eq '') {
                        # 0-length method name means to just interpolate:
                        push @code, ' (';
                    }
                    elsif($m =~ /^\w+$/s
                        && !$handle->{'blacklist'}{$m}
                        && ( !defined $handle->{'whitelist'} || $handle->{'whitelist'}{$m} )
                        # exclude anything fancy and restrict to the whitelist/blacklist.
                    ) {
                        push @code, ' $_[0]->' . $m . '(';
                    }
                    else {
                        # TODO: implement something?  or just too icky to consider?
                        $handle->_die_pointing(
                            $string_to_compile,
                            "Can't use \"$m\" as a method name in bracket group",
                            2 + length($c[-1])
                        );
                    }

pop @c; # we don't need that chunk anymore
                    ++$call_count;

foreach my $p (@params) {
                        if($p eq '_*') {
                            # Meaning: all parameters except $_[0]
                            $code[-1] .= ' @_[1 .. $#_], ';
                            # and yes, that does the right thing for all @_ < 3
                        }
                        elsif($p =~ m/^_(-?\d+)$/s) {
                            # _3 meaning $_[3]
                            $code[-1] .= '$_[' . (0 + $1) . '], ';
                        }
                        elsif($USE_LITERALS and (
                                (ord('A') == 65)
                                ? $p !~ m/[^\x20-\x7E]/s
                                # ASCII very safe chars
                                : $p !~ m/[^ !"\#\$%&'()*+,\-.\/0-9:;<=>?\@A-Z[\\\]^_`a-z{|}~\x07]/s
                                # EBCDIC very safe chars
                            )) {
                            # Normal case: a literal containing only safe characters
                            $p =~ s/'/\\'/g;
                            $code[-1] .= q{'} . $p . q{', };
                        }
                        else {
                            # Stow it on the chunk-stack, and just refer to that.
                            push @c, $p;
                            push @code, ' $c[' . $#c . '], ';
                        }
                    }
                    $code[-1] .= "),\n";

push @c, '';
                }
                else {
                    $handle->_die_pointing($string_to_compile, q{Unbalanced ']'});
                }

}
            elsif(substr($1,0,1) ne '~') {
                # it's stuff not containing "~" or "[" or "]"
                # i.e., a literal blob
                my $text = $1;
                $text =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
                $c[-1] .= $text;

}
            elsif($1 eq '~~') { # "~~"
                $c[-1] .= '~';

}
            elsif($1 eq '~[') { # "~["
                $c[-1] .= '[';

}
            elsif($1 eq '~]') { # "~]"
                $c[-1] .= ']';

}
            elsif($1 eq '~,') { # "~,"
                if($in_group) {
                    # This is a hack, based on the assumption that no-one will actually
                    # want a DEL inside a bracket group.  Let's hope that's it's true.
                    if (ord('A') == 65) { # ASCII etc
                        $c[-1] .= "\x7F";
                    }
                    else {              # EBCDIC (cp 1047, 0037, POSIX-BC)
                        $c[-1] .= "\x07";
                    }
                }
                else {
                    $c[-1] .= '~,';
                }

}
            elsif($1 eq '~') { # possible only at string-end, it seems.
                $c[-1] .= '~';

}
            else {
                # It's a "~X" where X is not a special character.
                # Consider it a literal ~ and X.
                my $text = $1;
                $text =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
                $c[-1] .= $text;
            }
        }
    }

if($call_count) {
        undef $big_pile; # Well, nevermind that.
    }
    else {
        # It's all literals!  Ahwell, that can happen.
        # So don't bother with the eval.  Return a SCALAR reference.
        return \$big_pile;
    }

die q{Last chunk isn't null??} if @c and length $c[-1]; # sanity
    DEBUG and warn scalar(@c), " chunks under closure\n";
    if(@code == 0) { # not possible?
        DEBUG and warn "Empty code\n";
        return \'';
    }
    elsif(@code > 1) { # most cases, presumably!
        unshift @code, "join '',\n";
    }
    unshift @code, "use strict; sub {\n";
    push @code, "}\n";

DEBUG and warn @code;
    my $sub = eval(join '', @code);
    die "$@ while evalling" . join('', @code) if $@; # Should be impossible.
    return $sub;
}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------

sub _die_pointing {
    # This is used by _compile to throw a fatal error
    my $target = shift;
    $target = ref($target) || $target; # class name
                                       # ...leaving $_[0] the error-causing text, and $_[1] the error message

my $i = index($_[0], "\n");

my $pointy;
    my $pos = pos($_[0]) - (defined($_[2]) ? $_[2] : 0) - 1;
    if($pos < 1) {
        $pointy = "^=== near there\n";
    }
    else { # we need to space over
        my $first_tab = index($_[0], "\t");
        if($pos > 2 and ( -1 == $first_tab  or  $first_tab > pos($_[0]))) {
            # No tabs, or the first tab is harmlessly after where we will point to,
            # AND we're far enough from the margin that we can draw a proper arrow.
            $pointy = ('=' x $pos) . "^ near there\n";
        }
        else {
            # tabs screw everything up!
            $pointy = substr($_[0],0,$pos);
            $pointy =~ tr/\t //cd;
            # make everything into whitespace, but preserving tabs
            $pointy .= "^=== near there\n";
        }
    }

my $errmsg = "$_[1], in\:\n$_[0]";

if($i == -1) {
        # No newline.
        $errmsg .= "\n" . $pointy;
    }
    elsif($i == (length($_[0]) - 1)  ) {
        # Already has a newline at end.
        $errmsg .= $pointy;
    }
    else {
        # don't bother with the pointy bit, I guess.
    }
    Carp::croak( "$errmsg via $target, as used" );
}

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