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Edit File : Util.php \| Size : 31.42 KB
<?php /** * XML_Util * * XML Utilities package * * PHP versions 4 and 5 * * LICENSE: * * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Stephan Schmidt <schst@php.net> * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * * The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products * derived from this software without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS * IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, * THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY * OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. * * @category XML * @package XML_Util * @author Stephan Schmidt <schst@php.net> * @copyright 2003-2008 Stephan Schmidt <schst@php.net> * @license http://opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license New BSD License * @version CVS: $Id$ * @link http://pear.php.net/package/XML_Util / /* * Error code for invalid chars in XML name / define('XML_UTIL_ERROR_INVALID_CHARS', 51); /* * Error code for invalid chars in XML name / define('XML_UTIL_ERROR_INVALID_START', 52); /* * Error code for non-scalar tag content / define('XML_UTIL_ERROR_NON_SCALAR_CONTENT', 60); /* * Error code for missing tag name / define('XML_UTIL_ERROR_NO_TAG_NAME', 61); /* * Replace XML entities / define('XML_UTIL_REPLACE_ENTITIES', 1); /* * Embedd content in a CData Section / define('XML_UTIL_CDATA_SECTION', 5); /* * Do not replace entitites / define('XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_NONE', 0); /* * Replace all XML entitites * This setting will replace <, >, ", ' and & / define('XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML', 1); /* * Replace only required XML entitites * This setting will replace <, " and & / define('XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML_REQUIRED', 2); /* * Replace HTML entitites * @link http://www.php.net/htmlentities / define('XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_HTML', 3); /* * Do not collapse any empty tags. / define('XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_NONE', 0); /* * Collapse all empty tags. / define('XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_ALL', 1); /* * Collapse only empty XHTML tags that have no end tag. / define('XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_XHTML_ONLY', 2); /* * Utility class for working with XML documents * * @category XML * @package XML_Util * @author Stephan Schmidt <schst@php.net> * @copyright 2003-2008 Stephan Schmidt <schst@php.net> * @license http://opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license New BSD License * @version Release: 1.4.5 * @link http://pear.php.net/package/XML_Util / class XML_Util { /* * Return API version * * @return string $version API version / public static function apiVersion() { return '1.4'; } /* * Replace XML entities * * With the optional second parameter, you may select, which * entities should be replaced. * * <code> * require_once 'XML/Util.php'; * * // replace XML entites: * $string = XML_Util::replaceEntities('This string contains < & >.'); * </code> * * With the optional third parameter, you may pass the character encoding * <code> * require_once 'XML/Util.php'; * * // replace XML entites in UTF-8: * $string = XML_Util::replaceEntities( * 'This string contains < & > as well as ä, ö, ß, à and ê', * XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_HTML, * 'UTF-8' * ); * </code> * * @param string $string string where XML special chars * should be replaced * @param int $replaceEntities setting for entities in attribute values * (one of XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML, * XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML_REQUIRED, * XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_HTML) * @param string $encoding encoding value (if any)... * must be a valid encoding as determined * by the htmlentities() function * * @return string string with replaced chars * @see reverseEntities() / public static function replaceEntities( $string, $replaceEntities = XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML, $encoding = 'ISO-8859-1' ) { switch ($replaceEntities) { case XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML: return strtr( $string, array( '&' => '&', '>' => '>', '<' => '<', '"' => '"', '\'' => ''' ) ); break; case XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML_REQUIRED: return strtr( $string, array( '&' => '&', '<' => '<', '"' => '"' ) ); break; case XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_HTML: return htmlentities($string, ENT_COMPAT, $encoding); break; } return $string; } /* * Reverse XML entities * * With the optional second parameter, you may select, which * entities should be reversed. * * <code> * require_once 'XML/Util.php'; * * // reverse XML entites: * $string = XML_Util::reverseEntities('This string contains < & >.'); * </code> * * With the optional third parameter, you may pass the character encoding * <code> * require_once 'XML/Util.php'; * * // reverse XML entites in UTF-8: * $string = XML_Util::reverseEntities( * 'This string contains < & > as well as' * . ' ä, ö, ß, à and ê', * XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_HTML, * 'UTF-8' * ); * </code> * * @param string $string string where XML special chars * should be replaced * @param int $replaceEntities setting for entities in attribute values * (one of XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML, * XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML_REQUIRED, * XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_HTML) * @param string $encoding encoding value (if any)... * must be a valid encoding as determined * by the html_entity_decode() function * * @return string string with replaced chars * @see replaceEntities() / public static function reverseEntities( $string, $replaceEntities = XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML, $encoding = 'ISO-8859-1' ) { switch ($replaceEntities) { case XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML: return strtr( $string, array( '&' => '&', '>' => '>', '<' => '<', '"' => '"', ''' => '\'' ) ); break; case XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML_REQUIRED: return strtr( $string, array( '&' => '&', '<' => '<', '"' => '"' ) ); break; case XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_HTML: return html_entity_decode($string, ENT_COMPAT, $encoding); break; } return $string; } /* * Build an xml declaration * * <code> * require_once 'XML/Util.php'; * * // get an XML declaration: * $xmlDecl = XML_Util::getXMLDeclaration('1.0', 'UTF-8', true); * </code> * * @param string $version xml version * @param string $encoding character encoding * @param bool $standalone document is standalone (or not) * * @return string xml declaration * @uses attributesToString() to serialize the attributes of the * XML declaration / public static function getXMLDeclaration( $version = '1.0', $encoding = null, $standalone = null ) { $attributes = array( 'version' => $version, ); // add encoding if ($encoding !== null) { $attributes['encoding'] = $encoding; } // add standalone, if specified if ($standalone !== null) { $attributes['standalone'] = $standalone ? 'yes' : 'no'; } return sprintf( '<?xml%s?>', XML_Util::attributesToString($attributes, false) ); } /* * Build a document type declaration * * <code> * require_once 'XML/Util.php'; * * // get a doctype declaration: * $xmlDecl = XML_Util::getDocTypeDeclaration('rootTag','myDocType.dtd'); * </code> * * @param string $root name of the root tag * @param string $uri uri of the doctype definition * (or array with uri and public id) * @param string $internalDtd internal dtd entries * * @return string doctype declaration * @since 0.2 / public static function getDocTypeDeclaration( $root, $uri = null, $internalDtd = null ) { if (is_array($uri)) { $ref = sprintf(' PUBLIC "%s" "%s"', $uri['id'], $uri['uri']); } elseif (!empty($uri)) { $ref = sprintf(' SYSTEM "%s"', $uri); } else { $ref = ''; } if (empty($internalDtd)) { return sprintf('<!DOCTYPE %s%s>', $root, $ref); } else { return sprintf("<!DOCTYPE %s%s [\n%s\n]>", $root, $ref, $internalDtd); } } /* * Create string representation of an attribute list * * <code> * require_once 'XML/Util.php'; * * // build an attribute string * $att = array( * 'foo' => 'bar', * 'argh' => 'tomato' * ); * * $attList = XML_Util::attributesToString($att); * </code> * * @param array $attributes attribute array * @param bool\|array $sort sort attribute list alphabetically, * may also be an assoc array containing * the keys 'sort', 'multiline', 'indent', * 'linebreak' and 'entities' * @param bool $multiline use linebreaks, if more than * one attribute is given * @param string $indent string used for indentation of * multiline attributes * @param string $linebreak string used for linebreaks of * multiline attributes * @param int $entities setting for entities in attribute values * (one of XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_NONE, * XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML, * XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML_REQUIRED, * XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_HTML) * * @return string string representation of the attributes * @uses replaceEntities() to replace XML entities in attribute values * @todo allow sort also to be an options array / public static function attributesToString( $attributes, $sort = true, $multiline = false, $indent = ' ', $linebreak = "\n", $entities = XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML ) { / * second parameter may be an array / if (is_array($sort)) { if (isset($sort['multiline'])) { $multiline = $sort['multiline']; } if (isset($sort['indent'])) { $indent = $sort['indent']; } if (isset($sort['linebreak'])) { $multiline = $sort['linebreak']; } if (isset($sort['entities'])) { $entities = $sort['entities']; } if (isset($sort['sort'])) { $sort = $sort['sort']; } else { $sort = true; } } $string = ''; if (is_array($attributes) && !empty($attributes)) { if ($sort) { ksort($attributes); } if (!$multiline \|\| count($attributes) == 1) { foreach ($attributes as $key => $value) { if ($entities != XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_NONE) { if ($entities === XML_UTIL_CDATA_SECTION) { $entities = XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML; } $value = XML_Util::replaceEntities($value, $entities); } $string .= ' ' . $key . '="' . $value . '"'; } } else { $first = true; foreach ($attributes as $key => $value) { if ($entities != XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_NONE) { $value = XML_Util::replaceEntities($value, $entities); } if ($first) { $string .= ' ' . $key . '="' . $value . '"'; $first = false; } else { $string .= $linebreak . $indent . $key . '="' . $value . '"'; } } } } return $string; } /* * Collapses empty tags. * * @param string $xml XML * @param int $mode Whether to collapse all empty tags (XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_ALL) * or only XHTML (XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_XHTML_ONLY) ones. * * @return string XML / public static function collapseEmptyTags($xml, $mode = XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_ALL) { if (preg_match('~<([^>])+/>~s', $xml, $matches)) { // it's already an empty tag return $xml; } switch ($mode) { case XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_ALL: $preg1 = '~<' . '(?:' . '(https?://[^:\s]+:\w+)' . // <http://foo.com:bar ($1) '\|(\w+:\w+)' . // <foo:bar ($2) '\|(\w+)' . // <foo ($3) ')+' . '([^>])' . // attributes ($4) '>' . '<\/(\1\|\2\|\3)>' . // 1, 2, or 3 again ($5) '~s' ; $preg2 = '<' . '${1}${2}${3}' . // tag (only one should have been populated) '${4}' . // attributes ' />' ; return (preg_replace($preg1, $preg2, $xml)?:$xml); break; case XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_XHTML_ONLY: return ( preg_replace( '/<(area\|base(?:font)?\|br\|col\|frame\|hr\|img\|input\|isindex\|link\|meta\|' . 'param)([^>])><\/\\1>/s', '<\\1\\2 />', $xml ) ?: $xml ); break; case XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_NONE: // fall thru default: return $xml; } } /* * Create a tag * * This method will call XML_Util::createTagFromArray(), which * is more flexible. * * <code> * require_once 'XML/Util.php'; * * // create an XML tag: * $tag = XML_Util::createTag('myNs:myTag', * array('foo' => 'bar'), * 'This is inside the tag', * 'http://www.w3c.org/myNs#'); * </code> * * @param string $qname qualified tagname (including namespace) * @param array $attributes array containg attributes * @param mixed $content the content * @param string $namespaceUri URI of the namespace * @param int $replaceEntities whether to replace XML special chars in * content, embedd it in a CData section * or none of both * @param bool $multiline whether to create a multiline tag where * each attribute gets written to a single line * @param string $indent string used to indent attributes * (_auto indents attributes so they start * at the same column) * @param string $linebreak string used for linebreaks * @param bool $sortAttributes Whether to sort the attributes or not * @param int $collapseTagMode How to handle a content-less, and thus collapseable, tag * * @return string XML tag * @see createTagFromArray() * @uses createTagFromArray() to create the tag / public static function createTag( $qname, $attributes = array(), $content = null, $namespaceUri = null, $replaceEntities = XML_UTIL_REPLACE_ENTITIES, $multiline = false, $indent = '_auto', $linebreak = "\n", $sortAttributes = true, $collapseTagMode = XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_ALL ) { $tag = array( 'qname' => $qname, 'attributes' => $attributes ); // add tag content if ($content !== null) { $tag['content'] = $content; } // add namespace Uri if ($namespaceUri !== null) { $tag['namespaceUri'] = $namespaceUri; } return XML_Util::createTagFromArray( $tag, $replaceEntities, $multiline, $indent, $linebreak, $sortAttributes, $collapseTagMode ); } /* * Create a tag from an array. * This method awaits an array in the following format * <pre> * array( * // qualified name of the tag * 'qname' => $qname * * // namespace prefix (optional, if qname is specified or no namespace) * 'namespace' => $namespace * * // local part of the tagname (optional, if qname is specified) * 'localpart' => $localpart, * * // array containing all attributes (optional) * 'attributes' => array(), * * // tag content (optional) * 'content' => $content, * * // namespaceUri for the given namespace (optional) * 'namespaceUri' => $namespaceUri * ) * </pre> * * <code> * require_once 'XML/Util.php'; * * $tag = array( * 'qname' => 'foo:bar', * 'namespaceUri' => 'http://foo.com', * 'attributes' => array('key' => 'value', 'argh' => 'fruit&vegetable'), * 'content' => 'I\'m inside the tag', * ); * // creating a tag with qualified name and namespaceUri * $string = XML_Util::createTagFromArray($tag); * </code> * * @param array $tag tag definition * @param int $replaceEntities whether to replace XML special chars in * content, embedd it in a CData section * or none of both * @param bool $multiline whether to create a multiline tag where each * attribute gets written to a single line * @param string $indent string used to indent attributes * (_auto indents attributes so they start * at the same column) * @param string $linebreak string used for linebreaks * @param bool $sortAttributes Whether to sort the attributes or not * @param int $collapseTagMode How to handle a content-less, and thus collapseable, tag * * @return string XML tag * * @see createTag() * @uses attributesToString() to serialize the attributes of the tag * @uses splitQualifiedName() to get local part and namespace of a qualified name * @uses createCDataSection() * @uses collapseEmptyTags() * @uses raiseError() / public static function createTagFromArray( $tag, $replaceEntities = XML_UTIL_REPLACE_ENTITIES, $multiline = false, $indent = '_auto', $linebreak = "\n", $sortAttributes = true, $collapseTagMode = XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_ALL ) { if (isset($tag['content']) && !is_scalar($tag['content'])) { return XML_Util::raiseError( 'Supplied non-scalar value as tag content', XML_UTIL_ERROR_NON_SCALAR_CONTENT ); } if (!isset($tag['qname']) && !isset($tag['localPart'])) { return XML_Util::raiseError( 'You must either supply a qualified name ' . '(qname) or local tag name (localPart).', XML_UTIL_ERROR_NO_TAG_NAME ); } // if no attributes hav been set, use empty attributes if (!isset($tag['attributes']) \|\| !is_array($tag['attributes'])) { $tag['attributes'] = array(); } if (isset($tag['namespaces'])) { foreach ($tag['namespaces'] as $ns => $uri) { $tag['attributes']['xmlns:' . $ns] = $uri; } } if (!isset($tag['qname'])) { // qualified name is not given // check for namespace if (isset($tag['namespace']) && !empty($tag['namespace'])) { $tag['qname'] = $tag['namespace'] . ':' . $tag['localPart']; } else { $tag['qname'] = $tag['localPart']; } } elseif (isset($tag['namespaceUri']) && !isset($tag['namespace'])) { // namespace URI is set, but no namespace $parts = XML_Util::splitQualifiedName($tag['qname']); $tag['localPart'] = $parts['localPart']; if (isset($parts['namespace'])) { $tag['namespace'] = $parts['namespace']; } } if (isset($tag['namespaceUri']) && !empty($tag['namespaceUri'])) { // is a namespace given if (isset($tag['namespace']) && !empty($tag['namespace'])) { $tag['attributes']['xmlns:' . $tag['namespace']] = $tag['namespaceUri']; } else { // define this Uri as the default namespace $tag['attributes']['xmlns'] = $tag['namespaceUri']; } } if (!array_key_exists('content', $tag)) { $tag['content'] = ''; } // check for multiline attributes if ($multiline === true) { if ($indent === '_auto') { $indent = str_repeat(' ', (strlen($tag['qname'])+2)); } } // create attribute list $attList = XML_Util::attributesToString( $tag['attributes'], $sortAttributes, $multiline, $indent, $linebreak ); switch ($replaceEntities) { case XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_NONE: break; case XML_UTIL_CDATA_SECTION: $tag['content'] = XML_Util::createCDataSection($tag['content']); break; default: $tag['content'] = XML_Util::replaceEntities( $tag['content'], $replaceEntities ); break; } $tag = sprintf( '<%s%s>%s</%s>', $tag['qname'], $attList, $tag['content'], $tag['qname'] ); return self::collapseEmptyTags($tag, $collapseTagMode); } /* * Create a start element * * <code> * require_once 'XML/Util.php'; * * // create an XML start element: * $tag = XML_Util::createStartElement('myNs:myTag', * array('foo' => 'bar') ,'http://www.w3c.org/myNs#'); * </code> * * @param string $qname qualified tagname (including namespace) * @param array $attributes array containg attributes * @param string $namespaceUri URI of the namespace * @param bool $multiline whether to create a multiline tag where each * attribute gets written to a single line * @param string $indent string used to indent attributes (_auto indents * attributes so they start at the same column) * @param string $linebreak string used for linebreaks * @param bool $sortAttributes Whether to sort the attributes or not * * @return string XML start element * @see createEndElement(), createTag() / public static function createStartElement( $qname, $attributes = array(), $namespaceUri = null, $multiline = false, $indent = '_auto', $linebreak = "\n", $sortAttributes = true ) { // if no attributes hav been set, use empty attributes if (!isset($attributes) \|\| !is_array($attributes)) { $attributes = array(); } if ($namespaceUri != null) { $parts = XML_Util::splitQualifiedName($qname); } // check for multiline attributes if ($multiline === true) { if ($indent === '_auto') { $indent = str_repeat(' ', (strlen($qname)+2)); } } if ($namespaceUri != null) { // is a namespace given if (isset($parts['namespace']) && !empty($parts['namespace'])) { $attributes['xmlns:' . $parts['namespace']] = $namespaceUri; } else { // define this Uri as the default namespace $attributes['xmlns'] = $namespaceUri; } } // create attribute list $attList = XML_Util::attributesToString( $attributes, $sortAttributes, $multiline, $indent, $linebreak ); $element = sprintf('<%s%s>', $qname, $attList); return $element; } /* * Create an end element * * <code> * require_once 'XML/Util.php'; * * // create an XML start element: * $tag = XML_Util::createEndElement('myNs:myTag'); * </code> * * @param string $qname qualified tagname (including namespace) * * @return string XML end element * @see createStartElement(), createTag() / public static function createEndElement($qname) { $element = sprintf('</%s>', $qname); return $element; } /* * Create an XML comment * * <code> * require_once 'XML/Util.php'; * * // create an XML start element: * $tag = XML_Util::createComment('I am a comment'); * </code> * * @param string $content content of the comment * * @return string XML comment / public static function createComment($content) { $comment = sprintf('<!-- %s -->', $content); return $comment; } /* * Create a CData section * * <code> * require_once 'XML/Util.php'; * * // create a CData section * $tag = XML_Util::createCDataSection('I am content.'); * </code> * * @param string $data data of the CData section * * @return string CData section with content / public static function createCDataSection($data) { return sprintf( '<![CDATA[%s]]>', preg_replace('/\]\]>/', ']]]]><![CDATA[>', strval($data)) ); } /* * Split qualified name and return namespace and local part * * <code> * require_once 'XML/Util.php'; * * // split qualified tag * $parts = XML_Util::splitQualifiedName('xslt:stylesheet'); * </code> * the returned array will contain two elements: * <pre> * array( * 'namespace' => 'xslt', * 'localPart' => 'stylesheet' * ); * </pre> * * @param string $qname qualified tag name * @param string $defaultNs default namespace (optional) * * @return array array containing namespace and local part / public static function splitQualifiedName($qname, $defaultNs = null) { if (strstr($qname, ':')) { $tmp = explode(':', $qname); return array( 'namespace' => $tmp[0], 'localPart' => $tmp[1] ); } return array( 'namespace' => $defaultNs, 'localPart' => $qname ); } /* * Check, whether string is valid XML name * * <p>XML names are used for tagname, attribute names and various * other, lesser known entities.</p> * <p>An XML name may only consist of alphanumeric characters, * dashes, undescores and periods, and has to start with a letter * or an underscore.</p> * * <code> * require_once 'XML/Util.php'; * * // verify tag name * $result = XML_Util::isValidName('invalidTag?'); * if (is_a($result, 'PEAR_Error')) { * print 'Invalid XML name: ' . $result->getMessage(); * } * </code> * * @param string $string string that should be checked * * @return mixed true, if string is a valid XML name, PEAR error otherwise * * @todo support for other charsets * @todo PEAR CS - unable to avoid 85-char limit on second preg_match / public static function isValidName($string) { // check for invalid chars if (!is_string($string) \|\| !strlen($string) \|\| !preg_match('/^[[:alpha:]_]\\z/', $string[0])) { return XML_Util::raiseError( 'XML names may only start with letter or underscore', XML_UTIL_ERROR_INVALID_START ); } // check for invalid chars $match = preg_match( '/^([[:alpha:]_]([[:alnum:]\-\.])?:)?' . '[[:alpha:]_]([[:alnum:]\_\-\.]+)?\\z/', $string ); if (!$match) { return XML_Util::raiseError( 'XML names may only contain alphanumeric ' . 'chars, period, hyphen, colon and underscores', XML_UTIL_ERROR_INVALID_CHARS ); } // XML name is valid return true; } /** * Replacement for XML_Util::raiseError * * Avoids the necessity to always require * PEAR.php * * @param string $msg error message * @param int $code error code * * @return PEAR_Error * @todo PEAR CS - should this use include_once instead? */ public static function raiseError($msg, $code) { include_once 'PEAR.php'; return PEAR::raiseError($msg, $code); } } ?> Back

Edit File : Util.php | Size : 31.42 KB

<?php
/**
 * XML_Util
 *
 * XML Utilities package
 *
 * PHP versions 4 and 5
 *
 * LICENSE:
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Stephan Schmidt <schst@php.net>
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 *    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *    * The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *      derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
 * IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
 * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
 * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
 * OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * @category  XML
 * @package   XML_Util
 * @author    Stephan Schmidt <schst@php.net>
 * @copyright 2003-2008 Stephan Schmidt <schst@php.net>
 * @license   http://opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license New BSD License
 * @version   CVS: $Id$
 * @link      http://pear.php.net/package/XML_Util
 */

/**
 * Error code for invalid chars in XML name
 */
define('XML_UTIL_ERROR_INVALID_CHARS', 51);

/**
 * Error code for invalid chars in XML name
 */
define('XML_UTIL_ERROR_INVALID_START', 52);

/**
 * Error code for non-scalar tag content
 */
define('XML_UTIL_ERROR_NON_SCALAR_CONTENT', 60);

/**
 * Error code for missing tag name
 */
define('XML_UTIL_ERROR_NO_TAG_NAME', 61);

/**
 * Replace XML entities
 */
define('XML_UTIL_REPLACE_ENTITIES', 1);

/**
 * Embedd content in a CData Section
 */
define('XML_UTIL_CDATA_SECTION', 5);

/**
 * Do not replace entitites
 */
define('XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_NONE', 0);

/**
 * Replace all XML entitites
 * This setting will replace <, >, ", ' and &
 */
define('XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML', 1);

/**
 * Replace only required XML entitites
 * This setting will replace <, " and &
 */
define('XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML_REQUIRED', 2);

/**
 * Replace HTML entitites
 * @link http://www.php.net/htmlentities
 */
define('XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_HTML', 3);

/**
 * Do not collapse any empty tags.
 */
define('XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_NONE', 0);

/**
 * Collapse all empty tags.
 */
define('XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_ALL', 1);

/**
 * Collapse only empty XHTML tags that have no end tag.
 */
define('XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_XHTML_ONLY', 2);

/**
 * Utility class for working with XML documents
 *
 * @category  XML
 * @package   XML_Util
 * @author    Stephan Schmidt <schst@php.net>
 * @copyright 2003-2008 Stephan Schmidt <schst@php.net>
 * @license   http://opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license New BSD License
 * @version   Release: 1.4.5
 * @link      http://pear.php.net/package/XML_Util
 */
class XML_Util
{
    /**
     * Return API version
     *
     * @return string $version API version
     */
    public static function apiVersion()
    {
        return '1.4';
    }

/**
     * Replace XML entities
     *
     * With the optional second parameter, you may select, which
     * entities should be replaced.
     *
     * <code>
     * require_once 'XML/Util.php';
     *
     * // replace XML entites:
     * $string = XML_Util::replaceEntities('This string contains < & >.');
     * </code>
     *
     * With the optional third parameter, you may pass the character encoding
     * <code>
     * require_once 'XML/Util.php';
     *
     * // replace XML entites in UTF-8:
     * $string = XML_Util::replaceEntities(
     *     'This string contains < & > as well as ä, ö, ß, à and ê',
     *     XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_HTML,
     *     'UTF-8'
     * );
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $string          string where XML special chars
     *                                should be replaced
     * @param int    $replaceEntities setting for entities in attribute values
     *                                (one of XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML,
     *                                XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML_REQUIRED,
     *                                XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_HTML)
     * @param string $encoding        encoding value (if any)...
     *                                must be a valid encoding as determined
     *                                by the htmlentities() function
     *
     * @return string string with replaced chars
     * @see    reverseEntities()
     */
    public static function replaceEntities(
        $string, $replaceEntities = XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML, $encoding = 'ISO-8859-1'
    ) {
        switch ($replaceEntities) {
        case XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML:
            return strtr(
                $string,
                array(
                    '&'  => '&amp;',
                    '>'  => '&gt;',
                    '<'  => '&lt;',
                    '"'  => '&quot;',
                    '\'' => '&apos;'
                )
            );
            break;
        case XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML_REQUIRED:
            return strtr(
                $string,
                array(
                    '&' => '&amp;',
                    '<' => '&lt;',
                    '"' => '&quot;'
                )
            );
            break;
        case XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_HTML:
            return htmlentities($string, ENT_COMPAT, $encoding);
            break;
        }
        return $string;
    }

/**
     * Reverse XML entities
     *
     * With the optional second parameter, you may select, which
     * entities should be reversed.
     *
     * <code>
     * require_once 'XML/Util.php';
     *
     * // reverse XML entites:
     * $string = XML_Util::reverseEntities('This string contains &lt; &amp; &gt;.');
     * </code>
     *
     * With the optional third parameter, you may pass the character encoding
     * <code>
     * require_once 'XML/Util.php';
     *
     * // reverse XML entites in UTF-8:
     * $string = XML_Util::reverseEntities(
     *     'This string contains &lt; &amp; &gt; as well as'
     *     . ' &auml;, &ouml;, &szlig;, &agrave; and &ecirc;',
     *     XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_HTML,
     *     'UTF-8'
     * );
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $string          string where XML special chars
     *                                should be replaced
     * @param int    $replaceEntities setting for entities in attribute values
     *                                (one of XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML,
     *                                XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML_REQUIRED,
     *                                XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_HTML)
     * @param string $encoding        encoding value (if any)...
     *                                must be a valid encoding as determined
     *                                by the html_entity_decode() function
     *
     * @return string string with replaced chars
     * @see    replaceEntities()
     */
    public static function reverseEntities(
        $string, $replaceEntities = XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML, $encoding = 'ISO-8859-1'
    ) {
        switch ($replaceEntities) {
        case XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML:
            return strtr(
                $string,
                array(
                    '&amp;'  => '&',
                    '&gt;'   => '>',
                    '&lt;'   => '<',
                    '&quot;' => '"',
                    '&apos;' => '\''
                )
            );
            break;
        case XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML_REQUIRED:
            return strtr(
                $string,
                array(
                    '&amp;'  => '&',
                    '&lt;'   => '<',
                    '&quot;' => '"'
                )
            );
            break;
        case XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_HTML:
            return html_entity_decode($string, ENT_COMPAT, $encoding);
            break;
        }
        return $string;
    }

/**
     * Build an xml declaration
     *
     * <code>
     * require_once 'XML/Util.php';
     *
     * // get an XML declaration:
     * $xmlDecl = XML_Util::getXMLDeclaration('1.0', 'UTF-8', true);
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $version    xml version
     * @param string $encoding   character encoding
     * @param bool   $standalone document is standalone (or not)
     *
     * @return string xml declaration
     * @uses   attributesToString() to serialize the attributes of the
     *         XML declaration
     */
    public static function getXMLDeclaration(
        $version = '1.0', $encoding = null, $standalone = null
    ) {
        $attributes = array(
            'version' => $version,
        );
        // add encoding
        if ($encoding !== null) {
            $attributes['encoding'] = $encoding;
        }
        // add standalone, if specified
        if ($standalone !== null) {
            $attributes['standalone'] = $standalone ? 'yes' : 'no';
        }

return sprintf(
            '<?xml%s?>',
            XML_Util::attributesToString($attributes, false)
        );
    }

/**
     * Build a document type declaration
     *
     * <code>
     * require_once 'XML/Util.php';
     *
     * // get a doctype declaration:
     * $xmlDecl = XML_Util::getDocTypeDeclaration('rootTag','myDocType.dtd');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $root        name of the root tag
     * @param string $uri         uri of the doctype definition
     *                            (or array with uri and public id)
     * @param string $internalDtd internal dtd entries
     *
     * @return string doctype declaration
     * @since  0.2
     */
    public static function getDocTypeDeclaration(
        $root, $uri = null, $internalDtd = null
    ) {
        if (is_array($uri)) {
            $ref = sprintf(' PUBLIC "%s" "%s"', $uri['id'], $uri['uri']);
        } elseif (!empty($uri)) {
            $ref = sprintf(' SYSTEM "%s"', $uri);
        } else {
            $ref = '';
        }

if (empty($internalDtd)) {
            return sprintf('<!DOCTYPE %s%s>', $root, $ref);
        } else {
            return sprintf("<!DOCTYPE %s%s [\n%s\n]>", $root, $ref, $internalDtd);
        }
    }

/**
     * Create string representation of an attribute list
     *
     * <code>
     * require_once 'XML/Util.php';
     *
     * // build an attribute string
     * $att = array(
     *              'foo'   =>  'bar',
     *              'argh'  =>  'tomato'
     *            );
     *
     * $attList = XML_Util::attributesToString($att);
     * </code>
     *
     * @param array      $attributes attribute array
     * @param bool|array $sort       sort attribute list alphabetically,
     *                               may also be an assoc array containing
     *                               the keys 'sort', 'multiline', 'indent',
     *                               'linebreak' and 'entities'
     * @param bool       $multiline  use linebreaks, if more than
     *                               one attribute is given
     * @param string     $indent     string used for indentation of
     *                               multiline attributes
     * @param string     $linebreak  string used for linebreaks of
     *                               multiline attributes
     * @param int        $entities   setting for entities in attribute values
     *                               (one of XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_NONE,
     *                               XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML,
     *                               XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML_REQUIRED,
     *                               XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_HTML)
     *
     * @return string string representation of the attributes
     * @uses   replaceEntities() to replace XML entities in attribute values
     * @todo   allow sort also to be an options array
     */
    public static function attributesToString(
        $attributes, $sort = true, $multiline = false,
        $indent = '    ', $linebreak = "\n", $entities = XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML
    ) {
        /*
         * second parameter may be an array
         */
        if (is_array($sort)) {
            if (isset($sort['multiline'])) {
                $multiline = $sort['multiline'];
            }
            if (isset($sort['indent'])) {
                $indent = $sort['indent'];
            }
            if (isset($sort['linebreak'])) {
                $multiline = $sort['linebreak'];
            }
            if (isset($sort['entities'])) {
                $entities = $sort['entities'];
            }
            if (isset($sort['sort'])) {
                $sort = $sort['sort'];
            } else {
                $sort = true;
            }
        }
        $string = '';
        if (is_array($attributes) && !empty($attributes)) {
            if ($sort) {
                ksort($attributes);
            }
            if (!$multiline || count($attributes) == 1) {
                foreach ($attributes as $key => $value) {
                    if ($entities != XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_NONE) {
                        if ($entities === XML_UTIL_CDATA_SECTION) {
                            $entities = XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_XML;
                        }
                        $value = XML_Util::replaceEntities($value, $entities);
                    }
                    $string .= ' ' . $key . '="' . $value . '"';
                }
            } else {
                $first = true;
                foreach ($attributes as $key => $value) {
                    if ($entities != XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_NONE) {
                        $value = XML_Util::replaceEntities($value, $entities);
                    }
                    if ($first) {
                        $string .= ' ' . $key . '="' . $value . '"';
                        $first   = false;
                    } else {
                        $string .= $linebreak . $indent . $key . '="' . $value . '"';
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return $string;
    }

/**
     * Collapses empty tags.
     *
     * @param string $xml  XML
     * @param int    $mode Whether to collapse all empty tags (XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_ALL)
     *                      or only XHTML (XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_XHTML_ONLY) ones.
     *
     * @return string XML
     */
    public static function collapseEmptyTags($xml, $mode = XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_ALL)
    {
        if (preg_match('~<([^>])+/>~s', $xml, $matches)) {
            // it's already an empty tag
            return $xml;
        }
        switch ($mode) {
            case XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_ALL:
                $preg1 =
                    '~<' .
                        '(?:' .
                            '(https?://[^:\s]+:\w+)' .  // <http://foo.com:bar  ($1)
                            '|(\w+:\w+)' .              // <foo:bar             ($2)
                            '|(\w+)' .                  // <foo                 ($3)
                        ')+' .
                        '([^>]*)' .                     // attributes           ($4)
                    '>' .
                    '<\/(\1|\2|\3)>' .                  // 1, 2, or 3 again     ($5)
                    '~s'
                ;
                $preg2 =
                    '<' .
                        '${1}${2}${3}' .    // tag (only one should have been populated)
                        '${4}' .            // attributes
                    ' />'
                ;
                return (preg_replace($preg1, $preg2, $xml)?:$xml);
                break;
            case XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_XHTML_ONLY:
                return (
                    preg_replace(
                        '/<(area|base(?:font)?|br|col|frame|hr|img|input|isindex|link|meta|'
                        . 'param)([^>]*)><\/\\1>/s',
                        '<\\1\\2 />',
                        $xml
                    ) ?: $xml
                );
                break;
            case XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_NONE:
                // fall thru
            default:
                return $xml;
        }
    }

/**
     * Create a tag
     *
     * This method will call XML_Util::createTagFromArray(), which
     * is more flexible.
     *
     * <code>
     * require_once 'XML/Util.php';
     *
     * // create an XML tag:
     * $tag = XML_Util::createTag('myNs:myTag',
     *     array('foo' => 'bar'),
     *     'This is inside the tag',
     *     'http://www.w3c.org/myNs#');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $qname           qualified tagname (including namespace)
     * @param array  $attributes      array containg attributes
     * @param mixed  $content         the content
     * @param string $namespaceUri    URI of the namespace
     * @param int    $replaceEntities whether to replace XML special chars in
     *                                content, embedd it in a CData section
     *                                or none of both
     * @param bool   $multiline       whether to create a multiline tag where
     *                                each attribute gets written to a single line
     * @param string $indent          string used to indent attributes
     *                                (_auto indents attributes so they start
     *                                at the same column)
     * @param string $linebreak       string used for linebreaks
     * @param bool   $sortAttributes  Whether to sort the attributes or not
     * @param int    $collapseTagMode How to handle a content-less, and thus collapseable, tag
     *
     * @return string XML tag
     * @see    createTagFromArray()
     * @uses   createTagFromArray() to create the tag
     */
    public static function createTag(
        $qname, $attributes = array(), $content = null,
        $namespaceUri = null, $replaceEntities = XML_UTIL_REPLACE_ENTITIES,
        $multiline = false, $indent = '_auto', $linebreak = "\n",
        $sortAttributes = true, $collapseTagMode = XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_ALL
    ) {
        $tag = array(
            'qname'      => $qname,
            'attributes' => $attributes
        );

// add tag content
        if ($content !== null) {
            $tag['content'] = $content;
        }

// add namespace Uri
        if ($namespaceUri !== null) {
            $tag['namespaceUri'] = $namespaceUri;
        }

return XML_Util::createTagFromArray(
            $tag, $replaceEntities, $multiline,
            $indent, $linebreak, $sortAttributes,
            $collapseTagMode
        );
    }

/**
     * Create a tag from an array.
     * This method awaits an array in the following format
     * <pre>
     * array(
     *     // qualified name of the tag
     *     'qname' => $qname
     *
     *     // namespace prefix (optional, if qname is specified or no namespace)
     *     'namespace' => $namespace
     *
     *     // local part of the tagname (optional, if qname is specified)
     *     'localpart' => $localpart,
     *
     *     // array containing all attributes (optional)
     *     'attributes' => array(),
     *
     *     // tag content (optional)
     *     'content' => $content,
     *
     *     // namespaceUri for the given namespace (optional)
     *     'namespaceUri' => $namespaceUri
     * )
     * </pre>
     *
     * <code>
     * require_once 'XML/Util.php';
     *
     * $tag = array(
     *     'qname'        => 'foo:bar',
     *     'namespaceUri' => 'http://foo.com',
     *     'attributes'   => array('key' => 'value', 'argh' => 'fruit&vegetable'),
     *     'content'      => 'I\'m inside the tag',
     * );
     * // creating a tag with qualified name and namespaceUri
     * $string = XML_Util::createTagFromArray($tag);
     * </code>
     *
     * @param array  $tag             tag definition
     * @param int    $replaceEntities whether to replace XML special chars in
     *                                content, embedd it in a CData section
     *                                or none of both
     * @param bool   $multiline       whether to create a multiline tag where each
     *                                attribute gets written to a single line
     * @param string $indent          string used to indent attributes
     *                                (_auto indents attributes so they start
     *                                at the same column)
     * @param string $linebreak       string used for linebreaks
     * @param bool   $sortAttributes  Whether to sort the attributes or not
     * @param int    $collapseTagMode How to handle a content-less, and thus collapseable, tag
     *
     * @return string XML tag
     *
     * @see  createTag()
     * @uses attributesToString() to serialize the attributes of the tag
     * @uses splitQualifiedName() to get local part and namespace of a qualified name
     * @uses createCDataSection()
     * @uses collapseEmptyTags()
     * @uses raiseError()
     */
    public static function createTagFromArray(
        $tag, $replaceEntities = XML_UTIL_REPLACE_ENTITIES,
        $multiline = false, $indent = '_auto', $linebreak = "\n",
        $sortAttributes = true, $collapseTagMode = XML_UTIL_COLLAPSE_ALL
    ) {
        if (isset($tag['content']) && !is_scalar($tag['content'])) {
            return XML_Util::raiseError(
                'Supplied non-scalar value as tag content',
                XML_UTIL_ERROR_NON_SCALAR_CONTENT
            );
        }

if (!isset($tag['qname']) && !isset($tag['localPart'])) {
            return XML_Util::raiseError(
                'You must either supply a qualified name '
                . '(qname) or local tag name (localPart).',
                XML_UTIL_ERROR_NO_TAG_NAME
            );
        }

// if no attributes hav been set, use empty attributes
        if (!isset($tag['attributes']) || !is_array($tag['attributes'])) {
            $tag['attributes'] = array();
        }

if (isset($tag['namespaces'])) {
            foreach ($tag['namespaces'] as $ns => $uri) {
                $tag['attributes']['xmlns:' . $ns] = $uri;
            }
        }

if (!isset($tag['qname'])) {
            // qualified name is not given

// check for namespace
            if (isset($tag['namespace']) && !empty($tag['namespace'])) {
                $tag['qname'] = $tag['namespace'] . ':' . $tag['localPart'];
            } else {
                $tag['qname'] = $tag['localPart'];
            }
        } elseif (isset($tag['namespaceUri']) && !isset($tag['namespace'])) {
            // namespace URI is set, but no namespace

$parts = XML_Util::splitQualifiedName($tag['qname']);

$tag['localPart'] = $parts['localPart'];
            if (isset($parts['namespace'])) {
                $tag['namespace'] = $parts['namespace'];
            }
        }

if (isset($tag['namespaceUri']) && !empty($tag['namespaceUri'])) {
            // is a namespace given
            if (isset($tag['namespace']) && !empty($tag['namespace'])) {
                $tag['attributes']['xmlns:' . $tag['namespace']]
                    = $tag['namespaceUri'];
            } else {
                // define this Uri as the default namespace
                $tag['attributes']['xmlns'] = $tag['namespaceUri'];
            }
        }

if (!array_key_exists('content', $tag)) {
            $tag['content'] = '';
        }

// check for multiline attributes
        if ($multiline === true) {
            if ($indent === '_auto') {
                $indent = str_repeat(' ', (strlen($tag['qname'])+2));
            }
        }

// create attribute list
        $attList = XML_Util::attributesToString(
            $tag['attributes'],
            $sortAttributes, $multiline, $indent, $linebreak
        );

switch ($replaceEntities) {
        case XML_UTIL_ENTITIES_NONE:
            break;
        case XML_UTIL_CDATA_SECTION:
            $tag['content'] = XML_Util::createCDataSection($tag['content']);
            break;
        default:
            $tag['content'] = XML_Util::replaceEntities(
                $tag['content'], $replaceEntities
            );
            break;
        }
        $tag = sprintf(
            '<%s%s>%s</%s>', $tag['qname'], $attList, $tag['content'],
            $tag['qname']
        );

return self::collapseEmptyTags($tag, $collapseTagMode);
    }

/**
     * Create a start element
     *
     * <code>
     * require_once 'XML/Util.php';
     *
     * // create an XML start element:
     * $tag = XML_Util::createStartElement('myNs:myTag',
     *     array('foo' => 'bar') ,'http://www.w3c.org/myNs#');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $qname          qualified tagname (including namespace)
     * @param array  $attributes     array containg attributes
     * @param string $namespaceUri   URI of the namespace
     * @param bool   $multiline      whether to create a multiline tag where each
     *                               attribute gets written to a single line
     * @param string $indent         string used to indent attributes (_auto indents
     *                               attributes so they start at the same column)
     * @param string $linebreak      string used for linebreaks
     * @param bool   $sortAttributes Whether to sort the attributes or not
     *
     * @return string XML start element
     * @see    createEndElement(), createTag()
     */
    public static function createStartElement(
        $qname, $attributes = array(), $namespaceUri = null,
        $multiline = false, $indent = '_auto', $linebreak = "\n",
        $sortAttributes = true
    ) {
        // if no attributes hav been set, use empty attributes
        if (!isset($attributes) || !is_array($attributes)) {
            $attributes = array();
        }

if ($namespaceUri != null) {
            $parts = XML_Util::splitQualifiedName($qname);
        }

// check for multiline attributes
        if ($multiline === true) {
            if ($indent === '_auto') {
                $indent = str_repeat(' ', (strlen($qname)+2));
            }
        }

if ($namespaceUri != null) {
            // is a namespace given
            if (isset($parts['namespace']) && !empty($parts['namespace'])) {
                $attributes['xmlns:' . $parts['namespace']] = $namespaceUri;
            } else {
                // define this Uri as the default namespace
                $attributes['xmlns'] = $namespaceUri;
            }
        }

// create attribute list
        $attList = XML_Util::attributesToString(
            $attributes, $sortAttributes,
            $multiline, $indent, $linebreak
        );
        $element = sprintf('<%s%s>', $qname, $attList);
        return  $element;
    }

/**
     * Create an end element
     *
     * <code>
     * require_once 'XML/Util.php';
     *
     * // create an XML start element:
     * $tag = XML_Util::createEndElement('myNs:myTag');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $qname qualified tagname (including namespace)
     *
     * @return string XML end element
     * @see    createStartElement(), createTag()
     */
    public static function createEndElement($qname)
    {
        $element = sprintf('</%s>', $qname);
        return $element;
    }

/**
     * Create an XML comment
     *
     * <code>
     * require_once 'XML/Util.php';
     *
     * // create an XML start element:
     * $tag = XML_Util::createComment('I am a comment');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $content content of the comment
     *
     * @return string XML comment
     */
    public static function createComment($content)
    {
        $comment = sprintf('', $content);
        return $comment;
    }

/**
     * Create a CData section
     *
     * <code>
     * require_once 'XML/Util.php';
     *
     * // create a CData section
     * $tag = XML_Util::createCDataSection('I am content.');
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $data data of the CData section
     *
     * @return string CData section with content
     */
    public static function createCDataSection($data)
    {
        return sprintf(
            '<![CDATA[%s]]>',
            preg_replace('/\]\]>/', ']]]]><![CDATA[>', strval($data))
        );
    }

/**
     * Split qualified name and return namespace and local part
     *
     * <code>
     * require_once 'XML/Util.php';
     *
     * // split qualified tag
     * $parts = XML_Util::splitQualifiedName('xslt:stylesheet');
     * </code>
     * the returned array will contain two elements:
     * <pre>
     * array(
     *     'namespace' => 'xslt',
     *     'localPart' => 'stylesheet'
     * );
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param string $qname     qualified tag name
     * @param string $defaultNs default namespace (optional)
     *
     * @return array array containing namespace and local part
     */
    public static function splitQualifiedName($qname, $defaultNs = null)
    {
        if (strstr($qname, ':')) {
            $tmp = explode(':', $qname);
            return array(
                'namespace' => $tmp[0],
                'localPart' => $tmp[1]
            );
        }
        return array(
            'namespace' => $defaultNs,
            'localPart' => $qname
        );
    }

/**
     * Check, whether string is valid XML name
     *
     * <p>XML names are used for tagname, attribute names and various
     * other, lesser known entities.</p>
     * <p>An XML name may only consist of alphanumeric characters,
     * dashes, undescores and periods, and has to start with a letter
     * or an underscore.</p>
     *
     * <code>
     * require_once 'XML/Util.php';
     *
     * // verify tag name
     * $result = XML_Util::isValidName('invalidTag?');
     * if (is_a($result, 'PEAR_Error')) {
     *    print 'Invalid XML name: ' . $result->getMessage();
     * }
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string $string string that should be checked
     *
     * @return mixed true, if string is a valid XML name, PEAR error otherwise
     *
     * @todo support for other charsets
     * @todo PEAR CS - unable to avoid 85-char limit on second preg_match
     */
    public static function isValidName($string)
    {
        // check for invalid chars
        if (!is_string($string) || !strlen($string) || !preg_match('/^[[:alpha:]_]\\z/', $string[0])) {
            return XML_Util::raiseError(
                'XML names may only start with letter or underscore',
                XML_UTIL_ERROR_INVALID_START
            );
        }

// check for invalid chars
        $match = preg_match(
            '/^([[:alpha:]_]([[:alnum:]\-\.]*)?:)?'
            . '[[:alpha:]_]([[:alnum:]\_\-\.]+)?\\z/',
            $string
        );
        if (!$match) {
            return XML_Util::raiseError(
                'XML names may only contain alphanumeric '
                . 'chars, period, hyphen, colon and underscores',
                XML_UTIL_ERROR_INVALID_CHARS
            );
        }
        // XML name is valid
        return true;
    }

/**
     * Replacement for XML_Util::raiseError
     *
     * Avoids the necessity to always require
     * PEAR.php
     *
     * @param string $msg  error message
     * @param int    $code error code
     *
     * @return PEAR_Error
     * @todo   PEAR CS - should this use include_once instead?
     */
    public static function raiseError($msg, $code)
    {
        include_once 'PEAR.php';
        return PEAR::raiseError($msg, $code);
    }
}
?>

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