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Edit File : YAML.pm \| Size : 26.36 KB
use 5.008001; # sane UTF-8 support use strict; use warnings; package CPAN::Meta::YAML; # git description: v1.68-2-gcc5324e # XXX-INGY is 5.8.1 too old/broken for utf8? # XXX-XDG Lancaster consensus was that it was sufficient until # proven otherwise $CPAN::Meta::YAML::VERSION = '0.018'; ; # original $VERSION removed by Doppelgaenger ##################################################################### # The CPAN::Meta::YAML API. # # These are the currently documented API functions/methods and # exports: use Exporter; our @ISA = qw{ Exporter }; our @EXPORT = qw{ Load Dump }; our @EXPORT_OK = qw{ LoadFile DumpFile freeze thaw }; ### # Functional/Export API: sub Dump { return CPAN::Meta::YAML->new(@_)->_dump_string; } # XXX-INGY Returning last document seems a bad behavior. # XXX-XDG I think first would seem more natural, but I don't know # that it's worth changing now sub Load { my $self = CPAN::Meta::YAML->_load_string(@_); if ( wantarray ) { return @$self; } else { # To match YAML.pm, return the last document return $self->[-1]; } } # XXX-INGY Do we really need freeze and thaw? # XXX-XDG I don't think so. I'd support deprecating them. BEGIN { freeze = \&Dump; thaw = \&Load; } sub DumpFile { my $file = shift; return CPAN::Meta::YAML->new(@_)->_dump_file($file); } sub LoadFile { my $file = shift; my $self = CPAN::Meta::YAML->_load_file($file); if ( wantarray ) { return @$self; } else { # Return only the last document to match YAML.pm, return $self->[-1]; } } ### # Object Oriented API: # Create an empty CPAN::Meta::YAML object # XXX-INGY Why do we use ARRAY object? # NOTE: I get it now, but I think it's confusing and not needed. # Will change it on a branch later, for review. # # XXX-XDG I don't support changing it yet. It's a very well-documented # "API" of CPAN::Meta::YAML. I'd support deprecating it, but Adam suggested # we not change it until YAML.pm's own OO API is established so that # users only have one API change to digest, not two sub new { my $class = shift; bless [ @_ ], $class; } # XXX-INGY It probably doesn't matter, and it's probably too late to # change, but 'read/write' are the wrong names. Read and Write # are actions that take data from storage to memory # characters/strings. These take the data to/from storage to native # Perl objects, which the terms dump and load are meant. As long as # this is a legacy quirk to CPAN::Meta::YAML it's ok, but I'd prefer not # to add new {read,write}_* methods to this API. sub read_string { my $self = shift; $self->_load_string(@_); } sub write_string { my $self = shift; $self->_dump_string(@_); } sub read { my $self = shift; $self->_load_file(@_); } sub write { my $self = shift; $self->_dump_file(@_); } ##################################################################### # Constants # Printed form of the unprintable characters in the lowest range # of ASCII characters, listed by ASCII ordinal position. my @UNPRINTABLE = qw( 0 x01 x02 x03 x04 x05 x06 a b t n v f r x0E x0F x10 x11 x12 x13 x14 x15 x16 x17 x18 x19 x1A e x1C x1D x1E x1F ); # Printable characters for escapes my %UNESCAPES = ( 0 => "\x00", z => "\x00", N => "\x85", a => "\x07", b => "\x08", t => "\x09", n => "\x0a", v => "\x0b", f => "\x0c", r => "\x0d", e => "\x1b", '\\' => '\\', ); # XXX-INGY # I(ngy) need to decide if these values should be quoted in # CPAN::Meta::YAML or not. Probably yes. # These 3 values have special meaning when unquoted and using the # default YAML schema. They need quotes if they are strings. my %QUOTE = map { $_ => 1 } qw{ null true false }; # The commented out form is simpler, but overloaded the Perl regex # engine due to recursion and backtracking problems on strings # larger than 32,000ish characters. Keep it for reference purposes. # qr/\"((?:\\.\|[^\"]))\"/ my $re_capture_double_quoted = qr/\"([^\\"](?:\\.[^\\"]))\"/; my $re_capture_single_quoted = qr/\'([^\'](?:\'\'[^\']))\'/; # unquoted re gets trailing space that needs to be stripped my $re_capture_unquoted_key = qr/([^:]+(?::+\S(?:[^:]\|.?(?=:))))(?=\s\:(?:\s+\|$))/; my $re_trailing_comment = qr/(?:\s+\#.)?/; my $re_key_value_separator = qr/\s:(?:\s+(?:\#.)?\|$)/; ##################################################################### # CPAN::Meta::YAML Implementation. # # These are the private methods that do all the work. They may change # at any time. ### # Loader functions: # Create an object from a file sub _load_file { my $class = ref $_[0] ? ref shift : shift; # Check the file my $file = shift or $class->_error( 'You did not specify a file name' ); $class->_error( "File '$file' does not exist" ) unless -e $file; $class->_error( "'$file' is a directory, not a file" ) unless -f _; $class->_error( "Insufficient permissions to read '$file'" ) unless -r _; # Open unbuffered with strict UTF-8 decoding and no translation layers open( my $fh, "<:unix:encoding(UTF-8)", $file ); unless ( $fh ) { $class->_error("Failed to open file '$file': $!"); } # flock if available (or warn if not possible for OS-specific reasons) if ( _can_flock() ) { flock( $fh, Fcntl::LOCK_SH() ) or warn "Couldn't lock '$file' for reading: $!"; } # slurp the contents my $contents = eval { use warnings FATAL => 'utf8'; local $/; <$fh> }; if ( my $err = $@ ) { $class->_error("Error reading from file '$file': $err"); } # close the file (release the lock) unless ( close $fh ) { $class->_error("Failed to close file '$file': $!"); } $class->_load_string( $contents ); } # Create an object from a string sub _load_string { my $class = ref $_[0] ? ref shift : shift; my $self = bless [], $class; my $string = $_[0]; eval { unless ( defined $string ) { die \"Did not provide a string to load"; } # Check if Perl has it marked as characters, but it's internally # inconsistent. E.g. maybe latin1 got read on a :utf8 layer if ( utf8::is_utf8($string) && ! utf8::valid($string) ) { die \<<'...'; Read an invalid UTF-8 string (maybe mixed UTF-8 and 8-bit character set). Did you decode with lax ":utf8" instead of strict ":encoding(UTF-8)"? ... } # Ensure Unicode character semantics, even for 0x80-0xff utf8::upgrade($string); # Check for and strip any leading UTF-8 BOM $string =~ s/^\x{FEFF}//; # Check for some special cases return $self unless length $string; # Split the file into lines my @lines = grep { ! /^\s(?:\#.)?\z/ } split /(?:\015{1,2}\012\|\015\|\012)/, $string; # Strip the initial YAML header @lines and $lines[0] =~ /^\%YAML[: ][\d\.]+.\z/ and shift @lines; # A nibbling parser my $in_document = 0; while ( @lines ) { # Do we have a document header? if ( $lines[0] =~ /^---\s(?:(.+)\s)?\z/ ) { # Handle scalar documents shift @lines; if ( defined $1 and $1 !~ /^(?:\#.+\|\%YAML[: ][\d\.]+)\z/ ) { push @$self, $self->_load_scalar( "$1", [ undef ], \@lines ); next; } $in_document = 1; } if ( ! @lines or $lines[0] =~ /^(?:---\|\.\.\.)/ ) { # A naked document push @$self, undef; while ( @lines and $lines[0] !~ /^---/ ) { shift @lines; } $in_document = 0; # XXX The final '-+$' is to look for -- which ends up being an # error later. } elsif ( ! $in_document && @$self ) { # only the first document can be explicit die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify the line '$lines[0]'"; } elsif ( $lines[0] =~ /^\s\-(?:\s\|$\|-+$)/ ) { # An array at the root my $document = [ ]; push @$self, $document; $self->_load_array( $document, [ 0 ], \@lines ); } elsif ( $lines[0] =~ /^(\s)\S/ ) { # A hash at the root my $document = { }; push @$self, $document; $self->_load_hash( $document, [ length($1) ], \@lines ); } else { # Shouldn't get here. @lines have whitespace-only lines # stripped, and previous match is a line with any # non-whitespace. So this clause should only be reachable via # a perlbug where \s is not symmetric with \S # uncoverable statement die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify the line '$lines[0]'"; } } }; my $err = $@; if ( ref $err eq 'SCALAR' ) { $self->_error(${$err}); } elsif ( $err ) { $self->_error($err); } return $self; } sub _unquote_single { my ($self, $string) = @_; return '' unless length $string; $string =~ s/\'\'/\'/g; return $string; } sub _unquote_double { my ($self, $string) = @_; return '' unless length $string; $string =~ s/\\"/"/g; $string =~ s{\\([Nnever\\fartz0b]\|x([0-9a-fA-F]{2}))} {(length($1)>1)?pack("H2",$2):$UNESCAPES{$1}}gex; return $string; } # Load a YAML scalar string to the actual Perl scalar sub _load_scalar { my ($self, $string, $indent, $lines) = @_; # Trim trailing whitespace $string =~ s/\s\z//; # Explitic null/undef return undef if $string eq '~'; # Single quote if ( $string =~ /^$re_capture_single_quoted$re_trailing_comment\z/ ) { return $self->_unquote_single($1); } # Double quote. if ( $string =~ /^$re_capture_double_quoted$re_trailing_comment\z/ ) { return $self->_unquote_double($1); } # Special cases if ( $string =~ /^[\'\"!&]/ ) { die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support a feature in line '$string'"; } return {} if $string =~ /^{}(?:\s+\#.)?\z/; return [] if $string =~ /^\[\](?:\s+\#.)?\z/; # Regular unquoted string if ( $string !~ /^[>\|]/ ) { die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML found illegal characters in plain scalar: '$string'" if $string =~ /^(?:-(?:\s\|$)\|[\@\%\`])/ or $string =~ /:(?:\s\|$)/; $string =~ s/\s+#.\z//; return $string; } # Error die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to find multi-line scalar content" unless @$lines; # Check the indent depth $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s)/; $indent->[-1] = length("$1"); if ( defined $indent->[-2] and $indent->[-1] <= $indent->[-2] ) { die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML found bad indenting in line '$lines->[0]'"; } # Pull the lines my @multiline = (); while ( @$lines ) { $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s)/; last unless length($1) >= $indent->[-1]; push @multiline, substr(shift(@$lines), length($1)); } my $j = (substr($string, 0, 1) eq '>') ? ' ' : "\n"; my $t = (substr($string, 1, 1) eq '-') ? '' : "\n"; return join( $j, @multiline ) . $t; } # Load an array sub _load_array { my ($self, $array, $indent, $lines) = @_; while ( @$lines ) { # Check for a new document if ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(?:---\|\.\.\.)/ ) { while ( @$lines and $lines->[0] !~ /^---/ ) { shift @$lines; } return 1; } # Check the indent level $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s)/; if ( length($1) < $indent->[-1] ) { return 1; } elsif ( length($1) > $indent->[-1] ) { die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML found bad indenting in line '$lines->[0]'"; } if ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s\-\s+)[^\'\"]\S\s:(?:\s+\|$)/ ) { # Inline nested hash my $indent2 = length("$1"); $lines->[0] =~ s/-/ /; push @$array, { }; $self->_load_hash( $array->[-1], [ @$indent, $indent2 ], $lines ); } elsif ( $lines->[0] =~ /^\s\-\s\z/ ) { shift @$lines; unless ( @$lines ) { push @$array, undef; return 1; } if ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s)\-/ ) { my $indent2 = length("$1"); if ( $indent->[-1] == $indent2 ) { # Null array entry push @$array, undef; } else { # Naked indenter push @$array, [ ]; $self->_load_array( $array->[-1], [ @$indent, $indent2 ], $lines ); } } elsif ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s)\S/ ) { push @$array, { }; $self->_load_hash( $array->[-1], [ @$indent, length("$1") ], $lines ); } else { die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify line '$lines->[0]'"; } } elsif ( $lines->[0] =~ /^\s\-(\s)(.+?)\s\z/ ) { # Array entry with a value shift @$lines; push @$array, $self->_load_scalar( "$2", [ @$indent, undef ], $lines ); } elsif ( defined $indent->[-2] and $indent->[-1] == $indent->[-2] ) { # This is probably a structure like the following... # --- # foo: # - list # bar: value # # ... so lets return and let the hash parser handle it return 1; } else { die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify line '$lines->[0]'"; } } return 1; } # Load a hash sub _load_hash { my ($self, $hash, $indent, $lines) = @_; while ( @$lines ) { # Check for a new document if ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(?:---\|\.\.\.)/ ) { while ( @$lines and $lines->[0] !~ /^---/ ) { shift @$lines; } return 1; } # Check the indent level $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s)/; if ( length($1) < $indent->[-1] ) { return 1; } elsif ( length($1) > $indent->[-1] ) { die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML found bad indenting in line '$lines->[0]'"; } # Find the key my $key; # Quoted keys if ( $lines->[0] =~ s/^\s$re_capture_single_quoted$re_key_value_separator// ) { $key = $self->_unquote_single($1); } elsif ( $lines->[0] =~ s/^\s$re_capture_double_quoted$re_key_value_separator// ) { $key = $self->_unquote_double($1); } elsif ( $lines->[0] =~ s/^\s$re_capture_unquoted_key$re_key_value_separator// ) { $key = $1; $key =~ s/\s+$//; } elsif ( $lines->[0] =~ /^\s\?/ ) { die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support a feature in line '$lines->[0]'"; } else { die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify line '$lines->[0]'"; } if ( exists $hash->{$key} ) { warn "CPAN::Meta::YAML found a duplicate key '$key' in line '$lines->[0]'"; } # Do we have a value? if ( length $lines->[0] ) { # Yes $hash->{$key} = $self->_load_scalar( shift(@$lines), [ @$indent, undef ], $lines ); } else { # An indent shift @$lines; unless ( @$lines ) { $hash->{$key} = undef; return 1; } if ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s)-/ ) { $hash->{$key} = []; $self->_load_array( $hash->{$key}, [ @$indent, length($1) ], $lines ); } elsif ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s)./ ) { my $indent2 = length("$1"); if ( $indent->[-1] >= $indent2 ) { # Null hash entry $hash->{$key} = undef; } else { $hash->{$key} = {}; $self->_load_hash( $hash->{$key}, [ @$indent, length($1) ], $lines ); } } } } return 1; } ### # Dumper functions: # Save an object to a file sub _dump_file { my $self = shift; require Fcntl; # Check the file my $file = shift or $self->_error( 'You did not specify a file name' ); my $fh; # flock if available (or warn if not possible for OS-specific reasons) if ( _can_flock() ) { # Open without truncation (truncate comes after lock) my $flags = Fcntl::O_WRONLY()\|Fcntl::O_CREAT(); sysopen( $fh, $file, $flags ); unless ( $fh ) { $self->_error("Failed to open file '$file' for writing: $!"); } # Use no translation and strict UTF-8 binmode( $fh, ":raw:encoding(UTF-8)"); flock( $fh, Fcntl::LOCK_EX() ) or warn "Couldn't lock '$file' for reading: $!"; # truncate and spew contents truncate $fh, 0; seek $fh, 0, 0; } else { open $fh, ">:unix:encoding(UTF-8)", $file; } # serialize and spew to the handle print {$fh} $self->_dump_string; # close the file (release the lock) unless ( close $fh ) { $self->_error("Failed to close file '$file': $!"); } return 1; } # Save an object to a string sub _dump_string { my $self = shift; return '' unless ref $self && @$self; # Iterate over the documents my $indent = 0; my @lines = (); eval { foreach my $cursor ( @$self ) { push @lines, '---'; # An empty document if ( ! defined $cursor ) { # Do nothing # A scalar document } elsif ( ! ref $cursor ) { $lines[-1] .= ' ' . $self->_dump_scalar( $cursor ); # A list at the root } elsif ( ref $cursor eq 'ARRAY' ) { unless ( @$cursor ) { $lines[-1] .= ' []'; next; } push @lines, $self->_dump_array( $cursor, $indent, {} ); # A hash at the root } elsif ( ref $cursor eq 'HASH' ) { unless ( %$cursor ) { $lines[-1] .= ' {}'; next; } push @lines, $self->_dump_hash( $cursor, $indent, {} ); } else { die \("Cannot serialize " . ref($cursor)); } } }; if ( ref $@ eq 'SCALAR' ) { $self->_error(${$@}); } elsif ( $@ ) { $self->_error($@); } join '', map { "$_\n" } @lines; } sub _has_internal_string_value { my $value = shift; my $b_obj = B::svref_2object(\$value); # for round trip problem return $b_obj->FLAGS & B::SVf_POK(); } sub _dump_scalar { my $string = $_[1]; my $is_key = $_[2]; # Check this before checking length or it winds up looking like a string! my $has_string_flag = _has_internal_string_value($string); return '~' unless defined $string; return "''" unless length $string; if (Scalar::Util::looks_like_number($string)) { # keys and values that have been used as strings get quoted if ( $is_key \|\| $has_string_flag ) { return qq['$string']; } else { return $string; } } if ( $string =~ /[\x00-\x09\x0b-\x0d\x0e-\x1f\x7f-\x9f\'\n]/ ) { $string =~ s/\\/\\\\/g; $string =~ s/"/\\"/g; $string =~ s/\n/\\n/g; $string =~ s/[\x85]/\\N/g; $string =~ s/([\x00-\x1f])/\\$UNPRINTABLE[ord($1)]/g; $string =~ s/([\x7f-\x9f])/'\x' . sprintf("%X",ord($1))/ge; return qq\|"$string"\|; } if ( $string =~ /(?:^[~!@#%&\|>?:,'"`{}\[\]]\|^-+$\|\s\|:\z)/ or $QUOTE{$string} ) { return "'$string'"; } return $string; } sub _dump_array { my ($self, $array, $indent, $seen) = @_; if ( $seen->{refaddr($array)}++ ) { die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support circular references"; } my @lines = (); foreach my $el ( @$array ) { my $line = (' ' x $indent) . '-'; my $type = ref $el; if ( ! $type ) { $line .= ' ' . $self->_dump_scalar( $el ); push @lines, $line; } elsif ( $type eq 'ARRAY' ) { if ( @$el ) { push @lines, $line; push @lines, $self->_dump_array( $el, $indent + 1, $seen ); } else { $line .= ' []'; push @lines, $line; } } elsif ( $type eq 'HASH' ) { if ( keys %$el ) { push @lines, $line; push @lines, $self->_dump_hash( $el, $indent + 1, $seen ); } else { $line .= ' {}'; push @lines, $line; } } else { die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support $type references"; } } @lines; } sub _dump_hash { my ($self, $hash, $indent, $seen) = @_; if ( $seen->{refaddr($hash)}++ ) { die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support circular references"; } my @lines = (); foreach my $name ( sort keys %$hash ) { my $el = $hash->{$name}; my $line = (' ' x $indent) . $self->_dump_scalar($name, 1) . ":"; my $type = ref $el; if ( ! $type ) { $line .= ' ' . $self->_dump_scalar( $el ); push @lines, $line; } elsif ( $type eq 'ARRAY' ) { if ( @$el ) { push @lines, $line; push @lines, $self->_dump_array( $el, $indent + 1, $seen ); } else { $line .= ' []'; push @lines, $line; } } elsif ( $type eq 'HASH' ) { if ( keys %$el ) { push @lines, $line; push @lines, $self->_dump_hash( $el, $indent + 1, $seen ); } else { $line .= ' {}'; push @lines, $line; } } else { die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support $type references"; } } @lines; } ##################################################################### # DEPRECATED API methods: # Error storage (DEPRECATED as of 1.57) our $errstr = ''; # Set error sub _error { require Carp; $errstr = $_[1]; $errstr =~ s/ at \S+ line \d+.//; Carp::croak( $errstr ); } # Retrieve error my $errstr_warned; sub errstr { require Carp; Carp::carp( "CPAN::Meta::YAML->errstr and \$CPAN::Meta::YAML::errstr is deprecated" ) unless $errstr_warned++; $errstr; } ##################################################################### # Helper functions. Possibly not needed. # Use to detect nv or iv use B; # XXX-INGY Is flock CPAN::Meta::YAML's responsibility? # Some platforms can't flock :-( # XXX-XDG I think it is. When reading and writing files, we ought # to be locking whenever possible. People (foolishly) use YAML # files for things like session storage, which has race issues. my $HAS_FLOCK; sub _can_flock { if ( defined $HAS_FLOCK ) { return $HAS_FLOCK; } else { require Config; my $c = \%Config::Config; $HAS_FLOCK = grep { $c->{$_} } qw/d_flock d_fcntl_can_lock d_lockf/; require Fcntl if $HAS_FLOCK; return $HAS_FLOCK; } } # XXX-INGY Is this core in 5.8.1? Can we remove this? # XXX-XDG Scalar::Util 1.18 didn't land until 5.8.8, so we need this ##################################################################### # Use Scalar::Util if possible, otherwise emulate it use Scalar::Util (); BEGIN { local $@; if ( eval { Scalar::Util->VERSION(1.18); } ) { refaddr = Scalar::Util::refaddr; } else { eval <<'END_PERL'; # Scalar::Util failed to load or too old sub refaddr { my $pkg = ref($_[0]) or return undef; if ( !! UNIVERSAL::can($_[0], 'can') ) { bless $_[0], 'Scalar::Util::Fake'; } else { $pkg = undef; } "$_[0]" =~ /0x(\w+)/; my $i = do { no warnings 'portable'; hex $1 }; bless $_[0], $pkg if defined $pkg; $i; } END_PERL } } delete $CPAN::Meta::YAML::{refaddr}; 1; # XXX-INGY Doc notes I'm putting up here. Changing the doc when it's wrong # but leaving grey area stuff up here. # # I would like to change Read/Write to Load/Dump below without # changing the actual API names. # # It might be better to put Load/Dump API in the SYNOPSIS instead of the # dubious OO API. # # null and bool explanations may be outdated. =pod =encoding UTF-8 =head1 NAME CPAN::Meta::YAML - Read and write a subset of YAML for CPAN Meta files =head1 VERSION version 0.018 =head1 SYNOPSIS use CPAN::Meta::YAML; # reading a META file open $fh, "<:utf8", "META.yml"; $yaml_text = do { local $/; <$fh> }; $yaml = CPAN::Meta::YAML->read_string($yaml_text) or die CPAN::Meta::YAML->errstr; # finding the metadata $meta = $yaml->[0]; # writing a META file $yaml_text = $yaml->write_string or die CPAN::Meta::YAML->errstr; open $fh, ">:utf8", "META.yml"; print $fh $yaml_text; =head1 DESCRIPTION This module implements a subset of the YAML specification for use in reading and writing CPAN metadata files like F<META.yml> and F<MYMETA.yml>. It should not be used for any other general YAML parsing or generation task. NOTE: F<META.yml> (and F<MYMETA.yml>) files should be UTF-8 encoded. Users are responsible for proper encoding and decoding. In particular, the C<read> and C<write> methods do B<not> support UTF-8 and should not be used. =head1 SUPPORT This module is currently derived from L<YAML::Tiny> by Adam Kennedy. If there are bugs in how it parses a particular META.yml file, please file a bug report in the YAML::Tiny bugtracker: L<https://github.com/Perl-Toolchain-Gang/YAML-Tiny/issues> =head1 SEE ALSO L<YAML::Tiny>, L<YAML>, L<YAML::XS> =head1 AUTHORS =over 4 =item Adam Kennedy <adamk@cpan.org> =item * David Golden <dagolden@cpan.org> =back =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE This software is copyright (c) 2010 by Adam Kennedy. This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself. =cut __END__ # ABSTRACT: Read and write a subset of YAML for CPAN Meta files Back

Edit File : YAML.pm | Size : 26.36 KB

use 5.008001; # sane UTF-8 support
use strict;
use warnings;
package CPAN::Meta::YAML; # git description: v1.68-2-gcc5324e
# XXX-INGY is 5.8.1 too old/broken for utf8?
# XXX-XDG Lancaster consensus was that it was sufficient until
# proven otherwise
$CPAN::Meta::YAML::VERSION = '0.018';
; # original $VERSION removed by Doppelgaenger

#####################################################################
# The CPAN::Meta::YAML API.
#
# These are the currently documented API functions/methods and
# exports:

use Exporter;
our @ISA       = qw{ Exporter  };
our @EXPORT    = qw{ Load Dump };
our @EXPORT_OK = qw{ LoadFile DumpFile freeze thaw };

###
# Functional/Export API:

sub Dump {
    return CPAN::Meta::YAML->new(@_)->_dump_string;
}

# XXX-INGY Returning last document seems a bad behavior.
# XXX-XDG I think first would seem more natural, but I don't know
# that it's worth changing now
sub Load {
    my $self = CPAN::Meta::YAML->_load_string(@_);
    if ( wantarray ) {
        return @$self;
    } else {
        # To match YAML.pm, return the last document
        return $self->[-1];
    }
}

# XXX-INGY Do we really need freeze and thaw?
# XXX-XDG I don't think so.  I'd support deprecating them.
BEGIN {
    *freeze = \&Dump;
    *thaw   = \&Load;
}

sub DumpFile {
    my $file = shift;
    return CPAN::Meta::YAML->new(@_)->_dump_file($file);
}

sub LoadFile {
    my $file = shift;
    my $self = CPAN::Meta::YAML->_load_file($file);
    if ( wantarray ) {
        return @$self;
    } else {
        # Return only the last document to match YAML.pm,
        return $self->[-1];
    }
}

###
# Object Oriented API:

# Create an empty CPAN::Meta::YAML object
# XXX-INGY Why do we use ARRAY object?
# NOTE: I get it now, but I think it's confusing and not needed.
# Will change it on a branch later, for review.
#
# XXX-XDG I don't support changing it yet.  It's a very well-documented
# "API" of CPAN::Meta::YAML.  I'd support deprecating it, but Adam suggested
# we not change it until YAML.pm's own OO API is established so that
# users only have one API change to digest, not two
sub new {
    my $class = shift;
    bless [ @_ ], $class;
}

# XXX-INGY It probably doesn't matter, and it's probably too late to
# change, but 'read/write' are the wrong names. Read and Write
# are actions that take data from storage to memory
# characters/strings. These take the data to/from storage to native
# Perl objects, which the terms dump and load are meant. As long as
# this is a legacy quirk to CPAN::Meta::YAML it's ok, but I'd prefer not
# to add new {read,write}_* methods to this API.

sub read_string {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->_load_string(@_);
}

sub write_string {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->_dump_string(@_);
}

sub read {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->_load_file(@_);
}

sub write {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->_dump_file(@_);
}

#####################################################################
# Constants

# Printed form of the unprintable characters in the lowest range
# of ASCII characters, listed by ASCII ordinal position.
my @UNPRINTABLE = qw(
    0    x01  x02  x03  x04  x05  x06  a
    b    t    n    v    f    r    x0E  x0F
    x10  x11  x12  x13  x14  x15  x16  x17
    x18  x19  x1A  e    x1C  x1D  x1E  x1F
);

# Printable characters for escapes
my %UNESCAPES = (
    0 => "\x00", z => "\x00", N    => "\x85",
    a => "\x07", b => "\x08", t    => "\x09",
    n => "\x0a", v => "\x0b", f    => "\x0c",
    r => "\x0d", e => "\x1b", '\\' => '\\',
);

# XXX-INGY
# I(ngy) need to decide if these values should be quoted in
# CPAN::Meta::YAML or not. Probably yes.

# These 3 values have special meaning when unquoted and using the
# default YAML schema. They need quotes if they are strings.
my %QUOTE = map { $_ => 1 } qw{
    null true false
};

# The commented out form is simpler, but overloaded the Perl regex
# engine due to recursion and backtracking problems on strings
# larger than 32,000ish characters. Keep it for reference purposes.
# qr/\"((?:\\.|[^\"])*)\"/
my $re_capture_double_quoted = qr/\"([^\\"]*(?:\\.[^\\"]*)*)\"/;
my $re_capture_single_quoted = qr/\'([^\']*(?:\'\'[^\']*)*)\'/;
# unquoted re gets trailing space that needs to be stripped
my $re_capture_unquoted_key  = qr/([^:]+(?::+\S(?:[^:]*|.*?(?=:)))*)(?=\s*\:(?:\s+|$))/;
my $re_trailing_comment      = qr/(?:\s+\#.*)?/;
my $re_key_value_separator   = qr/\s*:(?:\s+(?:\#.*)?|$)/;

#####################################################################
# CPAN::Meta::YAML Implementation.
#
# These are the private methods that do all the work. They may change
# at any time.

###
# Loader functions:

# Create an object from a file
sub _load_file {
    my $class = ref $_[0] ? ref shift : shift;

# Check the file
    my $file = shift or $class->_error( 'You did not specify a file name' );
    $class->_error( "File '$file' does not exist" )
        unless -e $file;
    $class->_error( "'$file' is a directory, not a file" )
        unless -f _;
    $class->_error( "Insufficient permissions to read '$file'" )
        unless -r _;

# Open unbuffered with strict UTF-8 decoding and no translation layers
    open( my $fh, "<:unix:encoding(UTF-8)", $file );
    unless ( $fh ) {
        $class->_error("Failed to open file '$file': $!");
    }

# flock if available (or warn if not possible for OS-specific reasons)
    if ( _can_flock() ) {
        flock( $fh, Fcntl::LOCK_SH() )
            or warn "Couldn't lock '$file' for reading: $!";
    }

# slurp the contents
    my $contents = eval {
        use warnings FATAL => 'utf8';
        local $/;
        <$fh>
    };
    if ( my $err = $@ ) {
        $class->_error("Error reading from file '$file': $err");
    }

# close the file (release the lock)
    unless ( close $fh ) {
        $class->_error("Failed to close file '$file': $!");
    }

$class->_load_string( $contents );
}

# Create an object from a string
sub _load_string {
    my $class  = ref $_[0] ? ref shift : shift;
    my $self   = bless [], $class;
    my $string = $_[0];
    eval {
        unless ( defined $string ) {
            die \"Did not provide a string to load";
        }

# Check if Perl has it marked as characters, but it's internally
        # inconsistent.  E.g. maybe latin1 got read on a :utf8 layer
        if ( utf8::is_utf8($string) && ! utf8::valid($string) ) {
            die \<<'...';
Read an invalid UTF-8 string (maybe mixed UTF-8 and 8-bit character set).
Did you decode with lax ":utf8" instead of strict ":encoding(UTF-8)"?
...
        }

# Ensure Unicode character semantics, even for 0x80-0xff
        utf8::upgrade($string);

# Check for and strip any leading UTF-8 BOM
        $string =~ s/^\x{FEFF}//;

# Check for some special cases
        return $self unless length $string;

# Split the file into lines
        my @lines = grep { ! /^\s*(?:\#.*)?\z/ }
                split /(?:\015{1,2}\012|\015|\012)/, $string;

# Strip the initial YAML header
        @lines and $lines[0] =~ /^\%YAML[: ][\d\.]+.*\z/ and shift @lines;

# A nibbling parser
        my $in_document = 0;
        while ( @lines ) {
            # Do we have a document header?
            if ( $lines[0] =~ /^---\s*(?:(.+)\s*)?\z/ ) {
                # Handle scalar documents
                shift @lines;
                if ( defined $1 and $1 !~ /^(?:\#.+|\%YAML[: ][\d\.]+)\z/ ) {
                    push @$self,
                        $self->_load_scalar( "$1", [ undef ], \@lines );
                    next;
                }
                $in_document = 1;
            }

if ( ! @lines or $lines[0] =~ /^(?:---|\.\.\.)/ ) {
                # A naked document
                push @$self, undef;
                while ( @lines and $lines[0] !~ /^---/ ) {
                    shift @lines;
                }
                $in_document = 0;

# XXX The final '-+$' is to look for -- which ends up being an
            # error later.
            } elsif ( ! $in_document && @$self ) {
                # only the first document can be explicit
                die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify the line '$lines[0]'";
            } elsif ( $lines[0] =~ /^\s*\-(?:\s|$|-+$)/ ) {
                # An array at the root
                my $document = [ ];
                push @$self, $document;
                $self->_load_array( $document, [ 0 ], \@lines );

} elsif ( $lines[0] =~ /^(\s*)\S/ ) {
                # A hash at the root
                my $document = { };
                push @$self, $document;
                $self->_load_hash( $document, [ length($1) ], \@lines );

} else {
                # Shouldn't get here.  @lines have whitespace-only lines
                # stripped, and previous match is a line with any
                # non-whitespace.  So this clause should only be reachable via
                # a perlbug where \s is not symmetric with \S

# uncoverable statement
                die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify the line '$lines[0]'";
            }
        }
    };
    my $err = $@;
    if ( ref $err eq 'SCALAR' ) {
        $self->_error(${$err});
    } elsif ( $err ) {
        $self->_error($err);
    }

return $self;
}

sub _unquote_single {
    my ($self, $string) = @_;
    return '' unless length $string;
    $string =~ s/\'\'/\'/g;
    return $string;
}

sub _unquote_double {
    my ($self, $string) = @_;
    return '' unless length $string;
    $string =~ s/\\"/"/g;
    $string =~
        s{\\([Nnever\\fartz0b]|x([0-9a-fA-F]{2}))}
         {(length($1)>1)?pack("H2",$2):$UNESCAPES{$1}}gex;
    return $string;
}

# Load a YAML scalar string to the actual Perl scalar
sub _load_scalar {
    my ($self, $string, $indent, $lines) = @_;

# Trim trailing whitespace
    $string =~ s/\s*\z//;

# Explitic null/undef
    return undef if $string eq '~';

# Single quote
    if ( $string =~ /^$re_capture_single_quoted$re_trailing_comment\z/ ) {
        return $self->_unquote_single($1);
    }

# Double quote.
    if ( $string =~ /^$re_capture_double_quoted$re_trailing_comment\z/ ) {
        return $self->_unquote_double($1);
    }

# Special cases
    if ( $string =~ /^[\'\"!&]/ ) {
        die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support a feature in line '$string'";
    }
    return {} if $string =~ /^{}(?:\s+\#.*)?\z/;
    return [] if $string =~ /^\[\](?:\s+\#.*)?\z/;

# Regular unquoted string
    if ( $string !~ /^[>|]/ ) {
        die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML found illegal characters in plain scalar: '$string'"
            if $string =~ /^(?:-(?:\s|$)|[\@\%\`])/ or
                $string =~ /:(?:\s|$)/;
        $string =~ s/\s+#.*\z//;
        return $string;
    }

# Error
    die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to find multi-line scalar content" unless @$lines;

# Check the indent depth
    $lines->[0]   =~ /^(\s*)/;
    $indent->[-1] = length("$1");
    if ( defined $indent->[-2] and $indent->[-1] <= $indent->[-2] ) {
        die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML found bad indenting in line '$lines->[0]'";
    }

# Pull the lines
    my @multiline = ();
    while ( @$lines ) {
        $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s*)/;
        last unless length($1) >= $indent->[-1];
        push @multiline, substr(shift(@$lines), length($1));
    }

my $j = (substr($string, 0, 1) eq '>') ? ' ' : "\n";
    my $t = (substr($string, 1, 1) eq '-') ? ''  : "\n";
    return join( $j, @multiline ) . $t;
}

# Load an array
sub _load_array {
    my ($self, $array, $indent, $lines) = @_;

while ( @$lines ) {
        # Check for a new document
        if ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(?:---|\.\.\.)/ ) {
            while ( @$lines and $lines->[0] !~ /^---/ ) {
                shift @$lines;
            }
            return 1;
        }

# Check the indent level
        $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s*)/;
        if ( length($1) < $indent->[-1] ) {
            return 1;
        } elsif ( length($1) > $indent->[-1] ) {
            die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML found bad indenting in line '$lines->[0]'";
        }

if ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s*\-\s+)[^\'\"]\S*\s*:(?:\s+|$)/ ) {
            # Inline nested hash
            my $indent2 = length("$1");
            $lines->[0] =~ s/-/ /;
            push @$array, { };
            $self->_load_hash( $array->[-1], [ @$indent, $indent2 ], $lines );

} elsif ( $lines->[0] =~ /^\s*\-\s*\z/ ) {
            shift @$lines;
            unless ( @$lines ) {
                push @$array, undef;
                return 1;
            }
            if ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s*)\-/ ) {
                my $indent2 = length("$1");
                if ( $indent->[-1] == $indent2 ) {
                    # Null array entry
                    push @$array, undef;
                } else {
                    # Naked indenter
                    push @$array, [ ];
                    $self->_load_array(
                        $array->[-1], [ @$indent, $indent2 ], $lines
                    );
                }

} elsif ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s*)\S/ ) {
                push @$array, { };
                $self->_load_hash(
                    $array->[-1], [ @$indent, length("$1") ], $lines
                );

} else {
                die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify line '$lines->[0]'";
            }

} elsif ( $lines->[0] =~ /^\s*\-(\s*)(.+?)\s*\z/ ) {
            # Array entry with a value
            shift @$lines;
            push @$array, $self->_load_scalar(
                "$2", [ @$indent, undef ], $lines
            );

} elsif ( defined $indent->[-2] and $indent->[-1] == $indent->[-2] ) {
            # This is probably a structure like the following...
            # ---
            # foo:
            # - list
            # bar: value
            #
            # ... so lets return and let the hash parser handle it
            return 1;

} else {
            die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify line '$lines->[0]'";
        }
    }

return 1;
}

# Load a hash
sub _load_hash {
    my ($self, $hash, $indent, $lines) = @_;

# Find the key
        my $key;

# Quoted keys
        if ( $lines->[0] =~
            s/^\s*$re_capture_single_quoted$re_key_value_separator//
        ) {
            $key = $self->_unquote_single($1);
        }
        elsif ( $lines->[0] =~
            s/^\s*$re_capture_double_quoted$re_key_value_separator//
        ) {
            $key = $self->_unquote_double($1);
        }
        elsif ( $lines->[0] =~
            s/^\s*$re_capture_unquoted_key$re_key_value_separator//
        ) {
            $key = $1;
            $key =~ s/\s+$//;
        }
        elsif ( $lines->[0] =~ /^\s*\?/ ) {
            die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support a feature in line '$lines->[0]'";
        }
        else {
            die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify line '$lines->[0]'";
        }

if ( exists $hash->{$key} ) {
            warn "CPAN::Meta::YAML found a duplicate key '$key' in line '$lines->[0]'";
        }

# Do we have a value?
        if ( length $lines->[0] ) {
            # Yes
            $hash->{$key} = $self->_load_scalar(
                shift(@$lines), [ @$indent, undef ], $lines
            );
        } else {
            # An indent
            shift @$lines;
            unless ( @$lines ) {
                $hash->{$key} = undef;
                return 1;
            }
            if ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s*)-/ ) {
                $hash->{$key} = [];
                $self->_load_array(
                    $hash->{$key}, [ @$indent, length($1) ], $lines
                );
            } elsif ( $lines->[0] =~ /^(\s*)./ ) {
                my $indent2 = length("$1");
                if ( $indent->[-1] >= $indent2 ) {
                    # Null hash entry
                    $hash->{$key} = undef;
                } else {
                    $hash->{$key} = {};
                    $self->_load_hash(
                        $hash->{$key}, [ @$indent, length($1) ], $lines
                    );
                }
            }
        }
    }

return 1;
}

###
# Dumper functions:

# Save an object to a file
sub _dump_file {
    my $self = shift;

require Fcntl;

# Check the file
    my $file = shift or $self->_error( 'You did not specify a file name' );

my $fh;
    # flock if available (or warn if not possible for OS-specific reasons)
    if ( _can_flock() ) {
        # Open without truncation (truncate comes after lock)
        my $flags = Fcntl::O_WRONLY()|Fcntl::O_CREAT();
        sysopen( $fh, $file, $flags );
        unless ( $fh ) {
            $self->_error("Failed to open file '$file' for writing: $!");
        }

# Use no translation and strict UTF-8
        binmode( $fh, ":raw:encoding(UTF-8)");

flock( $fh, Fcntl::LOCK_EX() )
            or warn "Couldn't lock '$file' for reading: $!";

# truncate and spew contents
        truncate $fh, 0;
        seek $fh, 0, 0;
    }
    else {
        open $fh, ">:unix:encoding(UTF-8)", $file;
    }

# serialize and spew to the handle
    print {$fh} $self->_dump_string;

# close the file (release the lock)
    unless ( close $fh ) {
        $self->_error("Failed to close file '$file': $!");
    }

return 1;
}

# Save an object to a string
sub _dump_string {
    my $self = shift;
    return '' unless ref $self && @$self;

# Iterate over the documents
    my $indent = 0;
    my @lines  = ();

eval {
        foreach my $cursor ( @$self ) {
            push @lines, '---';

# An empty document
            if ( ! defined $cursor ) {
                # Do nothing

# A scalar document
            } elsif ( ! ref $cursor ) {
                $lines[-1] .= ' ' . $self->_dump_scalar( $cursor );

# A list at the root
            } elsif ( ref $cursor eq 'ARRAY' ) {
                unless ( @$cursor ) {
                    $lines[-1] .= ' []';
                    next;
                }
                push @lines, $self->_dump_array( $cursor, $indent, {} );

# A hash at the root
            } elsif ( ref $cursor eq 'HASH' ) {
                unless ( %$cursor ) {
                    $lines[-1] .= ' {}';
                    next;
                }
                push @lines, $self->_dump_hash( $cursor, $indent, {} );

} else {
                die \("Cannot serialize " . ref($cursor));
            }
        }
    };
    if ( ref $@ eq 'SCALAR' ) {
        $self->_error(${$@});
    } elsif ( $@ ) {
        $self->_error($@);
    }

join '', map { "$_\n" } @lines;
}

sub _has_internal_string_value {
    my $value = shift;
    my $b_obj = B::svref_2object(\$value);  # for round trip problem
    return $b_obj->FLAGS & B::SVf_POK();
}

sub _dump_scalar {
    my $string = $_[1];
    my $is_key = $_[2];
    # Check this before checking length or it winds up looking like a string!
    my $has_string_flag = _has_internal_string_value($string);
    return '~'  unless defined $string;
    return "''" unless length  $string;
    if (Scalar::Util::looks_like_number($string)) {
        # keys and values that have been used as strings get quoted
        if ( $is_key || $has_string_flag ) {
            return qq['$string'];
        }
        else {
            return $string;
        }
    }
    if ( $string =~ /[\x00-\x09\x0b-\x0d\x0e-\x1f\x7f-\x9f\'\n]/ ) {
        $string =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
        $string =~ s/"/\\"/g;
        $string =~ s/\n/\\n/g;
        $string =~ s/[\x85]/\\N/g;
        $string =~ s/([\x00-\x1f])/\\$UNPRINTABLE[ord($1)]/g;
        $string =~ s/([\x7f-\x9f])/'\x' . sprintf("%X",ord($1))/ge;
        return qq|"$string"|;
    }
    if ( $string =~ /(?:^[~!@#%&*|>?:,'"`{}\[\]]|^-+$|\s|:\z)/ or
        $QUOTE{$string}
    ) {
        return "'$string'";
    }
    return $string;
}

sub _dump_array {
    my ($self, $array, $indent, $seen) = @_;
    if ( $seen->{refaddr($array)}++ ) {
        die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support circular references";
    }
    my @lines  = ();
    foreach my $el ( @$array ) {
        my $line = ('  ' x $indent) . '-';
        my $type = ref $el;
        if ( ! $type ) {
            $line .= ' ' . $self->_dump_scalar( $el );
            push @lines, $line;

} elsif ( $type eq 'ARRAY' ) {
            if ( @$el ) {
                push @lines, $line;
                push @lines, $self->_dump_array( $el, $indent + 1, $seen );
            } else {
                $line .= ' []';
                push @lines, $line;
            }

} elsif ( $type eq 'HASH' ) {
            if ( keys %$el ) {
                push @lines, $line;
                push @lines, $self->_dump_hash( $el, $indent + 1, $seen );
            } else {
                $line .= ' {}';
                push @lines, $line;
            }

} else {
            die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support $type references";
        }
    }

@lines;
}

sub _dump_hash {
    my ($self, $hash, $indent, $seen) = @_;
    if ( $seen->{refaddr($hash)}++ ) {
        die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support circular references";
    }
    my @lines  = ();
    foreach my $name ( sort keys %$hash ) {
        my $el   = $hash->{$name};
        my $line = ('  ' x $indent) . $self->_dump_scalar($name, 1) . ":";
        my $type = ref $el;
        if ( ! $type ) {
            $line .= ' ' . $self->_dump_scalar( $el );
            push @lines, $line;

} else {
            die \"CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support $type references";
        }
    }

@lines;
}

#####################################################################
# DEPRECATED API methods:

# Error storage (DEPRECATED as of 1.57)
our $errstr    = '';

# Set error
sub _error {
    require Carp;
    $errstr = $_[1];
    $errstr =~ s/ at \S+ line \d+.*//;
    Carp::croak( $errstr );
}

# Retrieve error
my $errstr_warned;
sub errstr {
    require Carp;
    Carp::carp( "CPAN::Meta::YAML->errstr and \$CPAN::Meta::YAML::errstr is deprecated" )
        unless $errstr_warned++;
    $errstr;
}

#####################################################################
# Helper functions. Possibly not needed.

# Use to detect nv or iv
use B;

# XXX-INGY Is flock CPAN::Meta::YAML's responsibility?
# Some platforms can't flock :-(
# XXX-XDG I think it is.  When reading and writing files, we ought
# to be locking whenever possible.  People (foolishly) use YAML
# files for things like session storage, which has race issues.
my $HAS_FLOCK;
sub _can_flock {
    if ( defined $HAS_FLOCK ) {
        return $HAS_FLOCK;
    }
    else {
        require Config;
        my $c = \%Config::Config;
        $HAS_FLOCK = grep { $c->{$_} } qw/d_flock d_fcntl_can_lock d_lockf/;
        require Fcntl if $HAS_FLOCK;
        return $HAS_FLOCK;
    }
}

# XXX-INGY Is this core in 5.8.1? Can we remove this?
# XXX-XDG Scalar::Util 1.18 didn't land until 5.8.8, so we need this
#####################################################################
# Use Scalar::Util if possible, otherwise emulate it

use Scalar::Util ();
BEGIN {
    local $@;
    if ( eval { Scalar::Util->VERSION(1.18); } ) {
        *refaddr = *Scalar::Util::refaddr;
    }
    else {
        eval <<'END_PERL';
# Scalar::Util failed to load or too old
sub refaddr {
    my $pkg = ref($_[0]) or return undef;
    if ( !! UNIVERSAL::can($_[0], 'can') ) {
        bless $_[0], 'Scalar::Util::Fake';
    } else {
        $pkg = undef;
    }
    "$_[0]" =~ /0x(\w+)/;
    my $i = do { no warnings 'portable'; hex $1 };
    bless $_[0], $pkg if defined $pkg;
    $i;
}
END_PERL
    }
}

delete $CPAN::Meta::YAML::{refaddr};

# XXX-INGY Doc notes I'm putting up here. Changing the doc when it's wrong
# but leaving grey area stuff up here.
#
# I would like to change Read/Write to Load/Dump below without
# changing the actual API names.
#
# It might be better to put Load/Dump API in the SYNOPSIS instead of the
# dubious OO API.
#
# null and bool explanations may be outdated.

=pod

=encoding UTF-8

=head1 NAME

CPAN::Meta::YAML - Read and write a subset of YAML for CPAN Meta files

=head1 VERSION

version 0.018

=head1 SYNOPSIS

use CPAN::Meta::YAML;

# reading a META file
    open $fh, "<:utf8", "META.yml";
    $yaml_text = do { local $/; <$fh> };
    $yaml = CPAN::Meta::YAML->read_string($yaml_text)
      or die CPAN::Meta::YAML->errstr;

# finding the metadata
    $meta = $yaml->[0];

# writing a META file
    $yaml_text = $yaml->write_string
      or die CPAN::Meta::YAML->errstr;
    open $fh, ">:utf8", "META.yml";
    print $fh $yaml_text;

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module implements a subset of the YAML specification for use in reading
and writing CPAN metadata files like F<META.yml> and F<MYMETA.yml>.  It should
not be used for any other general YAML parsing or generation task.

NOTE: F<META.yml> (and F<MYMETA.yml>) files should be UTF-8 encoded.  Users are
responsible for proper encoding and decoding.  In particular, the C<read> and
C<write> methods do B<not> support UTF-8 and should not be used.

=head1 SUPPORT

This module is currently derived from L<YAML::Tiny> by Adam Kennedy.  If
there are bugs in how it parses a particular META.yml file, please file
a bug report in the YAML::Tiny bugtracker:
L<https://github.com/Perl-Toolchain-Gang/YAML-Tiny/issues>

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<YAML::Tiny>, L<YAML>, L<YAML::XS>

=head1 AUTHORS

=over 4

=item *

Adam Kennedy <adamk@cpan.org>

=item *

David Golden <dagolden@cpan.org>

=back

=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.

=cut

__END__

# ABSTRACT: Read and write a subset of YAML for CPAN Meta files

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