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Edit File : __init__.py \| Size : 26.55 KB
from __future__ import absolute_import from collections import deque import contextlib import errno import io import locale # we have a submodule named 'logging' which would shadow this if we used the # regular name: import logging as std_logging import re import os import posixpath import shutil import stat import subprocess import sys import tarfile import zipfile from pip.exceptions import InstallationError from pip.compat import console_to_str, expanduser, stdlib_pkgs from pip.locations import ( site_packages, user_site, running_under_virtualenv, virtualenv_no_global, write_delete_marker_file, ) from pip._vendor import pkg_resources from pip._vendor.six.moves import input from pip._vendor.six import PY2 from pip._vendor.retrying import retry if PY2: from io import BytesIO as StringIO else: from io import StringIO __all__ = ['rmtree', 'display_path', 'backup_dir', 'ask', 'splitext', 'format_size', 'is_installable_dir', 'is_svn_page', 'file_contents', 'split_leading_dir', 'has_leading_dir', 'normalize_path', 'renames', 'get_terminal_size', 'get_prog', 'unzip_file', 'untar_file', 'unpack_file', 'call_subprocess', 'captured_stdout', 'ensure_dir', 'ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS', 'SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS', 'get_installed_version'] logger = std_logging.getLogger(__name__) BZ2_EXTENSIONS = ('.tar.bz2', '.tbz') XZ_EXTENSIONS = ('.tar.xz', '.txz', '.tlz', '.tar.lz', '.tar.lzma') ZIP_EXTENSIONS = ('.zip', '.whl') TAR_EXTENSIONS = ('.tar.gz', '.tgz', '.tar') ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS = ( ZIP_EXTENSIONS + BZ2_EXTENSIONS + TAR_EXTENSIONS + XZ_EXTENSIONS) SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS = ZIP_EXTENSIONS + TAR_EXTENSIONS try: import bz2 # noqa SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS += BZ2_EXTENSIONS except ImportError: logger.debug('bz2 module is not available') try: # Only for Python 3.3+ import lzma # noqa SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS += XZ_EXTENSIONS except ImportError: logger.debug('lzma module is not available') def import_or_raise(pkg_or_module_string, ExceptionType, args, kwargs): try: return __import__(pkg_or_module_string) except ImportError: raise ExceptionType(args, *kwargs) def ensure_dir(path): """os.path.makedirs without EEXIST.""" try: os.makedirs(path) except OSError as e: if e.errno != errno.EEXIST: raise def get_prog(): try: if os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]) in ('__main__.py', '-c'): return "%s -m pip" % sys.executable except (AttributeError, TypeError, IndexError): pass return 'pip' # Retry every half second for up to 3 seconds @retry(stop_max_delay=3000, wait_fixed=500) def rmtree(dir, ignore_errors=False): shutil.rmtree(dir, ignore_errors=ignore_errors, onerror=rmtree_errorhandler) def rmtree_errorhandler(func, path, exc_info): """On Windows, the files in .svn are read-only, so when rmtree() tries to remove them, an exception is thrown. We catch that here, remove the read-only attribute, and hopefully continue without problems.""" # if file type currently read only if os.stat(path).st_mode & stat.S_IREAD: # convert to read/write os.chmod(path, stat.S_IWRITE) # use the original function to repeat the operation func(path) return else: raise def display_path(path): """Gives the display value for a given path, making it relative to cwd if possible.""" path = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(path)) if sys.version_info[0] == 2: path = path.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding(), 'replace') path = path.encode(sys.getdefaultencoding(), 'replace') if path.startswith(os.getcwd() + os.path.sep): path = '.' + path[len(os.getcwd()):] return path def backup_dir(dir, ext='.bak'): """Figure out the name of a directory to back up the given dir to (adding .bak, .bak2, etc)""" n = 1 extension = ext while os.path.exists(dir + extension): n += 1 extension = ext + str(n) return dir + extension def ask_path_exists(message, options): for action in os.environ.get('PIP_EXISTS_ACTION', '').split(): if action in options: return action return ask(message, options) def ask(message, options): """Ask the message interactively, with the given possible responses""" while 1: if os.environ.get('PIP_NO_INPUT'): raise Exception( 'No input was expected ($PIP_NO_INPUT set); question: %s' % message ) response = input(message) response = response.strip().lower() if response not in options: print( 'Your response (%r) was not one of the expected responses: ' '%s' % (response, ', '.join(options)) ) else: return response def format_size(bytes): if bytes > 1000 1000: return '%.1fMB' % (bytes / 1000.0 / 1000) elif bytes > 10 * 1000: return '%ikB' % (bytes / 1000) elif bytes > 1000: return '%.1fkB' % (bytes / 1000.0) else: return '%ibytes' % bytes def is_installable_dir(path): """Return True if `path` is a directory containing a setup.py file.""" if not os.path.isdir(path): return False setup_py = os.path.join(path, 'setup.py') if os.path.isfile(setup_py): return True return False def is_svn_page(html): """ Returns true if the page appears to be the index page of an svn repository """ return (re.search(r'<title>[^<]Revision \d+:', html) and re.search(r'Powered by (?:<a[^>]?>)?Subversion', html, re.I)) def file_contents(filename): with open(filename, 'rb') as fp: return fp.read().decode('utf-8') def read_chunks(file, size=io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE): """Yield pieces of data from a file-like object until EOF.""" while True: chunk = file.read(size) if not chunk: break yield chunk def split_leading_dir(path): path = path.lstrip('/').lstrip('\\') if '/' in path and (('\\' in path and path.find('/') < path.find('\\')) or '\\' not in path): return path.split('/', 1) elif '\\' in path: return path.split('\\', 1) else: return path, '' def has_leading_dir(paths): """Returns true if all the paths have the same leading path name (i.e., everything is in one subdirectory in an archive)""" common_prefix = None for path in paths: prefix, rest = split_leading_dir(path) if not prefix: return False elif common_prefix is None: common_prefix = prefix elif prefix != common_prefix: return False return True def normalize_path(path, resolve_symlinks=True): """ Convert a path to its canonical, case-normalized, absolute version. """ path = expanduser(path) if resolve_symlinks: path = os.path.realpath(path) else: path = os.path.abspath(path) return os.path.normcase(path) def splitext(path): """Like os.path.splitext, but take off .tar too""" base, ext = posixpath.splitext(path) if base.lower().endswith('.tar'): ext = base[-4:] + ext base = base[:-4] return base, ext def renames(old, new): """Like os.renames(), but handles renaming across devices.""" # Implementation borrowed from os.renames(). head, tail = os.path.split(new) if head and tail and not os.path.exists(head): os.makedirs(head) shutil.move(old, new) head, tail = os.path.split(old) if head and tail: try: os.removedirs(head) except OSError: pass def is_local(path): """ Return True if path is within sys.prefix, if we're running in a virtualenv. If we're not in a virtualenv, all paths are considered "local." """ if not running_under_virtualenv(): return True return normalize_path(path).startswith(normalize_path(sys.prefix)) def dist_is_local(dist): """ Return True if given Distribution object is installed locally (i.e. within current virtualenv). Always True if we're not in a virtualenv. """ return is_local(dist_location(dist)) def dist_in_usersite(dist): """ Return True if given Distribution is installed in user site. """ norm_path = normalize_path(dist_location(dist)) return norm_path.startswith(normalize_path(user_site)) def dist_in_site_packages(dist): """ Return True if given Distribution is installed in distutils.sysconfig.get_python_lib(). """ return normalize_path( dist_location(dist) ).startswith(normalize_path(site_packages)) def dist_is_editable(dist): """Is distribution an editable install?""" for path_item in sys.path: egg_link = os.path.join(path_item, dist.project_name + '.egg-link') if os.path.isfile(egg_link): return True return False def get_installed_distributions(local_only=True, skip=stdlib_pkgs, include_editables=True, editables_only=False, user_only=False): """ Return a list of installed Distribution objects. If ``local_only`` is True (default), only return installations local to the current virtualenv, if in a virtualenv. ``skip`` argument is an iterable of lower-case project names to ignore; defaults to stdlib_pkgs If ``editables`` is False, don't report editables. If ``editables_only`` is True , only report editables. If ``user_only`` is True , only report installations in the user site directory. """ if local_only: local_test = dist_is_local else: def local_test(d): return True if include_editables: def editable_test(d): return True else: def editable_test(d): return not dist_is_editable(d) if editables_only: def editables_only_test(d): return dist_is_editable(d) else: def editables_only_test(d): return True if user_only: user_test = dist_in_usersite else: def user_test(d): return True return [d for d in pkg_resources.working_set if local_test(d) and d.key not in skip and editable_test(d) and editables_only_test(d) and user_test(d) ] def egg_link_path(dist): """ Return the path for the .egg-link file if it exists, otherwise, None. There's 3 scenarios: 1) not in a virtualenv try to find in site.USER_SITE, then site_packages 2) in a no-global virtualenv try to find in site_packages 3) in a yes-global virtualenv try to find in site_packages, then site.USER_SITE (don't look in global location) For #1 and #3, there could be odd cases, where there's an egg-link in 2 locations. This method will just return the first one found. """ sites = [] if running_under_virtualenv(): if virtualenv_no_global(): sites.append(site_packages) else: sites.append(site_packages) if user_site: sites.append(user_site) else: if user_site: sites.append(user_site) sites.append(site_packages) for site in sites: egglink = os.path.join(site, dist.project_name) + '.egg-link' if os.path.isfile(egglink): return egglink def dist_location(dist): """ Get the site-packages location of this distribution. Generally this is dist.location, except in the case of develop-installed packages, where dist.location is the source code location, and we want to know where the egg-link file is. """ egg_link = egg_link_path(dist) if egg_link: return egg_link return dist.location def get_terminal_size(): """Returns a tuple (x, y) representing the width(x) and the height(x) in characters of the terminal window.""" def ioctl_GWINSZ(fd): try: import fcntl import termios import struct cr = struct.unpack( 'hh', fcntl.ioctl(fd, termios.TIOCGWINSZ, '1234') ) except: return None if cr == (0, 0): return None return cr cr = ioctl_GWINSZ(0) or ioctl_GWINSZ(1) or ioctl_GWINSZ(2) if not cr: try: fd = os.open(os.ctermid(), os.O_RDONLY) cr = ioctl_GWINSZ(fd) os.close(fd) except: pass if not cr: cr = (os.environ.get('LINES', 25), os.environ.get('COLUMNS', 80)) return int(cr[1]), int(cr[0]) def current_umask(): """Get the current umask which involves having to set it temporarily.""" mask = os.umask(0) os.umask(mask) return mask def unzip_file(filename, location, flatten=True): """ Unzip the file (with path `filename`) to the destination `location`. All files are written based on system defaults and umask (i.e. permissions are not preserved), except that regular file members with any execute permissions (user, group, or world) have "chmod +x" applied after being written. Note that for windows, any execute changes using os.chmod are no-ops per the python docs. """ ensure_dir(location) zipfp = open(filename, 'rb') try: zip = zipfile.ZipFile(zipfp, allowZip64=True) leading = has_leading_dir(zip.namelist()) and flatten for info in zip.infolist(): name = info.filename data = zip.read(name) fn = name if leading: fn = split_leading_dir(name)[1] fn = os.path.join(location, fn) dir = os.path.dirname(fn) if fn.endswith('/') or fn.endswith('\\'): # A directory ensure_dir(fn) else: ensure_dir(dir) fp = open(fn, 'wb') try: fp.write(data) finally: fp.close() mode = info.external_attr >> 16 # if mode and regular file and any execute permissions for # user/group/world? if mode and stat.S_ISREG(mode) and mode & 0o111: # make dest file have execute for user/group/world # (chmod +x) no-op on windows per python docs os.chmod(fn, (0o777 - current_umask() \| 0o111)) finally: zipfp.close() def untar_file(filename, location): """ Untar the file (with path `filename`) to the destination `location`. All files are written based on system defaults and umask (i.e. permissions are not preserved), except that regular file members with any execute permissions (user, group, or world) have "chmod +x" applied after being written. Note that for windows, any execute changes using os.chmod are no-ops per the python docs. """ ensure_dir(location) if filename.lower().endswith('.gz') or filename.lower().endswith('.tgz'): mode = 'r:gz' elif filename.lower().endswith(BZ2_EXTENSIONS): mode = 'r:bz2' elif filename.lower().endswith(XZ_EXTENSIONS): mode = 'r:xz' elif filename.lower().endswith('.tar'): mode = 'r' else: logger.warning( 'Cannot determine compression type for file %s', filename, ) mode = 'r:' tar = tarfile.open(filename, mode) try: # note: python<=2.5 doesn't seem to know about pax headers, filter them leading = has_leading_dir([ member.name for member in tar.getmembers() if member.name != 'pax_global_header' ]) for member in tar.getmembers(): fn = member.name if fn == 'pax_global_header': continue if leading: fn = split_leading_dir(fn)[1] path = os.path.join(location, fn) if member.isdir(): ensure_dir(path) elif member.issym(): try: tar._extract_member(member, path) except Exception as exc: # Some corrupt tar files seem to produce this # (specifically bad symlinks) logger.warning( 'In the tar file %s the member %s is invalid: %s', filename, member.name, exc, ) continue else: try: fp = tar.extractfile(member) except (KeyError, AttributeError) as exc: # Some corrupt tar files seem to produce this # (specifically bad symlinks) logger.warning( 'In the tar file %s the member %s is invalid: %s', filename, member.name, exc, ) continue ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(path)) with open(path, 'wb') as destfp: shutil.copyfileobj(fp, destfp) fp.close() # Update the timestamp (useful for cython compiled files) tar.utime(member, path) # member have any execute permissions for user/group/world? if member.mode & 0o111: # make dest file have execute for user/group/world # no-op on windows per python docs os.chmod(path, (0o777 - current_umask() \| 0o111)) finally: tar.close() def unpack_file(filename, location, content_type, link): filename = os.path.realpath(filename) if (content_type == 'application/zip' or filename.lower().endswith(ZIP_EXTENSIONS) or zipfile.is_zipfile(filename)): unzip_file( filename, location, flatten=not filename.endswith('.whl') ) elif (content_type == 'application/x-gzip' or tarfile.is_tarfile(filename) or filename.lower().endswith( TAR_EXTENSIONS + BZ2_EXTENSIONS + XZ_EXTENSIONS)): untar_file(filename, location) elif (content_type and content_type.startswith('text/html') and is_svn_page(file_contents(filename))): # We don't really care about this from pip.vcs.subversion import Subversion Subversion('svn+' + link.url).unpack(location) else: # FIXME: handle? # FIXME: magic signatures? logger.critical( 'Cannot unpack file %s (downloaded from %s, content-type: %s); ' 'cannot detect archive format', filename, location, content_type, ) raise InstallationError( 'Cannot determine archive format of %s' % location ) def call_subprocess(cmd, show_stdout=True, cwd=None, on_returncode='raise', command_desc=None, extra_environ=None, spinner=None): # This function's handling of subprocess output is confusing and I # previously broke it terribly, so as penance I will write a long comment # explaining things. # # The obvious thing that affects output is the show_stdout= # kwarg. show_stdout=True means, let the subprocess write directly to our # stdout. Even though it is nominally the default, it is almost never used # inside pip (and should not be used in new code without a very good # reason); as of 2016-02-22 it is only used in a few places inside the VCS # wrapper code. Ideally we should get rid of it entirely, because it # creates a lot of complexity here for a rarely used feature. # # Most places in pip set show_stdout=False. What this means is: # - We connect the child stdout to a pipe, which we read. # - By default, we hide the output but show a spinner -- unless the # subprocess exits with an error, in which case we show the output. # - If the --verbose option was passed (= loglevel is DEBUG), then we show # the output unconditionally. (But in this case we don't want to show # the output a second time if it turns out that there was an error.) # # stderr is always merged with stdout (even if show_stdout=True). if show_stdout: stdout = None else: stdout = subprocess.PIPE if command_desc is None: cmd_parts = [] for part in cmd: if ' ' in part or '\n' in part or '"' in part or "'" in part: part = '"%s"' % part.replace('"', '\\"') cmd_parts.append(part) command_desc = ' '.join(cmd_parts) logger.debug("Running command %s", command_desc) env = os.environ.copy() if extra_environ: env.update(extra_environ) try: proc = subprocess.Popen( cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, stdin=None, stdout=stdout, cwd=cwd, env=env) except Exception as exc: logger.critical( "Error %s while executing command %s", exc, command_desc, ) raise if stdout is not None: all_output = [] while True: line = console_to_str(proc.stdout.readline()) if not line: break line = line.rstrip() all_output.append(line + '\n') if logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= std_logging.DEBUG: # Show the line immediately logger.debug(line) else: # Update the spinner if spinner is not None: spinner.spin() proc.wait() if spinner is not None: if proc.returncode: spinner.finish("error") else: spinner.finish("done") if proc.returncode: if on_returncode == 'raise': if (logger.getEffectiveLevel() > std_logging.DEBUG and not show_stdout): logger.info( 'Complete output from command %s:', command_desc, ) logger.info( ''.join(all_output) + '\n----------------------------------------' ) raise InstallationError( 'Command "%s" failed with error code %s in %s' % (command_desc, proc.returncode, cwd)) elif on_returncode == 'warn': logger.warning( 'Command "%s" had error code %s in %s', command_desc, proc.returncode, cwd, ) elif on_returncode == 'ignore': pass else: raise ValueError('Invalid value: on_returncode=%s' % repr(on_returncode)) if not show_stdout: return ''.join(all_output) def read_text_file(filename): """Return the contents of filename. Try to decode the file contents with utf-8, the preferred system encoding (e.g., cp1252 on some Windows machines), and latin1, in that order. Decoding a byte string with latin1 will never raise an error. In the worst case, the returned string will contain some garbage characters. """ with open(filename, 'rb') as fp: data = fp.read() encodings = ['utf-8', locale.getpreferredencoding(False), 'latin1'] for enc in encodings: try: data = data.decode(enc) except UnicodeDecodeError: continue break assert type(data) != bytes # Latin1 should have worked. return data def _make_build_dir(build_dir): os.makedirs(build_dir) write_delete_marker_file(build_dir) class FakeFile(object): """Wrap a list of lines in an object with readline() to make ConfigParser happy.""" def __init__(self, lines): self._gen = (l for l in lines) def readline(self): try: try: return next(self._gen) except NameError: return self._gen.next() except StopIteration: return '' def __iter__(self): return self._gen class StreamWrapper(StringIO): @classmethod def from_stream(cls, orig_stream): cls.orig_stream = orig_stream return cls() # compileall.compile_dir() needs stdout.encoding to print to stdout @property def encoding(self): return self.orig_stream.encoding @contextlib.contextmanager def captured_output(stream_name): """Return a context manager used by captured_stdout/stdin/stderr that temporarily replaces the sys stream stream_name* with a StringIO. Taken from Lib/support/__init__.py in the CPython repo. """ orig_stdout = getattr(sys, stream_name) setattr(sys, stream_name, StreamWrapper.from_stream(orig_stdout)) try: yield getattr(sys, stream_name) finally: setattr(sys, stream_name, orig_stdout) def captured_stdout(): """Capture the output of sys.stdout: with captured_stdout() as stdout: print('hello') self.assertEqual(stdout.getvalue(), 'hello\n') Taken from Lib/support/__init__.py in the CPython repo. """ return captured_output('stdout') class cached_property(object): """A property that is only computed once per instance and then replaces itself with an ordinary attribute. Deleting the attribute resets the property. Source: https://github.com/bottlepy/bottle/blob/0.11.5/bottle.py#L175 """ def __init__(self, func): self.__doc__ = getattr(func, '__doc__') self.func = func def __get__(self, obj, cls): if obj is None: # We're being accessed from the class itself, not from an object return self value = obj.__dict__[self.func.__name__] = self.func(obj) return value def get_installed_version(dist_name, lookup_dirs=None): """Get the installed version of dist_name avoiding pkg_resources cache""" # Create a requirement that we'll look for inside of setuptools. req = pkg_resources.Requirement.parse(dist_name) # We want to avoid having this cached, so we need to construct a new # working set each time. if lookup_dirs is None: working_set = pkg_resources.WorkingSet() else: working_set = pkg_resources.WorkingSet(lookup_dirs) # Get the installed distribution from our working set dist = working_set.find(req) # Check to see if we got an installed distribution or not, if we did # we want to return it's version. return dist.version if dist else None def consume(iterator): """Consume an iterable at C speed.""" deque(iterator, maxlen=0) Back

Edit File : __init__.py | Size : 26.55 KB

from __future__ import absolute_import

from collections import deque
import contextlib
import errno
import io
import locale
# we have a submodule named 'logging' which would shadow this if we used the
# regular name:
import logging as std_logging
import re
import os
import posixpath
import shutil
import stat
import subprocess
import sys
import tarfile
import zipfile

from pip.exceptions import InstallationError
from pip.compat import console_to_str, expanduser, stdlib_pkgs
from pip.locations import (
    site_packages, user_site, running_under_virtualenv, virtualenv_no_global,
    write_delete_marker_file,
)
from pip._vendor import pkg_resources
from pip._vendor.six.moves import input
from pip._vendor.six import PY2
from pip._vendor.retrying import retry

if PY2:
    from io import BytesIO as StringIO
else:
    from io import StringIO

__all__ = ['rmtree', 'display_path', 'backup_dir',
           'ask', 'splitext',
           'format_size', 'is_installable_dir',
           'is_svn_page', 'file_contents',
           'split_leading_dir', 'has_leading_dir',
           'normalize_path',
           'renames', 'get_terminal_size', 'get_prog',
           'unzip_file', 'untar_file', 'unpack_file', 'call_subprocess',
           'captured_stdout', 'ensure_dir',
           'ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS', 'SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS',
           'get_installed_version']

logger = std_logging.getLogger(__name__)

BZ2_EXTENSIONS = ('.tar.bz2', '.tbz')
XZ_EXTENSIONS = ('.tar.xz', '.txz', '.tlz', '.tar.lz', '.tar.lzma')
ZIP_EXTENSIONS = ('.zip', '.whl')
TAR_EXTENSIONS = ('.tar.gz', '.tgz', '.tar')
ARCHIVE_EXTENSIONS = (
    ZIP_EXTENSIONS + BZ2_EXTENSIONS + TAR_EXTENSIONS + XZ_EXTENSIONS)
SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS = ZIP_EXTENSIONS + TAR_EXTENSIONS
try:
    import bz2  # noqa
    SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS += BZ2_EXTENSIONS
except ImportError:
    logger.debug('bz2 module is not available')

try:
    # Only for Python 3.3+
    import lzma  # noqa
    SUPPORTED_EXTENSIONS += XZ_EXTENSIONS
except ImportError:
    logger.debug('lzma module is not available')

def import_or_raise(pkg_or_module_string, ExceptionType, *args, **kwargs):
    try:
        return __import__(pkg_or_module_string)
    except ImportError:
        raise ExceptionType(*args, **kwargs)

def ensure_dir(path):
    """os.path.makedirs without EEXIST."""
    try:
        os.makedirs(path)
    except OSError as e:
        if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
            raise

def get_prog():
    try:
        if os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]) in ('__main__.py', '-c'):
            return "%s -m pip" % sys.executable
    except (AttributeError, TypeError, IndexError):
        pass
    return 'pip'

# Retry every half second for up to 3 seconds
@retry(stop_max_delay=3000, wait_fixed=500)
def rmtree(dir, ignore_errors=False):
    shutil.rmtree(dir, ignore_errors=ignore_errors,
                  onerror=rmtree_errorhandler)

def rmtree_errorhandler(func, path, exc_info):
    """On Windows, the files in .svn are read-only, so when rmtree() tries to
    remove them, an exception is thrown.  We catch that here, remove the
    read-only attribute, and hopefully continue without problems."""
    # if file type currently read only
    if os.stat(path).st_mode & stat.S_IREAD:
        # convert to read/write
        os.chmod(path, stat.S_IWRITE)
        # use the original function to repeat the operation
        func(path)
        return
    else:
        raise

def display_path(path):
    """Gives the display value for a given path, making it relative to cwd
    if possible."""
    path = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(path))
    if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
        path = path.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding(), 'replace')
        path = path.encode(sys.getdefaultencoding(), 'replace')
    if path.startswith(os.getcwd() + os.path.sep):
        path = '.' + path[len(os.getcwd()):]
    return path

def backup_dir(dir, ext='.bak'):
    """Figure out the name of a directory to back up the given dir to
    (adding .bak, .bak2, etc)"""
    n = 1
    extension = ext
    while os.path.exists(dir + extension):
        n += 1
        extension = ext + str(n)
    return dir + extension

def ask_path_exists(message, options):
    for action in os.environ.get('PIP_EXISTS_ACTION', '').split():
        if action in options:
            return action
    return ask(message, options)

def ask(message, options):
    """Ask the message interactively, with the given possible responses"""
    while 1:
        if os.environ.get('PIP_NO_INPUT'):
            raise Exception(
                'No input was expected ($PIP_NO_INPUT set); question: %s' %
                message
            )
        response = input(message)
        response = response.strip().lower()
        if response not in options:
            print(
                'Your response (%r) was not one of the expected responses: '
                '%s' % (response, ', '.join(options))
            )
        else:
            return response

def format_size(bytes):
    if bytes > 1000 * 1000:
        return '%.1fMB' % (bytes / 1000.0 / 1000)
    elif bytes > 10 * 1000:
        return '%ikB' % (bytes / 1000)
    elif bytes > 1000:
        return '%.1fkB' % (bytes / 1000.0)
    else:
        return '%ibytes' % bytes

def is_installable_dir(path):
    """Return True if `path` is a directory containing a setup.py file."""
    if not os.path.isdir(path):
        return False
    setup_py = os.path.join(path, 'setup.py')
    if os.path.isfile(setup_py):
        return True
    return False

def is_svn_page(html):
    """
    Returns true if the page appears to be the index page of an svn repository
    """
    return (re.search(r'<title>[^<]*Revision \d+:', html) and
            re.search(r'Powered by (?:<a[^>]*?>)?Subversion', html, re.I))

def file_contents(filename):
    with open(filename, 'rb') as fp:
        return fp.read().decode('utf-8')

def read_chunks(file, size=io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE):
    """Yield pieces of data from a file-like object until EOF."""
    while True:
        chunk = file.read(size)
        if not chunk:
            break
        yield chunk

def split_leading_dir(path):
    path = path.lstrip('/').lstrip('\\')
    if '/' in path and (('\\' in path and path.find('/') < path.find('\\')) or
                        '\\' not in path):
        return path.split('/', 1)
    elif '\\' in path:
        return path.split('\\', 1)
    else:
        return path, ''

def has_leading_dir(paths):
    """Returns true if all the paths have the same leading path name
    (i.e., everything is in one subdirectory in an archive)"""
    common_prefix = None
    for path in paths:
        prefix, rest = split_leading_dir(path)
        if not prefix:
            return False
        elif common_prefix is None:
            common_prefix = prefix
        elif prefix != common_prefix:
            return False
    return True

def normalize_path(path, resolve_symlinks=True):
    """
    Convert a path to its canonical, case-normalized, absolute version.

"""
    path = expanduser(path)
    if resolve_symlinks:
        path = os.path.realpath(path)
    else:
        path = os.path.abspath(path)
    return os.path.normcase(path)

def splitext(path):
    """Like os.path.splitext, but take off .tar too"""
    base, ext = posixpath.splitext(path)
    if base.lower().endswith('.tar'):
        ext = base[-4:] + ext
        base = base[:-4]
    return base, ext

def renames(old, new):
    """Like os.renames(), but handles renaming across devices."""
    # Implementation borrowed from os.renames().
    head, tail = os.path.split(new)
    if head and tail and not os.path.exists(head):
        os.makedirs(head)

shutil.move(old, new)

head, tail = os.path.split(old)
    if head and tail:
        try:
            os.removedirs(head)
        except OSError:
            pass

def is_local(path):
    """
    Return True if path is within sys.prefix, if we're running in a virtualenv.

If we're not in a virtualenv, all paths are considered "local."

"""
    if not running_under_virtualenv():
        return True
    return normalize_path(path).startswith(normalize_path(sys.prefix))

def dist_is_local(dist):
    """
    Return True if given Distribution object is installed locally
    (i.e. within current virtualenv).

Always True if we're not in a virtualenv.

"""
    return is_local(dist_location(dist))

def dist_in_usersite(dist):
    """
    Return True if given Distribution is installed in user site.
    """
    norm_path = normalize_path(dist_location(dist))
    return norm_path.startswith(normalize_path(user_site))

def dist_in_site_packages(dist):
    """
    Return True if given Distribution is installed in
    distutils.sysconfig.get_python_lib().
    """
    return normalize_path(
        dist_location(dist)
    ).startswith(normalize_path(site_packages))

def dist_is_editable(dist):
    """Is distribution an editable install?"""
    for path_item in sys.path:
        egg_link = os.path.join(path_item, dist.project_name + '.egg-link')
        if os.path.isfile(egg_link):
            return True
    return False

def get_installed_distributions(local_only=True,
                                skip=stdlib_pkgs,
                                include_editables=True,
                                editables_only=False,
                                user_only=False):
    """
    Return a list of installed Distribution objects.

If ``local_only`` is True (default), only return installations
    local to the current virtualenv, if in a virtualenv.

``skip`` argument is an iterable of lower-case project names to
    ignore; defaults to stdlib_pkgs

If ``editables`` is False, don't report editables.

If ``editables_only`` is True , only report editables.

If ``user_only`` is True , only report installations in the user
    site directory.

"""
    if local_only:
        local_test = dist_is_local
    else:
        def local_test(d):
            return True

if include_editables:
        def editable_test(d):
            return True
    else:
        def editable_test(d):
            return not dist_is_editable(d)

if editables_only:
        def editables_only_test(d):
            return dist_is_editable(d)
    else:
        def editables_only_test(d):
            return True

if user_only:
        user_test = dist_in_usersite
    else:
        def user_test(d):
            return True

return [d for d in pkg_resources.working_set
            if local_test(d) and
            d.key not in skip and
            editable_test(d) and
            editables_only_test(d) and
            user_test(d)
            ]

def egg_link_path(dist):
    """
    Return the path for the .egg-link file if it exists, otherwise, None.

There's 3 scenarios:
    1) not in a virtualenv
       try to find in site.USER_SITE, then site_packages
    2) in a no-global virtualenv
       try to find in site_packages
    3) in a yes-global virtualenv
       try to find in site_packages, then site.USER_SITE
       (don't look in global location)

For #1 and #3, there could be odd cases, where there's an egg-link in 2
    locations.

This method will just return the first one found.
    """
    sites = []
    if running_under_virtualenv():
        if virtualenv_no_global():
            sites.append(site_packages)
        else:
            sites.append(site_packages)
            if user_site:
                sites.append(user_site)
    else:
        if user_site:
            sites.append(user_site)
        sites.append(site_packages)

for site in sites:
        egglink = os.path.join(site, dist.project_name) + '.egg-link'
        if os.path.isfile(egglink):
            return egglink

def dist_location(dist):
    """
    Get the site-packages location of this distribution. Generally
    this is dist.location, except in the case of develop-installed
    packages, where dist.location is the source code location, and we
    want to know where the egg-link file is.

"""
    egg_link = egg_link_path(dist)
    if egg_link:
        return egg_link
    return dist.location

def get_terminal_size():
    """Returns a tuple (x, y) representing the width(x) and the height(x)
    in characters of the terminal window."""
    def ioctl_GWINSZ(fd):
        try:
            import fcntl
            import termios
            import struct
            cr = struct.unpack(
                'hh',
                fcntl.ioctl(fd, termios.TIOCGWINSZ, '1234')
            )
        except:
            return None
        if cr == (0, 0):
            return None
        return cr
    cr = ioctl_GWINSZ(0) or ioctl_GWINSZ(1) or ioctl_GWINSZ(2)
    if not cr:
        try:
            fd = os.open(os.ctermid(), os.O_RDONLY)
            cr = ioctl_GWINSZ(fd)
            os.close(fd)
        except:
            pass
    if not cr:
        cr = (os.environ.get('LINES', 25), os.environ.get('COLUMNS', 80))
    return int(cr[1]), int(cr[0])

def current_umask():
    """Get the current umask which involves having to set it temporarily."""
    mask = os.umask(0)
    os.umask(mask)
    return mask

def unzip_file(filename, location, flatten=True):
    """
    Unzip the file (with path `filename`) to the destination `location`.  All
    files are written based on system defaults and umask (i.e. permissions are
    not preserved), except that regular file members with any execute
    permissions (user, group, or world) have "chmod +x" applied after being
    written. Note that for windows, any execute changes using os.chmod are
    no-ops per the python docs.
    """
    ensure_dir(location)
    zipfp = open(filename, 'rb')
    try:
        zip = zipfile.ZipFile(zipfp, allowZip64=True)
        leading = has_leading_dir(zip.namelist()) and flatten
        for info in zip.infolist():
            name = info.filename
            data = zip.read(name)
            fn = name
            if leading:
                fn = split_leading_dir(name)[1]
            fn = os.path.join(location, fn)
            dir = os.path.dirname(fn)
            if fn.endswith('/') or fn.endswith('\\'):
                # A directory
                ensure_dir(fn)
            else:
                ensure_dir(dir)
                fp = open(fn, 'wb')
                try:
                    fp.write(data)
                finally:
                    fp.close()
                    mode = info.external_attr >> 16
                    # if mode and regular file and any execute permissions for
                    # user/group/world?
                    if mode and stat.S_ISREG(mode) and mode & 0o111:
                        # make dest file have execute for user/group/world
                        # (chmod +x) no-op on windows per python docs
                        os.chmod(fn, (0o777 - current_umask() | 0o111))
    finally:
        zipfp.close()

def untar_file(filename, location):
    """
    Untar the file (with path `filename`) to the destination `location`.
    All files are written based on system defaults and umask (i.e. permissions
    are not preserved), except that regular file members with any execute
    permissions (user, group, or world) have "chmod +x" applied after being
    written.  Note that for windows, any execute changes using os.chmod are
    no-ops per the python docs.
    """
    ensure_dir(location)
    if filename.lower().endswith('.gz') or filename.lower().endswith('.tgz'):
        mode = 'r:gz'
    elif filename.lower().endswith(BZ2_EXTENSIONS):
        mode = 'r:bz2'
    elif filename.lower().endswith(XZ_EXTENSIONS):
        mode = 'r:xz'
    elif filename.lower().endswith('.tar'):
        mode = 'r'
    else:
        logger.warning(
            'Cannot determine compression type for file %s', filename,
        )
        mode = 'r:*'
    tar = tarfile.open(filename, mode)
    try:
        # note: python<=2.5 doesn't seem to know about pax headers, filter them
        leading = has_leading_dir([
            member.name for member in tar.getmembers()
            if member.name != 'pax_global_header'
        ])
        for member in tar.getmembers():
            fn = member.name
            if fn == 'pax_global_header':
                continue
            if leading:
                fn = split_leading_dir(fn)[1]
            path = os.path.join(location, fn)
            if member.isdir():
                ensure_dir(path)
            elif member.issym():
                try:
                    tar._extract_member(member, path)
                except Exception as exc:
                    # Some corrupt tar files seem to produce this
                    # (specifically bad symlinks)
                    logger.warning(
                        'In the tar file %s the member %s is invalid: %s',
                        filename, member.name, exc,
                    )
                    continue
            else:
                try:
                    fp = tar.extractfile(member)
                except (KeyError, AttributeError) as exc:
                    # Some corrupt tar files seem to produce this
                    # (specifically bad symlinks)
                    logger.warning(
                        'In the tar file %s the member %s is invalid: %s',
                        filename, member.name, exc,
                    )
                    continue
                ensure_dir(os.path.dirname(path))
                with open(path, 'wb') as destfp:
                    shutil.copyfileobj(fp, destfp)
                fp.close()
                # Update the timestamp (useful for cython compiled files)
                tar.utime(member, path)
                # member have any execute permissions for user/group/world?
                if member.mode & 0o111:
                    # make dest file have execute for user/group/world
                    # no-op on windows per python docs
                    os.chmod(path, (0o777 - current_umask() | 0o111))
    finally:
        tar.close()

def unpack_file(filename, location, content_type, link):
    filename = os.path.realpath(filename)
    if (content_type == 'application/zip' or
            filename.lower().endswith(ZIP_EXTENSIONS) or
            zipfile.is_zipfile(filename)):
        unzip_file(
            filename,
            location,
            flatten=not filename.endswith('.whl')
        )
    elif (content_type == 'application/x-gzip' or
            tarfile.is_tarfile(filename) or
            filename.lower().endswith(
                TAR_EXTENSIONS + BZ2_EXTENSIONS + XZ_EXTENSIONS)):
        untar_file(filename, location)
    elif (content_type and content_type.startswith('text/html') and
            is_svn_page(file_contents(filename))):
        # We don't really care about this
        from pip.vcs.subversion import Subversion
        Subversion('svn+' + link.url).unpack(location)
    else:
        # FIXME: handle?
        # FIXME: magic signatures?
        logger.critical(
            'Cannot unpack file %s (downloaded from %s, content-type: %s); '
            'cannot detect archive format',
            filename, location, content_type,
        )
        raise InstallationError(
            'Cannot determine archive format of %s' % location
        )

def call_subprocess(cmd, show_stdout=True, cwd=None,
                    on_returncode='raise',
                    command_desc=None,
                    extra_environ=None, spinner=None):
    # This function's handling of subprocess output is confusing and I
    # previously broke it terribly, so as penance I will write a long comment
    # explaining things.
    #
    # The obvious thing that affects output is the show_stdout=
    # kwarg. show_stdout=True means, let the subprocess write directly to our
    # stdout. Even though it is nominally the default, it is almost never used
    # inside pip (and should not be used in new code without a very good
    # reason); as of 2016-02-22 it is only used in a few places inside the VCS
    # wrapper code. Ideally we should get rid of it entirely, because it
    # creates a lot of complexity here for a rarely used feature.
    #
    # Most places in pip set show_stdout=False. What this means is:
    # - We connect the child stdout to a pipe, which we read.
    # - By default, we hide the output but show a spinner -- unless the
    #   subprocess exits with an error, in which case we show the output.
    # - If the --verbose option was passed (= loglevel is DEBUG), then we show
    #   the output unconditionally. (But in this case we don't want to show
    #   the output a second time if it turns out that there was an error.)
    #
    # stderr is always merged with stdout (even if show_stdout=True).
    if show_stdout:
        stdout = None
    else:
        stdout = subprocess.PIPE
    if command_desc is None:
        cmd_parts = []
        for part in cmd:
            if ' ' in part or '\n' in part or '"' in part or "'" in part:
                part = '"%s"' % part.replace('"', '\\"')
            cmd_parts.append(part)
        command_desc = ' '.join(cmd_parts)
    logger.debug("Running command %s", command_desc)
    env = os.environ.copy()
    if extra_environ:
        env.update(extra_environ)
    try:
        proc = subprocess.Popen(
            cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, stdin=None, stdout=stdout,
            cwd=cwd, env=env)
    except Exception as exc:
        logger.critical(
            "Error %s while executing command %s", exc, command_desc,
        )
        raise
    if stdout is not None:
        all_output = []
        while True:
            line = console_to_str(proc.stdout.readline())
            if not line:
                break
            line = line.rstrip()
            all_output.append(line + '\n')
            if logger.getEffectiveLevel() <= std_logging.DEBUG:
                # Show the line immediately
                logger.debug(line)
            else:
                # Update the spinner
                if spinner is not None:
                    spinner.spin()
    proc.wait()
    if spinner is not None:
        if proc.returncode:
            spinner.finish("error")
        else:
            spinner.finish("done")
    if proc.returncode:
        if on_returncode == 'raise':
            if (logger.getEffectiveLevel() > std_logging.DEBUG and
                    not show_stdout):
                logger.info(
                    'Complete output from command %s:', command_desc,
                )
                logger.info(
                    ''.join(all_output) +
                    '\n----------------------------------------'
                )
            raise InstallationError(
                'Command "%s" failed with error code %s in %s'
                % (command_desc, proc.returncode, cwd))
        elif on_returncode == 'warn':
            logger.warning(
                'Command "%s" had error code %s in %s',
                command_desc, proc.returncode, cwd,
            )
        elif on_returncode == 'ignore':
            pass
        else:
            raise ValueError('Invalid value: on_returncode=%s' %
                             repr(on_returncode))
    if not show_stdout:
        return ''.join(all_output)

def read_text_file(filename):
    """Return the contents of *filename*.

Try to decode the file contents with utf-8, the preferred system encoding
    (e.g., cp1252 on some Windows machines), and latin1, in that order.
    Decoding a byte string with latin1 will never raise an error. In the worst
    case, the returned string will contain some garbage characters.

"""
    with open(filename, 'rb') as fp:
        data = fp.read()

encodings = ['utf-8', locale.getpreferredencoding(False), 'latin1']
    for enc in encodings:
        try:
            data = data.decode(enc)
        except UnicodeDecodeError:
            continue
        break

assert type(data) != bytes  # Latin1 should have worked.
    return data

def _make_build_dir(build_dir):
    os.makedirs(build_dir)
    write_delete_marker_file(build_dir)

class FakeFile(object):
    """Wrap a list of lines in an object with readline() to make
    ConfigParser happy."""
    def __init__(self, lines):
        self._gen = (l for l in lines)

def readline(self):
        try:
            try:
                return next(self._gen)
            except NameError:
                return self._gen.next()
        except StopIteration:
            return ''

def __iter__(self):
        return self._gen

class StreamWrapper(StringIO):

@classmethod
    def from_stream(cls, orig_stream):
        cls.orig_stream = orig_stream
        return cls()

# compileall.compile_dir() needs stdout.encoding to print to stdout
    @property
    def encoding(self):
        return self.orig_stream.encoding

@contextlib.contextmanager
def captured_output(stream_name):
    """Return a context manager used by captured_stdout/stdin/stderr
    that temporarily replaces the sys stream *stream_name* with a StringIO.

Taken from Lib/support/__init__.py in the CPython repo.
    """
    orig_stdout = getattr(sys, stream_name)
    setattr(sys, stream_name, StreamWrapper.from_stream(orig_stdout))
    try:
        yield getattr(sys, stream_name)
    finally:
        setattr(sys, stream_name, orig_stdout)

def captured_stdout():
    """Capture the output of sys.stdout:

with captured_stdout() as stdout:
           print('hello')
       self.assertEqual(stdout.getvalue(), 'hello\n')

Taken from Lib/support/__init__.py in the CPython repo.
    """
    return captured_output('stdout')

class cached_property(object):
    """A property that is only computed once per instance and then replaces
       itself with an ordinary attribute. Deleting the attribute resets the
       property.

Source: https://github.com/bottlepy/bottle/blob/0.11.5/bottle.py#L175
    """

def __init__(self, func):
        self.__doc__ = getattr(func, '__doc__')
        self.func = func

def __get__(self, obj, cls):
        if obj is None:
            # We're being accessed from the class itself, not from an object
            return self
        value = obj.__dict__[self.func.__name__] = self.func(obj)
        return value

def get_installed_version(dist_name, lookup_dirs=None):
    """Get the installed version of dist_name avoiding pkg_resources cache"""
    # Create a requirement that we'll look for inside of setuptools.
    req = pkg_resources.Requirement.parse(dist_name)

# We want to avoid having this cached, so we need to construct a new
    # working set each time.
    if lookup_dirs is None:
        working_set = pkg_resources.WorkingSet()
    else:
        working_set = pkg_resources.WorkingSet(lookup_dirs)

# Get the installed distribution from our working set
    dist = working_set.find(req)

# Check to see if we got an installed distribution or not, if we did
    # we want to return it's version.
    return dist.version if dist else None

def consume(iterator):
    """Consume an iterable at C speed."""
    deque(iterator, maxlen=0)

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