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Edit File : _psaix.py \| Size : 18.92 KB
# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola' # Copyright (c) 2017, Arnon Yaari # All rights reserved. # Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be # found in the LICENSE file. """AIX platform implementation.""" import errno import glob import os import re import subprocess import sys from collections import namedtuple from socket import AF_INET from . import _common from . import _psposix from . import _psutil_aix as cext from . import _psutil_posix as cext_posix from ._common import AF_INET6 from ._common import memoize_when_activated from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_FULL from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_HALF from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN from ._common import sockfam_to_enum from ._common import socktype_to_enum from ._common import usage_percent from ._compat import PY3 from ._exceptions import AccessDenied from ._exceptions import NoSuchProcess from ._exceptions import ZombieProcess __extra__all__ = ["PROCFS_PATH"] # ===================================================================== # --- globals # ===================================================================== HAS_THREADS = hasattr(cext, "proc_threads") PAGE_SIZE = os.sysconf('SC_PAGE_SIZE') AF_LINK = cext_posix.AF_LINK PROC_STATUSES = { cext.SIDL: _common.STATUS_IDLE, cext.SZOMB: _common.STATUS_ZOMBIE, cext.SACTIVE: _common.STATUS_RUNNING, cext.SSWAP: _common.STATUS_RUNNING, # TODO what status is this? cext.SSTOP: _common.STATUS_STOPPED, } TCP_STATUSES = { cext.TCPS_ESTABLISHED: _common.CONN_ESTABLISHED, cext.TCPS_SYN_SENT: _common.CONN_SYN_SENT, cext.TCPS_SYN_RCVD: _common.CONN_SYN_RECV, cext.TCPS_FIN_WAIT_1: _common.CONN_FIN_WAIT1, cext.TCPS_FIN_WAIT_2: _common.CONN_FIN_WAIT2, cext.TCPS_TIME_WAIT: _common.CONN_TIME_WAIT, cext.TCPS_CLOSED: _common.CONN_CLOSE, cext.TCPS_CLOSE_WAIT: _common.CONN_CLOSE_WAIT, cext.TCPS_LAST_ACK: _common.CONN_LAST_ACK, cext.TCPS_LISTEN: _common.CONN_LISTEN, cext.TCPS_CLOSING: _common.CONN_CLOSING, cext.PSUTIL_CONN_NONE: _common.CONN_NONE, } proc_info_map = dict( ppid=0, rss=1, vms=2, create_time=3, nice=4, num_threads=5, status=6, ttynr=7) # ===================================================================== # --- named tuples # ===================================================================== # psutil.Process.memory_info() pmem = namedtuple('pmem', ['rss', 'vms']) # psutil.Process.memory_full_info() pfullmem = pmem # psutil.Process.cpu_times() scputimes = namedtuple('scputimes', ['user', 'system', 'idle', 'iowait']) # psutil.virtual_memory() svmem = namedtuple('svmem', ['total', 'available', 'percent', 'used', 'free']) # psutil.Process.memory_maps(grouped=True) pmmap_grouped = namedtuple('pmmap_grouped', ['path', 'rss', 'anon', 'locked']) # psutil.Process.memory_maps(grouped=False) pmmap_ext = namedtuple( 'pmmap_ext', 'addr perms ' + ' '.join(pmmap_grouped._fields)) # ===================================================================== # --- utils # ===================================================================== def get_procfs_path(): """Return updated psutil.PROCFS_PATH constant.""" return sys.modules['psutil'].PROCFS_PATH # ===================================================================== # --- memory # ===================================================================== def virtual_memory(): total, avail, free, pinned, inuse = cext.virtual_mem() percent = usage_percent((total - avail), total, _round=1) return svmem(total, avail, percent, inuse, free) def swap_memory(): """Swap system memory as a (total, used, free, sin, sout) tuple.""" total, free, sin, sout = cext.swap_mem() used = total - free percent = usage_percent(used, total, _round=1) return _common.sswap(total, used, free, percent, sin, sout) # ===================================================================== # --- CPU # ===================================================================== def cpu_times(): """Return system-wide CPU times as a named tuple""" ret = cext.per_cpu_times() return scputimes([sum(x) for x in zip(ret)]) def per_cpu_times(): """Return system per-CPU times as a list of named tuples""" ret = cext.per_cpu_times() return [scputimes(x) for x in ret] def cpu_count_logical(): """Return the number of logical CPUs in the system.""" try: return os.sysconf("SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN") except ValueError: # mimic os.cpu_count() behavior return None def cpu_count_physical(): cmd = "lsdev -Cc processor" p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) stdout, stderr = p.communicate() if PY3: stdout, stderr = [x.decode(sys.stdout.encoding) for x in (stdout, stderr)] if p.returncode != 0: raise RuntimeError("%r command error\n%s" % (cmd, stderr)) processors = stdout.strip().splitlines() return len(processors) or None def cpu_stats(): """Return various CPU stats as a named tuple.""" ctx_switches, interrupts, soft_interrupts, syscalls = cext.cpu_stats() return _common.scpustats( ctx_switches, interrupts, soft_interrupts, syscalls) # ===================================================================== # --- disks # ===================================================================== disk_io_counters = cext.disk_io_counters disk_usage = _psposix.disk_usage def disk_partitions(all=False): """Return system disk partitions.""" # TODO - the filtering logic should be better checked so that # it tries to reflect 'df' as much as possible retlist = [] partitions = cext.disk_partitions() for partition in partitions: device, mountpoint, fstype, opts = partition if device == 'none': device = '' if not all: # Differently from, say, Linux, we don't have a list of # common fs types so the best we can do, AFAIK, is to # filter by filesystem having a total size > 0. if not disk_usage(mountpoint).total: continue ntuple = _common.sdiskpart(device, mountpoint, fstype, opts) retlist.append(ntuple) return retlist # ===================================================================== # --- network # ===================================================================== net_if_addrs = cext_posix.net_if_addrs net_io_counters = cext.net_io_counters def net_connections(kind, _pid=-1): """Return socket connections. If pid == -1 return system-wide connections (as opposed to connections opened by one process only). """ cmap = _common.conn_tmap if kind not in cmap: raise ValueError("invalid %r kind argument; choose between %s" % (kind, ', '.join([repr(x) for x in cmap]))) families, types = _common.conn_tmap[kind] rawlist = cext.net_connections(_pid) ret = set() for item in rawlist: fd, fam, type_, laddr, raddr, status, pid = item if fam not in families: continue if type_ not in types: continue status = TCP_STATUSES[status] if fam in (AF_INET, AF_INET6): if laddr: laddr = _common.addr(laddr) if raddr: raddr = _common.addr(raddr) fam = sockfam_to_enum(fam) type_ = socktype_to_enum(type_) if _pid == -1: nt = _common.sconn(fd, fam, type_, laddr, raddr, status, pid) else: nt = _common.pconn(fd, fam, type_, laddr, raddr, status) ret.add(nt) return list(ret) def net_if_stats(): """Get NIC stats (isup, duplex, speed, mtu).""" duplex_map = {"Full": NIC_DUPLEX_FULL, "Half": NIC_DUPLEX_HALF} names = set([x[0] for x in net_if_addrs()]) ret = {} for name in names: isup, mtu = cext.net_if_stats(name) # try to get speed and duplex # TODO: rewrite this in C (entstat forks, so use truss -f to follow. # looks like it is using an undocumented ioctl?) duplex = "" speed = 0 p = subprocess.Popen(["/usr/bin/entstat", "-d", name], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) stdout, stderr = p.communicate() if PY3: stdout, stderr = [x.decode(sys.stdout.encoding) for x in (stdout, stderr)] if p.returncode == 0: re_result = re.search("Running: (\d+) Mbps.?(\w+) Duplex", stdout) if re_result is not None: speed = int(re_result.group(1)) duplex = re_result.group(2) duplex = duplex_map.get(duplex, NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN) ret[name] = _common.snicstats(isup, duplex, speed, mtu) return ret # ===================================================================== # --- other system functions # ===================================================================== def boot_time(): """The system boot time expressed in seconds since the epoch.""" return cext.boot_time() def users(): """Return currently connected users as a list of namedtuples.""" retlist = [] rawlist = cext.users() localhost = (':0.0', ':0') for item in rawlist: user, tty, hostname, tstamp, user_process, pid = item # note: the underlying C function includes entries about # system boot, run level and others. We might want # to use them in the future. if not user_process: continue if hostname in localhost: hostname = 'localhost' nt = _common.suser(user, tty, hostname, tstamp, pid) retlist.append(nt) return retlist # ===================================================================== # --- processes # ===================================================================== def pids(): """Returns a list of PIDs currently running on the system.""" return [int(x) for x in os.listdir(get_procfs_path()) if x.isdigit()] def pid_exists(pid): """Check for the existence of a unix pid.""" return os.path.exists(os.path.join(get_procfs_path(), str(pid), "psinfo")) def wrap_exceptions(fun): """Call callable into a try/except clause and translate ENOENT, EACCES and EPERM in NoSuchProcess or AccessDenied exceptions. """ def wrapper(self, args, kwargs): try: return fun(self, args, *kwargs) except EnvironmentError as err: # support for private module import if (NoSuchProcess is None or AccessDenied is None or ZombieProcess is None): raise # ENOENT (no such file or directory) gets raised on open(). # ESRCH (no such process) can get raised on read() if # process is gone in meantime. if err.errno in (errno.ENOENT, errno.ESRCH): if not pid_exists(self.pid): raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name) else: raise ZombieProcess(self.pid, self._name, self._ppid) if err.errno in (errno.EPERM, errno.EACCES): raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name) raise return wrapper class Process(object): """Wrapper class around underlying C implementation.""" __slots__ = ["pid", "_name", "_ppid", "_procfs_path"] def __init__(self, pid): self.pid = pid self._name = None self._ppid = None self._procfs_path = get_procfs_path() def oneshot_enter(self): self._proc_name_and_args.cache_activate() self._proc_basic_info.cache_activate() self._proc_cred.cache_activate() def oneshot_exit(self): self._proc_name_and_args.cache_deactivate() self._proc_basic_info.cache_deactivate() self._proc_cred.cache_deactivate() @memoize_when_activated def _proc_name_and_args(self): return cext.proc_name_and_args(self.pid, self._procfs_path) @memoize_when_activated def _proc_basic_info(self): return cext.proc_basic_info(self.pid, self._procfs_path) @memoize_when_activated def _proc_cred(self): return cext.proc_cred(self.pid, self._procfs_path) @wrap_exceptions def name(self): if self.pid == 0: return "swapper" # note: this is limited to 15 characters return self._proc_name_and_args()[0].rstrip("\x00") @wrap_exceptions def exe(self): # there is no way to get executable path in AIX other than to guess, # and guessing is more complex than what's in the wrapping class exe = self.cmdline()[0] if os.path.sep in exe: # relative or absolute path if not os.path.isabs(exe): # if cwd has changed, we're out of luck - this may be wrong! exe = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(self.cwd(), exe)) if (os.path.isabs(exe) and os.path.isfile(exe) and os.access(exe, os.X_OK)): return exe # not found, move to search in PATH using basename only exe = os.path.basename(exe) # search for exe name PATH for path in os.environ["PATH"].split(":"): possible_exe = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(path, exe)) if (os.path.isfile(possible_exe) and os.access(possible_exe, os.X_OK)): return possible_exe return '' @wrap_exceptions def cmdline(self): return self._proc_name_and_args()[1].split(' ') @wrap_exceptions def create_time(self): return self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['create_time']] @wrap_exceptions def num_threads(self): return self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['num_threads']] if HAS_THREADS: @wrap_exceptions def threads(self): rawlist = cext.proc_threads(self.pid) retlist = [] for thread_id, utime, stime in rawlist: ntuple = _common.pthread(thread_id, utime, stime) retlist.append(ntuple) # The underlying C implementation retrieves all OS threads # and filters them by PID. At this point we can't tell whether # an empty list means there were no connections for process or # process is no longer active so we force NSP in case the PID # is no longer there. if not retlist: # will raise NSP if process is gone os.stat('%s/%s' % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)) return retlist @wrap_exceptions def connections(self, kind='inet'): ret = net_connections(kind, _pid=self.pid) # The underlying C implementation retrieves all OS connections # and filters them by PID. At this point we can't tell whether # an empty list means there were no connections for process or # process is no longer active so we force NSP in case the PID # is no longer there. if not ret: # will raise NSP if process is gone os.stat('%s/%s' % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)) return ret @wrap_exceptions def nice_get(self): return cext_posix.getpriority(self.pid) @wrap_exceptions def nice_set(self, value): return cext_posix.setpriority(self.pid, value) @wrap_exceptions def ppid(self): self._ppid = self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['ppid']] return self._ppid @wrap_exceptions def uids(self): real, effective, saved, _, _, _ = self._proc_cred() return _common.puids(real, effective, saved) @wrap_exceptions def gids(self): _, _, _, real, effective, saved = self._proc_cred() return _common.puids(real, effective, saved) @wrap_exceptions def cpu_times(self): cpu_times = cext.proc_cpu_times(self.pid, self._procfs_path) return _common.pcputimes(cpu_times) @wrap_exceptions def terminal(self): ttydev = self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['ttynr']] # convert from 64-bit dev_t to 32-bit dev_t and then map the device ttydev = (((ttydev & 0x0000FFFF00000000) >> 16) \| (ttydev & 0xFFFF)) # try to match rdev of /dev/pts/* files ttydev for dev in glob.glob("/dev/*/"): if os.stat(dev).st_rdev == ttydev: return dev return None @wrap_exceptions def cwd(self): procfs_path = self._procfs_path try: result = os.readlink("%s/%s/cwd" % (procfs_path, self.pid)) return result.rstrip('/') except OSError as err: if err.errno == errno.ENOENT: os.stat("%s/%s" % (procfs_path, self.pid)) # raise NSP or AD return None raise @wrap_exceptions def memory_info(self): ret = self._proc_basic_info() rss = ret[proc_info_map['rss']] * 1024 vms = ret[proc_info_map['vms']] * 1024 return pmem(rss, vms) memory_full_info = memory_info @wrap_exceptions def status(self): code = self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['status']] # XXX is '?' legit? (we're not supposed to return it anyway) return PROC_STATUSES.get(code, '?') def open_files(self): # TODO rewrite without using procfiles (stat /proc/pid/fd/* and then # find matching name of the inode) p = subprocess.Popen(["/usr/bin/procfiles", "-n", str(self.pid)], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) stdout, stderr = p.communicate() if PY3: stdout, stderr = [x.decode(sys.stdout.encoding) for x in (stdout, stderr)] if "no such process" in stderr.lower(): raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name) procfiles = re.findall("(\d+): S_IFREG.\s.name:(.)\n", stdout) retlist = [] for fd, path in procfiles: path = path.strip() if path.startswith("//"): path = path[1:] if path.lower() == "cannot be retrieved": continue retlist.append(_common.popenfile(path, int(fd))) return retlist @wrap_exceptions def num_fds(self): if self.pid == 0: # no /proc/0/fd return 0 return len(os.listdir("%s/%s/fd" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid))) @wrap_exceptions def num_ctx_switches(self): return _common.pctxsw( *cext.proc_num_ctx_switches(self.pid)) @wrap_exceptions def wait(self, timeout=None): return _psposix.wait_pid(self.pid, timeout, self._name) @wrap_exceptions def io_counters(self): try: rc, wc, rb, wb = cext.proc_io_counters(self.pid) except OSError: # if process is terminated, proc_io_counters returns OSError # instead of NSP if not pid_exists(self.pid): raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name) raise return _common.pio(rc, wc, rb, wb) Back

Edit File : _psaix.py | Size : 18.92 KB

# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'
# Copyright (c) 2017, Arnon Yaari
# All rights reserved.
# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
# found in the LICENSE file.

"""AIX platform implementation."""

import errno
import glob
import os
import re
import subprocess
import sys
from collections import namedtuple
from socket import AF_INET

from . import _common
from . import _psposix
from . import _psutil_aix as cext
from . import _psutil_posix as cext_posix
from ._common import AF_INET6
from ._common import memoize_when_activated
from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_FULL
from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_HALF
from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN
from ._common import sockfam_to_enum
from ._common import socktype_to_enum
from ._common import usage_percent
from ._compat import PY3
from ._exceptions import AccessDenied
from ._exceptions import NoSuchProcess
from ._exceptions import ZombieProcess

__extra__all__ = ["PROCFS_PATH"]

# =====================================================================
# --- globals
# =====================================================================

HAS_THREADS = hasattr(cext, "proc_threads")

PAGE_SIZE = os.sysconf('SC_PAGE_SIZE')
AF_LINK = cext_posix.AF_LINK

PROC_STATUSES = {
    cext.SIDL: _common.STATUS_IDLE,
    cext.SZOMB: _common.STATUS_ZOMBIE,
    cext.SACTIVE: _common.STATUS_RUNNING,
    cext.SSWAP: _common.STATUS_RUNNING,      # TODO what status is this?
    cext.SSTOP: _common.STATUS_STOPPED,
}

TCP_STATUSES = {
    cext.TCPS_ESTABLISHED: _common.CONN_ESTABLISHED,
    cext.TCPS_SYN_SENT: _common.CONN_SYN_SENT,
    cext.TCPS_SYN_RCVD: _common.CONN_SYN_RECV,
    cext.TCPS_FIN_WAIT_1: _common.CONN_FIN_WAIT1,
    cext.TCPS_FIN_WAIT_2: _common.CONN_FIN_WAIT2,
    cext.TCPS_TIME_WAIT: _common.CONN_TIME_WAIT,
    cext.TCPS_CLOSED: _common.CONN_CLOSE,
    cext.TCPS_CLOSE_WAIT: _common.CONN_CLOSE_WAIT,
    cext.TCPS_LAST_ACK: _common.CONN_LAST_ACK,
    cext.TCPS_LISTEN: _common.CONN_LISTEN,
    cext.TCPS_CLOSING: _common.CONN_CLOSING,
    cext.PSUTIL_CONN_NONE: _common.CONN_NONE,
}

proc_info_map = dict(
    ppid=0,
    rss=1,
    vms=2,
    create_time=3,
    nice=4,
    num_threads=5,
    status=6,
    ttynr=7)

# =====================================================================
# --- named tuples
# =====================================================================

# psutil.Process.memory_info()
pmem = namedtuple('pmem', ['rss', 'vms'])
# psutil.Process.memory_full_info()
pfullmem = pmem
# psutil.Process.cpu_times()
scputimes = namedtuple('scputimes', ['user', 'system', 'idle', 'iowait'])
# psutil.virtual_memory()
svmem = namedtuple('svmem', ['total', 'available', 'percent', 'used', 'free'])
# psutil.Process.memory_maps(grouped=True)
pmmap_grouped = namedtuple('pmmap_grouped', ['path', 'rss', 'anon', 'locked'])
# psutil.Process.memory_maps(grouped=False)
pmmap_ext = namedtuple(
    'pmmap_ext', 'addr perms ' + ' '.join(pmmap_grouped._fields))

# =====================================================================
# --- utils
# =====================================================================

def get_procfs_path():
    """Return updated psutil.PROCFS_PATH constant."""
    return sys.modules['psutil'].PROCFS_PATH

# =====================================================================
# --- memory
# =====================================================================

def virtual_memory():
    total, avail, free, pinned, inuse = cext.virtual_mem()
    percent = usage_percent((total - avail), total, _round=1)
    return svmem(total, avail, percent, inuse, free)

def swap_memory():
    """Swap system memory as a (total, used, free, sin, sout) tuple."""
    total, free, sin, sout = cext.swap_mem()
    used = total - free
    percent = usage_percent(used, total, _round=1)
    return _common.sswap(total, used, free, percent, sin, sout)

# =====================================================================
# --- CPU
# =====================================================================

def cpu_times():
    """Return system-wide CPU times as a named tuple"""
    ret = cext.per_cpu_times()
    return scputimes(*[sum(x) for x in zip(*ret)])

def per_cpu_times():
    """Return system per-CPU times as a list of named tuples"""
    ret = cext.per_cpu_times()
    return [scputimes(*x) for x in ret]

def cpu_count_logical():
    """Return the number of logical CPUs in the system."""
    try:
        return os.sysconf("SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN")
    except ValueError:
        # mimic os.cpu_count() behavior
        return None

def cpu_count_physical():
    cmd = "lsdev -Cc processor"
    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
    if PY3:
        stdout, stderr = [x.decode(sys.stdout.encoding)
                          for x in (stdout, stderr)]
    if p.returncode != 0:
        raise RuntimeError("%r command error\n%s" % (cmd, stderr))
    processors = stdout.strip().splitlines()
    return len(processors) or None

def cpu_stats():
    """Return various CPU stats as a named tuple."""
    ctx_switches, interrupts, soft_interrupts, syscalls = cext.cpu_stats()
    return _common.scpustats(
        ctx_switches, interrupts, soft_interrupts, syscalls)

# =====================================================================
# --- disks
# =====================================================================

disk_io_counters = cext.disk_io_counters
disk_usage = _psposix.disk_usage

def disk_partitions(all=False):
    """Return system disk partitions."""
    # TODO - the filtering logic should be better checked so that
    # it tries to reflect 'df' as much as possible
    retlist = []
    partitions = cext.disk_partitions()
    for partition in partitions:
        device, mountpoint, fstype, opts = partition
        if device == 'none':
            device = ''
        if not all:
            # Differently from, say, Linux, we don't have a list of
            # common fs types so the best we can do, AFAIK, is to
            # filter by filesystem having a total size > 0.
            if not disk_usage(mountpoint).total:
                continue
        ntuple = _common.sdiskpart(device, mountpoint, fstype, opts)
        retlist.append(ntuple)
    return retlist

# =====================================================================
# --- network
# =====================================================================

net_if_addrs = cext_posix.net_if_addrs
net_io_counters = cext.net_io_counters

def net_connections(kind, _pid=-1):
    """Return socket connections.  If pid == -1 return system-wide
    connections (as opposed to connections opened by one process only).
    """
    cmap = _common.conn_tmap
    if kind not in cmap:
        raise ValueError("invalid %r kind argument; choose between %s"
                         % (kind, ', '.join([repr(x) for x in cmap])))
    families, types = _common.conn_tmap[kind]
    rawlist = cext.net_connections(_pid)
    ret = set()
    for item in rawlist:
        fd, fam, type_, laddr, raddr, status, pid = item
        if fam not in families:
            continue
        if type_ not in types:
            continue
        status = TCP_STATUSES[status]
        if fam in (AF_INET, AF_INET6):
            if laddr:
                laddr = _common.addr(*laddr)
            if raddr:
                raddr = _common.addr(*raddr)
        fam = sockfam_to_enum(fam)
        type_ = socktype_to_enum(type_)
        if _pid == -1:
            nt = _common.sconn(fd, fam, type_, laddr, raddr, status, pid)
        else:
            nt = _common.pconn(fd, fam, type_, laddr, raddr, status)
        ret.add(nt)
    return list(ret)

def net_if_stats():
    """Get NIC stats (isup, duplex, speed, mtu)."""
    duplex_map = {"Full": NIC_DUPLEX_FULL,
                  "Half": NIC_DUPLEX_HALF}
    names = set([x[0] for x in net_if_addrs()])
    ret = {}
    for name in names:
        isup, mtu = cext.net_if_stats(name)

# try to get speed and duplex
        # TODO: rewrite this in C (entstat forks, so use truss -f to follow.
        # looks like it is using an undocumented ioctl?)
        duplex = ""
        speed = 0
        p = subprocess.Popen(["/usr/bin/entstat", "-d", name],
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
        if PY3:
            stdout, stderr = [x.decode(sys.stdout.encoding)
                              for x in (stdout, stderr)]
        if p.returncode == 0:
            re_result = re.search("Running: (\d+) Mbps.*?(\w+) Duplex", stdout)
            if re_result is not None:
                speed = int(re_result.group(1))
                duplex = re_result.group(2)

duplex = duplex_map.get(duplex, NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN)
        ret[name] = _common.snicstats(isup, duplex, speed, mtu)
    return ret

# =====================================================================
# --- other system functions
# =====================================================================

def boot_time():
    """The system boot time expressed in seconds since the epoch."""
    return cext.boot_time()

def users():
    """Return currently connected users as a list of namedtuples."""
    retlist = []
    rawlist = cext.users()
    localhost = (':0.0', ':0')
    for item in rawlist:
        user, tty, hostname, tstamp, user_process, pid = item
        # note: the underlying C function includes entries about
        # system boot, run level and others.  We might want
        # to use them in the future.
        if not user_process:
            continue
        if hostname in localhost:
            hostname = 'localhost'
        nt = _common.suser(user, tty, hostname, tstamp, pid)
        retlist.append(nt)
    return retlist

# =====================================================================
# --- processes
# =====================================================================

def pids():
    """Returns a list of PIDs currently running on the system."""
    return [int(x) for x in os.listdir(get_procfs_path()) if x.isdigit()]

def pid_exists(pid):
    """Check for the existence of a unix pid."""
    return os.path.exists(os.path.join(get_procfs_path(), str(pid), "psinfo"))

def wrap_exceptions(fun):
    """Call callable into a try/except clause and translate ENOENT,
    EACCES and EPERM in NoSuchProcess or AccessDenied exceptions.
    """

def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
        try:
            return fun(self, *args, **kwargs)
        except EnvironmentError as err:
            # support for private module import
            if (NoSuchProcess is None or AccessDenied is None or
                    ZombieProcess is None):
                raise
            # ENOENT (no such file or directory) gets raised on open().
            # ESRCH (no such process) can get raised on read() if
            # process is gone in meantime.
            if err.errno in (errno.ENOENT, errno.ESRCH):
                if not pid_exists(self.pid):
                    raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name)
                else:
                    raise ZombieProcess(self.pid, self._name, self._ppid)
            if err.errno in (errno.EPERM, errno.EACCES):
                raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name)
            raise
    return wrapper

class Process(object):
    """Wrapper class around underlying C implementation."""

__slots__ = ["pid", "_name", "_ppid", "_procfs_path"]

def __init__(self, pid):
        self.pid = pid
        self._name = None
        self._ppid = None
        self._procfs_path = get_procfs_path()

def oneshot_enter(self):
        self._proc_name_and_args.cache_activate()
        self._proc_basic_info.cache_activate()
        self._proc_cred.cache_activate()

def oneshot_exit(self):
        self._proc_name_and_args.cache_deactivate()
        self._proc_basic_info.cache_deactivate()
        self._proc_cred.cache_deactivate()

@memoize_when_activated
    def _proc_name_and_args(self):
        return cext.proc_name_and_args(self.pid, self._procfs_path)

@memoize_when_activated
    def _proc_basic_info(self):
        return cext.proc_basic_info(self.pid, self._procfs_path)

@memoize_when_activated
    def _proc_cred(self):
        return cext.proc_cred(self.pid, self._procfs_path)

@wrap_exceptions
    def name(self):
        if self.pid == 0:
            return "swapper"
        # note: this is limited to 15 characters
        return self._proc_name_and_args()[0].rstrip("\x00")

@wrap_exceptions
    def exe(self):
        # there is no way to get executable path in AIX other than to guess,
        # and guessing is more complex than what's in the wrapping class
        exe = self.cmdline()[0]
        if os.path.sep in exe:
            # relative or absolute path
            if not os.path.isabs(exe):
                # if cwd has changed, we're out of luck - this may be wrong!
                exe = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(self.cwd(), exe))
            if (os.path.isabs(exe) and
               os.path.isfile(exe) and
               os.access(exe, os.X_OK)):
                return exe
            # not found, move to search in PATH using basename only
            exe = os.path.basename(exe)
        # search for exe name PATH
        for path in os.environ["PATH"].split(":"):
            possible_exe = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(path, exe))
            if (os.path.isfile(possible_exe) and
               os.access(possible_exe, os.X_OK)):
                return possible_exe
        return ''

@wrap_exceptions
    def cmdline(self):
        return self._proc_name_and_args()[1].split(' ')

@wrap_exceptions
    def create_time(self):
        return self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['create_time']]

@wrap_exceptions
    def num_threads(self):
        return self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['num_threads']]

if HAS_THREADS:
        @wrap_exceptions
        def threads(self):
            rawlist = cext.proc_threads(self.pid)
            retlist = []
            for thread_id, utime, stime in rawlist:
                ntuple = _common.pthread(thread_id, utime, stime)
                retlist.append(ntuple)
            # The underlying C implementation retrieves all OS threads
            # and filters them by PID.  At this point we can't tell whether
            # an empty list means there were no connections for process or
            # process is no longer active so we force NSP in case the PID
            # is no longer there.
            if not retlist:
                # will raise NSP if process is gone
                os.stat('%s/%s' % (self._procfs_path, self.pid))
            return retlist

@wrap_exceptions
    def connections(self, kind='inet'):
        ret = net_connections(kind, _pid=self.pid)
        # The underlying C implementation retrieves all OS connections
        # and filters them by PID.  At this point we can't tell whether
        # an empty list means there were no connections for process or
        # process is no longer active so we force NSP in case the PID
        # is no longer there.
        if not ret:
            # will raise NSP if process is gone
            os.stat('%s/%s' % (self._procfs_path, self.pid))
        return ret

@wrap_exceptions
    def nice_get(self):
        return cext_posix.getpriority(self.pid)

@wrap_exceptions
    def nice_set(self, value):
        return cext_posix.setpriority(self.pid, value)

@wrap_exceptions
    def ppid(self):
        self._ppid = self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['ppid']]
        return self._ppid

@wrap_exceptions
    def uids(self):
        real, effective, saved, _, _, _ = self._proc_cred()
        return _common.puids(real, effective, saved)

@wrap_exceptions
    def gids(self):
        _, _, _, real, effective, saved = self._proc_cred()
        return _common.puids(real, effective, saved)

@wrap_exceptions
    def cpu_times(self):
        cpu_times = cext.proc_cpu_times(self.pid, self._procfs_path)
        return _common.pcputimes(*cpu_times)

@wrap_exceptions
    def terminal(self):
        ttydev = self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['ttynr']]
        # convert from 64-bit dev_t to 32-bit dev_t and then map the device
        ttydev = (((ttydev & 0x0000FFFF00000000) >> 16) | (ttydev & 0xFFFF))
        # try to match rdev of /dev/pts/* files ttydev
        for dev in glob.glob("/dev/**/*"):
            if os.stat(dev).st_rdev == ttydev:
                return dev
        return None

@wrap_exceptions
    def cwd(self):
        procfs_path = self._procfs_path
        try:
            result = os.readlink("%s/%s/cwd" % (procfs_path, self.pid))
            return result.rstrip('/')
        except OSError as err:
            if err.errno == errno.ENOENT:
                os.stat("%s/%s" % (procfs_path, self.pid))  # raise NSP or AD
                return None
            raise

@wrap_exceptions
    def memory_info(self):
        ret = self._proc_basic_info()
        rss = ret[proc_info_map['rss']] * 1024
        vms = ret[proc_info_map['vms']] * 1024
        return pmem(rss, vms)

memory_full_info = memory_info

@wrap_exceptions
    def status(self):
        code = self._proc_basic_info()[proc_info_map['status']]
        # XXX is '?' legit? (we're not supposed to return it anyway)
        return PROC_STATUSES.get(code, '?')

def open_files(self):
        # TODO rewrite without using procfiles (stat /proc/pid/fd/* and then
        # find matching name of the inode)
        p = subprocess.Popen(["/usr/bin/procfiles", "-n", str(self.pid)],
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
        if PY3:
            stdout, stderr = [x.decode(sys.stdout.encoding)
                              for x in (stdout, stderr)]
        if "no such process" in stderr.lower():
            raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name)
        procfiles = re.findall("(\d+): S_IFREG.*\s*.*name:(.*)\n", stdout)
        retlist = []
        for fd, path in procfiles:
            path = path.strip()
            if path.startswith("//"):
                path = path[1:]
            if path.lower() == "cannot be retrieved":
                continue
            retlist.append(_common.popenfile(path, int(fd)))
        return retlist

@wrap_exceptions
    def num_fds(self):
        if self.pid == 0:       # no /proc/0/fd
            return 0
        return len(os.listdir("%s/%s/fd" % (self._procfs_path, self.pid)))

@wrap_exceptions
    def num_ctx_switches(self):
        return _common.pctxsw(
            *cext.proc_num_ctx_switches(self.pid))

@wrap_exceptions
    def wait(self, timeout=None):
        return _psposix.wait_pid(self.pid, timeout, self._name)

@wrap_exceptions
    def io_counters(self):
        try:
            rc, wc, rb, wb = cext.proc_io_counters(self.pid)
        except OSError:
            # if process is terminated, proc_io_counters returns OSError
            # instead of NSP
            if not pid_exists(self.pid):
                raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name)
            raise
        return _common.pio(rc, wc, rb, wb)

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