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Edit File : appdirs.py \| Size : 21.84 KB
#!/usr/bin/env python # -- coding: utf-8 -- # Copyright (c) 2005-2010 ActiveState Software Inc. # Copyright (c) 2013 Eddy Petrișor """Utilities for determining application-specific dirs. See <http://github.com/ActiveState/appdirs> for details and usage. """ # Dev Notes: # - MSDN on where to store app data files: # http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;310294#XSLTH3194121123120121120120 # - macOS: http://developer.apple.com/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPFileSystem/index.html # - XDG spec for Unx: http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html __version_info__ = (1, 4, 0) __version__ = '.'.join(map(str, __version_info__)) import sys import os PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3 if PY3: unicode = str if sys.platform.startswith('java'): import platform os_name = platform.java_ver()[3][0] if os_name.startswith('Windows'): # "Windows XP", "Windows 7", etc. system = 'win32' elif os_name.startswith('Mac'): # "macOS", etc. system = 'darwin' else: # "Linux", "SunOS", "FreeBSD", etc. # Setting this to "linux2" is not ideal, but only Windows or Mac # are actually checked for and the rest of the module expects # sys.platform* style strings. system = 'linux2' else: system = sys.platform def user_data_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, roaming=False): r"""Return full path to the user-specific data dir for this application. "appname" is the name of application. If None, just the system directory is returned. "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may pass False to disable it. "version" is an optional version path element to append to the path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this would typically be "<major>.<minor>". Only applied when appname is present. "roaming" (boolean, default False) can be set True to use the Windows roaming appdata directory. That means that for users on a Windows network setup for roaming profiles, this user data will be sync'd on login. See <http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc766489(WS.10).aspx> for a discussion of issues. Typical user data directories are: macOS: ~/Library/Application Support/<AppName> Unix: ~/.local/share/<AppName> # or in $XDG_DATA_HOME, if defined Win XP (not roaming): C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Application Data\<AppAuthor>\<AppName> Win XP (roaming): C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Application Data\<AppAuthor>\<AppName> Win 7 (not roaming): C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\<AppAuthor>\<AppName> Win 7 (roaming): C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Roaming\<AppAuthor>\<AppName> For Unix, we follow the XDG spec and support $XDG_DATA_HOME. That means, by default "~/.local/share/<AppName>". """ if system == "win32": if appauthor is None: appauthor = appname const = roaming and "CSIDL_APPDATA" or "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA" path = os.path.normpath(_get_win_folder(const)) if appname: if appauthor is not False: path = os.path.join(path, appauthor, appname) else: path = os.path.join(path, appname) elif system == 'darwin': path = os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Application Support/') if appname: path = os.path.join(path, appname) else: path = os.getenv('XDG_DATA_HOME', os.path.expanduser("~/.local/share")) if appname: path = os.path.join(path, appname) if appname and version: path = os.path.join(path, version) return path def site_data_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, multipath=False): """Return full path to the user-shared data dir for this application. "appname" is the name of application. If None, just the system directory is returned. "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may pass False to disable it. "version" is an optional version path element to append to the path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this would typically be "<major>.<minor>". Only applied when appname is present. "multipath" is an optional parameter only applicable to nix which indicates that the entire list of data dirs should be returned. By default, the first item from XDG_DATA_DIRS is returned, or '/usr/local/share/<AppName>', if XDG_DATA_DIRS is not set Typical user data directories are: macOS: /Library/Application Support/<AppName> Unix: /usr/local/share/<AppName> or /usr/share/<AppName> Win XP: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\<AppAuthor>\<AppName> Vista: (Fail! "C:\ProgramData" is a hidden system* directory on Vista.) Win 7: C:\ProgramData\<AppAuthor>\<AppName> # Hidden, but writeable on Win 7. For Unix, this is using the $XDG_DATA_DIRS[0] default. WARNING: Do not use this on Windows. See the Vista-Fail note above for why. """ if system == "win32": if appauthor is None: appauthor = appname path = os.path.normpath(_get_win_folder("CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA")) if appname: if appauthor is not False: path = os.path.join(path, appauthor, appname) else: path = os.path.join(path, appname) elif system == 'darwin': path = os.path.expanduser('/Library/Application Support') if appname: path = os.path.join(path, appname) else: # XDG default for $XDG_DATA_DIRS # only first, if multipath is False path = os.getenv('XDG_DATA_DIRS', os.pathsep.join(['/usr/local/share', '/usr/share'])) pathlist = [os.path.expanduser(x.rstrip(os.sep)) for x in path.split(os.pathsep)] if appname: if version: appname = os.path.join(appname, version) pathlist = [os.sep.join([x, appname]) for x in pathlist] if multipath: path = os.pathsep.join(pathlist) else: path = pathlist[0] return path if appname and version: path = os.path.join(path, version) return path def user_config_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, roaming=False): r"""Return full path to the user-specific config dir for this application. "appname" is the name of application. If None, just the system directory is returned. "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may pass False to disable it. "version" is an optional version path element to append to the path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this would typically be "<major>.<minor>". Only applied when appname is present. "roaming" (boolean, default False) can be set True to use the Windows roaming appdata directory. That means that for users on a Windows network setup for roaming profiles, this user data will be sync'd on login. See <http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc766489(WS.10).aspx> for a discussion of issues. Typical user data directories are: macOS: same as user_data_dir Unix: ~/.config/<AppName> # or in $XDG_CONFIG_HOME, if defined Win : same as user_data_dir For Unix, we follow the XDG spec and support $XDG_CONFIG_HOME. That means, by deafult "~/.config/<AppName>". """ if system in ["win32", "darwin"]: path = user_data_dir(appname, appauthor, None, roaming) else: path = os.getenv('XDG_CONFIG_HOME', os.path.expanduser("~/.config")) if appname: path = os.path.join(path, appname) if appname and version: path = os.path.join(path, version) return path def site_config_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, multipath=False): """Return full path to the user-shared data dir for this application. "appname" is the name of application. If None, just the system directory is returned. "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may pass False to disable it. "version" is an optional version path element to append to the path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this would typically be "<major>.<minor>". Only applied when appname is present. "multipath" is an optional parameter only applicable to nix which indicates that the entire list of config dirs should be returned. By default, the first item from XDG_CONFIG_DIRS is returned, or '/etc/xdg/<AppName>', if XDG_CONFIG_DIRS is not set Typical user data directories are: macOS: same as site_data_dir Unix: /etc/xdg/<AppName> or $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS[i]/<AppName> for each value in $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS Win : same as site_data_dir Vista: (Fail! "C:\ProgramData" is a hidden system* directory on Vista.) For Unix, this is using the $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS[0] default, if multipath=False WARNING: Do not use this on Windows. See the Vista-Fail note above for why. """ if system in ["win32", "darwin"]: path = site_data_dir(appname, appauthor) if appname and version: path = os.path.join(path, version) else: # XDG default for $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS # only first, if multipath is False path = os.getenv('XDG_CONFIG_DIRS', '/etc/xdg') pathlist = [os.path.expanduser(x.rstrip(os.sep)) for x in path.split(os.pathsep)] if appname: if version: appname = os.path.join(appname, version) pathlist = [os.sep.join([x, appname]) for x in pathlist] if multipath: path = os.pathsep.join(pathlist) else: path = pathlist[0] return path def user_cache_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, opinion=True): r"""Return full path to the user-specific cache dir for this application. "appname" is the name of application. If None, just the system directory is returned. "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may pass False to disable it. "version" is an optional version path element to append to the path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this would typically be "<major>.<minor>". Only applied when appname is present. "opinion" (boolean) can be False to disable the appending of "Cache" to the base app data dir for Windows. See discussion below. Typical user cache directories are: macOS: ~/Library/Caches/<AppName> Unix: ~/.cache/<AppName> (XDG default) Win XP: C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Application Data\<AppAuthor>\<AppName>\Cache Vista: C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\<AppAuthor>\<AppName>\Cache On Windows the only suggestion in the MSDN docs is that local settings go in the `CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA` directory. This is identical to the non-roaming app data dir (the default returned by `user_data_dir` above). Apps typically put cache data somewhere under the given dir here. Some examples: ...\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\<ProfileName>\Cache ...\Acme\SuperApp\Cache\1.0 OPINION: This function appends "Cache" to the `CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA` value. This can be disabled with the `opinion=False` option. """ if system == "win32": if appauthor is None: appauthor = appname path = os.path.normpath(_get_win_folder("CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA")) if appname: if appauthor is not False: path = os.path.join(path, appauthor, appname) else: path = os.path.join(path, appname) if opinion: path = os.path.join(path, "Cache") elif system == 'darwin': path = os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Caches') if appname: path = os.path.join(path, appname) else: path = os.getenv('XDG_CACHE_HOME', os.path.expanduser('~/.cache')) if appname: path = os.path.join(path, appname) if appname and version: path = os.path.join(path, version) return path def user_log_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, opinion=True): r"""Return full path to the user-specific log dir for this application. "appname" is the name of application. If None, just the system directory is returned. "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may pass False to disable it. "version" is an optional version path element to append to the path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this would typically be "<major>.<minor>". Only applied when appname is present. "opinion" (boolean) can be False to disable the appending of "Logs" to the base app data dir for Windows, and "log" to the base cache dir for Unix. See discussion below. Typical user cache directories are: macOS: ~/Library/Logs/<AppName> Unix: ~/.cache/<AppName>/log # or under $XDG_CACHE_HOME if defined Win XP: C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Application Data\<AppAuthor>\<AppName>\Logs Vista: C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\<AppAuthor>\<AppName>\Logs On Windows the only suggestion in the MSDN docs is that local settings go in the `CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA` directory. (Note: I'm interested in examples of what some windows apps use for a logs dir.) OPINION: This function appends "Logs" to the `CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA` value for Windows and appends "log" to the user cache dir for Unix. This can be disabled with the `opinion=False` option. """ if system == "darwin": path = os.path.join( os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Logs'), appname) elif system == "win32": path = user_data_dir(appname, appauthor, version) version = False if opinion: path = os.path.join(path, "Logs") else: path = user_cache_dir(appname, appauthor, version) version = False if opinion: path = os.path.join(path, "log") if appname and version: path = os.path.join(path, version) return path class AppDirs(object): """Convenience wrapper for getting application dirs.""" def __init__(self, appname, appauthor=None, version=None, roaming=False, multipath=False): self.appname = appname self.appauthor = appauthor self.version = version self.roaming = roaming self.multipath = multipath @property def user_data_dir(self): return user_data_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor, version=self.version, roaming=self.roaming) @property def site_data_dir(self): return site_data_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor, version=self.version, multipath=self.multipath) @property def user_config_dir(self): return user_config_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor, version=self.version, roaming=self.roaming) @property def site_config_dir(self): return site_config_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor, version=self.version, multipath=self.multipath) @property def user_cache_dir(self): return user_cache_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor, version=self.version) @property def user_log_dir(self): return user_log_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor, version=self.version) #---- internal support stuff def _get_win_folder_from_registry(csidl_name): """This is a fallback technique at best. I'm not sure if using the registry for this guarantees us the correct answer for all CSIDL_* names. """ import _winreg shell_folder_name = { "CSIDL_APPDATA": "AppData", "CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA": "Common AppData", "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA": "Local AppData", }[csidl_name] key = _winreg.OpenKey( _winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders" ) dir, type = _winreg.QueryValueEx(key, shell_folder_name) return dir def _get_win_folder_with_pywin32(csidl_name): from win32com.shell import shellcon, shell dir = shell.SHGetFolderPath(0, getattr(shellcon, csidl_name), 0, 0) # Try to make this a unicode path because SHGetFolderPath does # not return unicode strings when there is unicode data in the # path. try: dir = unicode(dir) # Downgrade to short path name if have highbit chars. See # <http://bugs.activestate.com/show_bug.cgi?id=85099>. has_high_char = False for c in dir: if ord(c) > 255: has_high_char = True break if has_high_char: try: import win32api dir = win32api.GetShortPathName(dir) except ImportError: pass except UnicodeError: pass return dir def _get_win_folder_with_ctypes(csidl_name): import ctypes csidl_const = { "CSIDL_APPDATA": 26, "CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA": 35, "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA": 28, }[csidl_name] buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(1024) ctypes.windll.shell32.SHGetFolderPathW(None, csidl_const, None, 0, buf) # Downgrade to short path name if have highbit chars. See # <http://bugs.activestate.com/show_bug.cgi?id=85099>. has_high_char = False for c in buf: if ord(c) > 255: has_high_char = True break if has_high_char: buf2 = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(1024) if ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetShortPathNameW(buf.value, buf2, 1024): buf = buf2 return buf.value def _get_win_folder_with_jna(csidl_name): import array from com.sun import jna from com.sun.jna.platform import win32 buf_size = win32.WinDef.MAX_PATH * 2 buf = array.zeros('c', buf_size) shell = win32.Shell32.INSTANCE shell.SHGetFolderPath(None, getattr(win32.ShlObj, csidl_name), None, win32.ShlObj.SHGFP_TYPE_CURRENT, buf) dir = jna.Native.toString(buf.tostring()).rstrip("\0") # Downgrade to short path name if have highbit chars. See # <http://bugs.activestate.com/show_bug.cgi?id=85099>. has_high_char = False for c in dir: if ord(c) > 255: has_high_char = True break if has_high_char: buf = array.zeros('c', buf_size) kernel = win32.Kernel32.INSTANCE if kernal.GetShortPathName(dir, buf, buf_size): dir = jna.Native.toString(buf.tostring()).rstrip("\0") return dir if system == "win32": try: import win32com.shell _get_win_folder = _get_win_folder_with_pywin32 except ImportError: try: from ctypes import windll _get_win_folder = _get_win_folder_with_ctypes except ImportError: try: import com.sun.jna _get_win_folder = _get_win_folder_with_jna except ImportError: _get_win_folder = _get_win_folder_from_registry #---- self test code if __name__ == "__main__": appname = "MyApp" appauthor = "MyCompany" props = ("user_data_dir", "site_data_dir", "user_config_dir", "site_config_dir", "user_cache_dir", "user_log_dir") print("-- app dirs (with optional 'version')") dirs = AppDirs(appname, appauthor, version="1.0") for prop in props: print("%s: %s" % (prop, getattr(dirs, prop))) print("\n-- app dirs (without optional 'version')") dirs = AppDirs(appname, appauthor) for prop in props: print("%s: %s" % (prop, getattr(dirs, prop))) print("\n-- app dirs (without optional 'appauthor')") dirs = AppDirs(appname) for prop in props: print("%s: %s" % (prop, getattr(dirs, prop))) print("\n-- app dirs (with disabled 'appauthor')") dirs = AppDirs(appname, appauthor=False) for prop in props: print("%s: %s" % (prop, getattr(dirs, prop))) Back

Edit File : appdirs.py | Size : 21.84 KB

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright (c) 2005-2010 ActiveState Software Inc.
# Copyright (c) 2013 Eddy Petrișor

"""Utilities for determining application-specific dirs.

See <http://github.com/ActiveState/appdirs> for details and usage.
"""
# Dev Notes:
# - MSDN on where to store app data files:
#   http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;310294#XSLTH3194121123120121120120
# - macOS: http://developer.apple.com/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPFileSystem/index.html
# - XDG spec for Un*x: http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html

__version_info__ = (1, 4, 0)
__version__ = '.'.join(map(str, __version_info__))

import sys
import os

PY3 = sys.version_info[0] == 3

if PY3:
    unicode = str

if sys.platform.startswith('java'):
    import platform
    os_name = platform.java_ver()[3][0]
    if os_name.startswith('Windows'): # "Windows XP", "Windows 7", etc.
        system = 'win32'
    elif os_name.startswith('Mac'): # "macOS", etc.
        system = 'darwin'
    else: # "Linux", "SunOS", "FreeBSD", etc.
        # Setting this to "linux2" is not ideal, but only Windows or Mac
        # are actually checked for and the rest of the module expects
        # *sys.platform* style strings.
        system = 'linux2'
else:
    system = sys.platform

def user_data_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, roaming=False):
    r"""Return full path to the user-specific data dir for this application.

"appname" is the name of application.
            If None, just the system directory is returned.
        "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the
            appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically
            it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may
            pass False to disable it.
        "version" is an optional version path element to append to the
            path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions
            of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this
            would typically be "<major>.<minor>".
            Only applied when appname is present.
        "roaming" (boolean, default False) can be set True to use the Windows
            roaming appdata directory. That means that for users on a Windows
            network setup for roaming profiles, this user data will be
            sync'd on login. See
            <http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc766489(WS.10).aspx>
            for a discussion of issues.

Typical user data directories are:
        macOS:                  ~/Library/Application Support/<AppName>
        Unix:                   ~/.local/share/<AppName>    # or in $XDG_DATA_HOME, if defined
        Win XP (not roaming):   C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Application Data\<AppAuthor>\<AppName>
        Win XP (roaming):       C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Application Data\<AppAuthor>\<AppName>
        Win 7  (not roaming):   C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\<AppAuthor>\<AppName>
        Win 7  (roaming):       C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Roaming\<AppAuthor>\<AppName>

For Unix, we follow the XDG spec and support $XDG_DATA_HOME.
    That means, by default "~/.local/share/<AppName>".
    """
    if system == "win32":
        if appauthor is None:
            appauthor = appname
        const = roaming and "CSIDL_APPDATA" or "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA"
        path = os.path.normpath(_get_win_folder(const))
        if appname:
            if appauthor is not False:
                path = os.path.join(path, appauthor, appname)
            else:
                path = os.path.join(path, appname)
    elif system == 'darwin':
        path = os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Application Support/')
        if appname:
            path = os.path.join(path, appname)
    else:
        path = os.getenv('XDG_DATA_HOME', os.path.expanduser("~/.local/share"))
        if appname:
            path = os.path.join(path, appname)
    if appname and version:
        path = os.path.join(path, version)
    return path

def site_data_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, multipath=False):
    """Return full path to the user-shared data dir for this application.

"appname" is the name of application.
            If None, just the system directory is returned.
        "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the
            appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically
            it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may
            pass False to disable it.
        "version" is an optional version path element to append to the
            path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions
            of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this
            would typically be "<major>.<minor>".
            Only applied when appname is present.
        "multipath" is an optional parameter only applicable to *nix
            which indicates that the entire list of data dirs should be
            returned. By default, the first item from XDG_DATA_DIRS is
            returned, or '/usr/local/share/<AppName>',
            if XDG_DATA_DIRS is not set

Typical user data directories are:
        macOS:      /Library/Application Support/<AppName>
        Unix:       /usr/local/share/<AppName> or /usr/share/<AppName>
        Win XP:     C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\<AppAuthor>\<AppName>
        Vista:      (Fail! "C:\ProgramData" is a hidden *system* directory on Vista.)
        Win 7:      C:\ProgramData\<AppAuthor>\<AppName>   # Hidden, but writeable on Win 7.

For Unix, this is using the $XDG_DATA_DIRS[0] default.

WARNING: Do not use this on Windows. See the Vista-Fail note above for why.
    """
    if system == "win32":
        if appauthor is None:
            appauthor = appname
        path = os.path.normpath(_get_win_folder("CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA"))
        if appname:
            if appauthor is not False:
                path = os.path.join(path, appauthor, appname)
            else:
                path = os.path.join(path, appname)
    elif system == 'darwin':
        path = os.path.expanduser('/Library/Application Support')
        if appname:
            path = os.path.join(path, appname)
    else:
        # XDG default for $XDG_DATA_DIRS
        # only first, if multipath is False
        path = os.getenv('XDG_DATA_DIRS',
                         os.pathsep.join(['/usr/local/share', '/usr/share']))
        pathlist = [os.path.expanduser(x.rstrip(os.sep)) for x in path.split(os.pathsep)]
        if appname:
            if version:
                appname = os.path.join(appname, version)
            pathlist = [os.sep.join([x, appname]) for x in pathlist]

if multipath:
            path = os.pathsep.join(pathlist)
        else:
            path = pathlist[0]
        return path

if appname and version:
        path = os.path.join(path, version)
    return path

def user_config_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, roaming=False):
    r"""Return full path to the user-specific config dir for this application.

Typical user data directories are:
        macOS:                  same as user_data_dir
        Unix:                   ~/.config/<AppName>     # or in $XDG_CONFIG_HOME, if defined
        Win *:                  same as user_data_dir

For Unix, we follow the XDG spec and support $XDG_CONFIG_HOME.
    That means, by deafult "~/.config/<AppName>".
    """
    if system in ["win32", "darwin"]:
        path = user_data_dir(appname, appauthor, None, roaming)
    else:
        path = os.getenv('XDG_CONFIG_HOME', os.path.expanduser("~/.config"))
        if appname:
            path = os.path.join(path, appname)
    if appname and version:
        path = os.path.join(path, version)
    return path

def site_config_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, multipath=False):
    """Return full path to the user-shared data dir for this application.

"appname" is the name of application.
            If None, just the system directory is returned.
        "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the
            appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically
            it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may
            pass False to disable it.
        "version" is an optional version path element to append to the
            path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions
            of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this
            would typically be "<major>.<minor>".
            Only applied when appname is present.
        "multipath" is an optional parameter only applicable to *nix
            which indicates that the entire list of config dirs should be
            returned. By default, the first item from XDG_CONFIG_DIRS is
            returned, or '/etc/xdg/<AppName>', if XDG_CONFIG_DIRS is not set

Typical user data directories are:
        macOS:      same as site_data_dir
        Unix:       /etc/xdg/<AppName> or $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS[i]/<AppName> for each value in
                    $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS
        Win *:      same as site_data_dir
        Vista:      (Fail! "C:\ProgramData" is a hidden *system* directory on Vista.)

For Unix, this is using the $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS[0] default, if multipath=False

WARNING: Do not use this on Windows. See the Vista-Fail note above for why.
    """
    if system in ["win32", "darwin"]:
        path = site_data_dir(appname, appauthor)
        if appname and version:
            path = os.path.join(path, version)
    else:
        # XDG default for $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS
        # only first, if multipath is False
        path = os.getenv('XDG_CONFIG_DIRS', '/etc/xdg')
        pathlist = [os.path.expanduser(x.rstrip(os.sep)) for x in path.split(os.pathsep)]
        if appname:
            if version:
                appname = os.path.join(appname, version)
            pathlist = [os.sep.join([x, appname]) for x in pathlist]

if multipath:
            path = os.pathsep.join(pathlist)
        else:
            path = pathlist[0]
    return path

def user_cache_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, opinion=True):
    r"""Return full path to the user-specific cache dir for this application.

"appname" is the name of application.
            If None, just the system directory is returned.
        "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the
            appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically
            it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may
            pass False to disable it.
        "version" is an optional version path element to append to the
            path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions
            of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this
            would typically be "<major>.<minor>".
            Only applied when appname is present.
        "opinion" (boolean) can be False to disable the appending of
            "Cache" to the base app data dir for Windows. See
            discussion below.

Typical user cache directories are:
        macOS:      ~/Library/Caches/<AppName>
        Unix:       ~/.cache/<AppName> (XDG default)
        Win XP:     C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Application Data\<AppAuthor>\<AppName>\Cache
        Vista:      C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\<AppAuthor>\<AppName>\Cache

On Windows the only suggestion in the MSDN docs is that local settings go in
    the `CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA` directory. This is identical to the non-roaming
    app data dir (the default returned by `user_data_dir` above). Apps typically
    put cache data somewhere *under* the given dir here. Some examples:
        ...\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\<ProfileName>\Cache
        ...\Acme\SuperApp\Cache\1.0
    OPINION: This function appends "Cache" to the `CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA` value.
    This can be disabled with the `opinion=False` option.
    """
    if system == "win32":
        if appauthor is None:
            appauthor = appname
        path = os.path.normpath(_get_win_folder("CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA"))
        if appname:
            if appauthor is not False:
                path = os.path.join(path, appauthor, appname)
            else:
                path = os.path.join(path, appname)
            if opinion:
                path = os.path.join(path, "Cache")
    elif system == 'darwin':
        path = os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Caches')
        if appname:
            path = os.path.join(path, appname)
    else:
        path = os.getenv('XDG_CACHE_HOME', os.path.expanduser('~/.cache'))
        if appname:
            path = os.path.join(path, appname)
    if appname and version:
        path = os.path.join(path, version)
    return path

def user_log_dir(appname=None, appauthor=None, version=None, opinion=True):
    r"""Return full path to the user-specific log dir for this application.

"appname" is the name of application.
            If None, just the system directory is returned.
        "appauthor" (only used on Windows) is the name of the
            appauthor or distributing body for this application. Typically
            it is the owning company name. This falls back to appname. You may
            pass False to disable it.
        "version" is an optional version path element to append to the
            path. You might want to use this if you want multiple versions
            of your app to be able to run independently. If used, this
            would typically be "<major>.<minor>".
            Only applied when appname is present.
        "opinion" (boolean) can be False to disable the appending of
            "Logs" to the base app data dir for Windows, and "log" to the
            base cache dir for Unix. See discussion below.

Typical user cache directories are:
        macOS:      ~/Library/Logs/<AppName>
        Unix:       ~/.cache/<AppName>/log  # or under $XDG_CACHE_HOME if defined
        Win XP:     C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Application Data\<AppAuthor>\<AppName>\Logs
        Vista:      C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\<AppAuthor>\<AppName>\Logs

On Windows the only suggestion in the MSDN docs is that local settings
    go in the `CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA` directory. (Note: I'm interested in
    examples of what some windows apps use for a logs dir.)

OPINION: This function appends "Logs" to the `CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA`
    value for Windows and appends "log" to the user cache dir for Unix.
    This can be disabled with the `opinion=False` option.
    """
    if system == "darwin":
        path = os.path.join(
            os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Logs'),
            appname)
    elif system == "win32":
        path = user_data_dir(appname, appauthor, version)
        version = False
        if opinion:
            path = os.path.join(path, "Logs")
    else:
        path = user_cache_dir(appname, appauthor, version)
        version = False
        if opinion:
            path = os.path.join(path, "log")
    if appname and version:
        path = os.path.join(path, version)
    return path

class AppDirs(object):
    """Convenience wrapper for getting application dirs."""
    def __init__(self, appname, appauthor=None, version=None, roaming=False,
                 multipath=False):
        self.appname = appname
        self.appauthor = appauthor
        self.version = version
        self.roaming = roaming
        self.multipath = multipath

@property
    def user_data_dir(self):
        return user_data_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor,
                             version=self.version, roaming=self.roaming)

@property
    def site_data_dir(self):
        return site_data_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor,
                             version=self.version, multipath=self.multipath)

@property
    def user_config_dir(self):
        return user_config_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor,
                               version=self.version, roaming=self.roaming)

@property
    def site_config_dir(self):
        return site_config_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor,
                             version=self.version, multipath=self.multipath)

@property
    def user_cache_dir(self):
        return user_cache_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor,
                              version=self.version)

@property
    def user_log_dir(self):
        return user_log_dir(self.appname, self.appauthor,
                            version=self.version)

#---- internal support stuff

def _get_win_folder_from_registry(csidl_name):
    """This is a fallback technique at best. I'm not sure if using the
    registry for this guarantees us the correct answer for all CSIDL_*
    names.
    """
    import _winreg

shell_folder_name = {
        "CSIDL_APPDATA": "AppData",
        "CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA": "Common AppData",
        "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA": "Local AppData",
    }[csidl_name]

key = _winreg.OpenKey(
        _winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
        r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders"
    )
    dir, type = _winreg.QueryValueEx(key, shell_folder_name)
    return dir

def _get_win_folder_with_pywin32(csidl_name):
    from win32com.shell import shellcon, shell
    dir = shell.SHGetFolderPath(0, getattr(shellcon, csidl_name), 0, 0)
    # Try to make this a unicode path because SHGetFolderPath does
    # not return unicode strings when there is unicode data in the
    # path.
    try:
        dir = unicode(dir)

# Downgrade to short path name if have highbit chars. See
        # <http://bugs.activestate.com/show_bug.cgi?id=85099>.
        has_high_char = False
        for c in dir:
            if ord(c) > 255:
                has_high_char = True
                break
        if has_high_char:
            try:
                import win32api
                dir = win32api.GetShortPathName(dir)
            except ImportError:
                pass
    except UnicodeError:
        pass
    return dir

def _get_win_folder_with_ctypes(csidl_name):
    import ctypes

csidl_const = {
        "CSIDL_APPDATA": 26,
        "CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA": 35,
        "CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA": 28,
    }[csidl_name]

buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(1024)
    ctypes.windll.shell32.SHGetFolderPathW(None, csidl_const, None, 0, buf)

# Downgrade to short path name if have highbit chars. See
    # <http://bugs.activestate.com/show_bug.cgi?id=85099>.
    has_high_char = False
    for c in buf:
        if ord(c) > 255:
            has_high_char = True
            break
    if has_high_char:
        buf2 = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(1024)
        if ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetShortPathNameW(buf.value, buf2, 1024):
            buf = buf2

return buf.value

def _get_win_folder_with_jna(csidl_name):
    import array
    from com.sun import jna
    from com.sun.jna.platform import win32

buf_size = win32.WinDef.MAX_PATH * 2
    buf = array.zeros('c', buf_size)
    shell = win32.Shell32.INSTANCE
    shell.SHGetFolderPath(None, getattr(win32.ShlObj, csidl_name), None, win32.ShlObj.SHGFP_TYPE_CURRENT, buf)
    dir = jna.Native.toString(buf.tostring()).rstrip("\0")

# Downgrade to short path name if have highbit chars. See
    # <http://bugs.activestate.com/show_bug.cgi?id=85099>.
    has_high_char = False
    for c in dir:
        if ord(c) > 255:
            has_high_char = True
            break
    if has_high_char:
        buf = array.zeros('c', buf_size)
        kernel = win32.Kernel32.INSTANCE
        if kernal.GetShortPathName(dir, buf, buf_size):
            dir = jna.Native.toString(buf.tostring()).rstrip("\0")

return dir

if system == "win32":
    try:
        import win32com.shell
        _get_win_folder = _get_win_folder_with_pywin32
    except ImportError:
        try:
            from ctypes import windll
            _get_win_folder = _get_win_folder_with_ctypes
        except ImportError:
            try:
                import com.sun.jna
                _get_win_folder = _get_win_folder_with_jna
            except ImportError:
                _get_win_folder = _get_win_folder_from_registry

#---- self test code

if __name__ == "__main__":
    appname = "MyApp"
    appauthor = "MyCompany"

props = ("user_data_dir", "site_data_dir",
             "user_config_dir", "site_config_dir",
             "user_cache_dir", "user_log_dir")

print("-- app dirs (with optional 'version')")
    dirs = AppDirs(appname, appauthor, version="1.0")
    for prop in props:
        print("%s: %s" % (prop, getattr(dirs, prop)))

print("\n-- app dirs (without optional 'version')")
    dirs = AppDirs(appname, appauthor)
    for prop in props:
        print("%s: %s" % (prop, getattr(dirs, prop)))

print("\n-- app dirs (without optional 'appauthor')")
    dirs = AppDirs(appname)
    for prop in props:
        print("%s: %s" % (prop, getattr(dirs, prop)))

print("\n-- app dirs (with disabled 'appauthor')")
    dirs = AppDirs(appname, appauthor=False)
    for prop in props:
        print("%s: %s" % (prop, getattr(dirs, prop)))

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