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Edit File : asyncore.py \| Size : 19.62 KB
# -- Mode: Python -- # Id: asyncore.py,v 2.51 2000/09/07 22:29:26 rushing Exp # Author: Sam Rushing <rushing@nightmare.com> # ====================================================================== # Copyright 1996 by Sam Rushing # # All Rights Reserved # # Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and # its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby # granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all # copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission # notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Sam # Rushing not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to # distribution of the software without specific, written prior # permission. # # SAM RUSHING DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, # INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN # NO EVENT SHALL SAM RUSHING BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR # CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS # OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, # NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN # CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. # ====================================================================== """Basic infrastructure for asynchronous socket service clients and servers. There are only two ways to have a program on a single processor do "more than one thing at a time". Multi-threaded programming is the simplest and most popular way to do it, but there is another very different technique, that lets you have nearly all the advantages of multi-threading, without actually using multiple threads. it's really only practical if your program is largely I/O bound. If your program is CPU bound, then pre-emptive scheduled threads are probably what you really need. Network servers are rarely CPU-bound, however. If your operating system supports the select() system call in its I/O library (and nearly all do), then you can use it to juggle multiple communication channels at once; doing other work while your I/O is taking place in the "background." Although this strategy can seem strange and complex, especially at first, it is in many ways easier to understand and control than multi-threaded programming. The module documented here solves many of the difficult problems for you, making the task of building sophisticated high-performance network servers and clients a snap. """ import select import socket import sys import time import warnings import os from errno import EALREADY, EINPROGRESS, EWOULDBLOCK, ECONNRESET, EINVAL, \ ENOTCONN, ESHUTDOWN, EISCONN, EBADF, ECONNABORTED, EPIPE, EAGAIN, \ errorcode _DISCONNECTED = frozenset({ECONNRESET, ENOTCONN, ESHUTDOWN, ECONNABORTED, EPIPE, EBADF}) try: socket_map except NameError: socket_map = {} def _strerror(err): try: return os.strerror(err) except (ValueError, OverflowError, NameError): if err in errorcode: return errorcode[err] return "Unknown error %s" %err class ExitNow(Exception): pass _reraised_exceptions = (ExitNow, KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit) def read(obj): try: obj.handle_read_event() except _reraised_exceptions: raise except: obj.handle_error() def write(obj): try: obj.handle_write_event() except _reraised_exceptions: raise except: obj.handle_error() def _exception(obj): try: obj.handle_expt_event() except _reraised_exceptions: raise except: obj.handle_error() def readwrite(obj, flags): try: if flags & select.POLLIN: obj.handle_read_event() if flags & select.POLLOUT: obj.handle_write_event() if flags & select.POLLPRI: obj.handle_expt_event() if flags & (select.POLLHUP \| select.POLLERR \| select.POLLNVAL): obj.handle_close() except OSError as e: if e.args[0] not in _DISCONNECTED: obj.handle_error() else: obj.handle_close() except _reraised_exceptions: raise except: obj.handle_error() def poll(timeout=0.0, map=None): if map is None: map = socket_map if map: r = []; w = []; e = [] for fd, obj in list(map.items()): is_r = obj.readable() is_w = obj.writable() if is_r: r.append(fd) # accepting sockets should not be writable if is_w and not obj.accepting: w.append(fd) if is_r or is_w: e.append(fd) if [] == r == w == e: time.sleep(timeout) return r, w, e = select.select(r, w, e, timeout) for fd in r: obj = map.get(fd) if obj is None: continue read(obj) for fd in w: obj = map.get(fd) if obj is None: continue write(obj) for fd in e: obj = map.get(fd) if obj is None: continue _exception(obj) def poll2(timeout=0.0, map=None): # Use the poll() support added to the select module in Python 2.0 if map is None: map = socket_map if timeout is not None: # timeout is in milliseconds timeout = int(timeout1000) pollster = select.poll() if map: for fd, obj in list(map.items()): flags = 0 if obj.readable(): flags \|= select.POLLIN \| select.POLLPRI # accepting sockets should not be writable if obj.writable() and not obj.accepting: flags \|= select.POLLOUT if flags: pollster.register(fd, flags) r = pollster.poll(timeout) for fd, flags in r: obj = map.get(fd) if obj is None: continue readwrite(obj, flags) poll3 = poll2 # Alias for backward compatibility def loop(timeout=30.0, use_poll=False, map=None, count=None): if map is None: map = socket_map if use_poll and hasattr(select, 'poll'): poll_fun = poll2 else: poll_fun = poll if count is None: while map: poll_fun(timeout, map) else: while map and count > 0: poll_fun(timeout, map) count = count - 1 class dispatcher: debug = False connected = False accepting = False connecting = False closing = False addr = None ignore_log_types = frozenset({'warning'}) def __init__(self, sock=None, map=None): if map is None: self._map = socket_map else: self._map = map self._fileno = None if sock: # Set to nonblocking just to make sure for cases where we # get a socket from a blocking source. sock.setblocking(0) self.set_socket(sock, map) self.connected = True # The constructor no longer requires that the socket # passed be connected. try: self.addr = sock.getpeername() except OSError as err: if err.args[0] in (ENOTCONN, EINVAL): # To handle the case where we got an unconnected # socket. self.connected = False else: # The socket is broken in some unknown way, alert # the user and remove it from the map (to prevent # polling of broken sockets). self.del_channel(map) raise else: self.socket = None def __repr__(self): status = [self.__class__.__module__+"."+self.__class__.__qualname__] if self.accepting and self.addr: status.append('listening') elif self.connected: status.append('connected') if self.addr is not None: try: status.append('%s:%d' % self.addr) except TypeError: status.append(repr(self.addr)) return '<%s at %#x>' % (' '.join(status), id(self)) def add_channel(self, map=None): #self.log_info('adding channel %s' % self) if map is None: map = self._map map[self._fileno] = self def del_channel(self, map=None): fd = self._fileno if map is None: map = self._map if fd in map: #self.log_info('closing channel %d:%s' % (fd, self)) del map[fd] self._fileno = None def create_socket(self, family=socket.AF_INET, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM): self.family_and_type = family, type sock = socket.socket(family, type) sock.setblocking(0) self.set_socket(sock) def set_socket(self, sock, map=None): self.socket = sock self._fileno = sock.fileno() self.add_channel(map) def set_reuse_addr(self): # try to re-use a server port if possible try: self.socket.setsockopt( socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, self.socket.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR) \| 1 ) except OSError: pass # ================================================== # predicates for select() # these are used as filters for the lists of sockets # to pass to select(). # ================================================== def readable(self): return True def writable(self): return True # ================================================== # socket object methods. # ================================================== def listen(self, num): self.accepting = True if os.name == 'nt' and num > 5: num = 5 return self.socket.listen(num) def bind(self, addr): self.addr = addr return self.socket.bind(addr) def connect(self, address): self.connected = False self.connecting = True err = self.socket.connect_ex(address) if err in (EINPROGRESS, EALREADY, EWOULDBLOCK) \ or err == EINVAL and os.name == 'nt': self.addr = address return if err in (0, EISCONN): self.addr = address self.handle_connect_event() else: raise OSError(err, errorcode[err]) def accept(self): # XXX can return either an address pair or None try: conn, addr = self.socket.accept() except TypeError: return None except OSError as why: if why.args[0] in (EWOULDBLOCK, ECONNABORTED, EAGAIN): return None else: raise else: return conn, addr def send(self, data): try: result = self.socket.send(data) return result except OSError as why: if why.args[0] == EWOULDBLOCK: return 0 elif why.args[0] in _DISCONNECTED: self.handle_close() return 0 else: raise def recv(self, buffer_size): try: data = self.socket.recv(buffer_size) if not data: # a closed connection is indicated by signaling # a read condition, and having recv() return 0. self.handle_close() return b'' else: return data except OSError as why: # winsock sometimes raises ENOTCONN if why.args[0] in _DISCONNECTED: self.handle_close() return b'' else: raise def close(self): self.connected = False self.accepting = False self.connecting = False self.del_channel() if self.socket is not None: try: self.socket.close() except OSError as why: if why.args[0] not in (ENOTCONN, EBADF): raise # log and log_info may be overridden to provide more sophisticated # logging and warning methods. In general, log is for 'hit' logging # and 'log_info' is for informational, warning and error logging. def log(self, message): sys.stderr.write('log: %s\n' % str(message)) def log_info(self, message, type='info'): if type not in self.ignore_log_types: print('%s: %s' % (type, message)) def handle_read_event(self): if self.accepting: # accepting sockets are never connected, they "spawn" new # sockets that are connected self.handle_accept() elif not self.connected: if self.connecting: self.handle_connect_event() self.handle_read() else: self.handle_read() def handle_connect_event(self): err = self.socket.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_ERROR) if err != 0: raise OSError(err, _strerror(err)) self.handle_connect() self.connected = True self.connecting = False def handle_write_event(self): if self.accepting: # Accepting sockets shouldn't get a write event. # We will pretend it didn't happen. return if not self.connected: if self.connecting: self.handle_connect_event() self.handle_write() def handle_expt_event(self): # handle_expt_event() is called if there might be an error on the # socket, or if there is OOB data # check for the error condition first err = self.socket.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_ERROR) if err != 0: # we can get here when select.select() says that there is an # exceptional condition on the socket # since there is an error, we'll go ahead and close the socket # like we would in a subclassed handle_read() that received no # data self.handle_close() else: self.handle_expt() def handle_error(self): nil, t, v, tbinfo = compact_traceback() # sometimes a user repr method will crash. try: self_repr = repr(self) except: self_repr = '<__repr__(self) failed for object at %0x>' % id(self) self.log_info( 'uncaptured python exception, closing channel %s (%s:%s %s)' % ( self_repr, t, v, tbinfo ), 'error' ) self.handle_close() def handle_expt(self): self.log_info('unhandled incoming priority event', 'warning') def handle_read(self): self.log_info('unhandled read event', 'warning') def handle_write(self): self.log_info('unhandled write event', 'warning') def handle_connect(self): self.log_info('unhandled connect event', 'warning') def handle_accept(self): pair = self.accept() if pair is not None: self.handle_accepted(pair) def handle_accepted(self, sock, addr): sock.close() self.log_info('unhandled accepted event', 'warning') def handle_close(self): self.log_info('unhandled close event', 'warning') self.close() # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # adds simple buffered output capability, useful for simple clients. # [for more sophisticated usage use asynchat.async_chat] # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- class dispatcher_with_send(dispatcher): def __init__(self, sock=None, map=None): dispatcher.__init__(self, sock, map) self.out_buffer = b'' def initiate_send(self): num_sent = 0 num_sent = dispatcher.send(self, self.out_buffer[:65536]) self.out_buffer = self.out_buffer[num_sent:] def handle_write(self): self.initiate_send() def writable(self): return (not self.connected) or len(self.out_buffer) def send(self, data): if self.debug: self.log_info('sending %s' % repr(data)) self.out_buffer = self.out_buffer + data self.initiate_send() # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # used for debugging. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- def compact_traceback(): t, v, tb = sys.exc_info() tbinfo = [] if not tb: # Must have a traceback raise AssertionError("traceback does not exist") while tb: tbinfo.append(( tb.tb_frame.f_code.co_filename, tb.tb_frame.f_code.co_name, str(tb.tb_lineno) )) tb = tb.tb_next # just to be safe del tb file, function, line = tbinfo[-1] info = ' '.join(['[%s\|%s\|%s]' % x for x in tbinfo]) return (file, function, line), t, v, info def close_all(map=None, ignore_all=False): if map is None: map = socket_map for x in list(map.values()): try: x.close() except OSError as x: if x.args[0] == EBADF: pass elif not ignore_all: raise except _reraised_exceptions: raise except: if not ignore_all: raise map.clear() # Asynchronous File I/O: # # After a little research (reading man pages on various unixen, and # digging through the linux kernel), I've determined that select() # isn't meant for doing asynchronous file i/o. # Heartening, though - reading linux/mm/filemap.c shows that linux # supports asynchronous read-ahead. So _MOST_ of the time, the data # will be sitting in memory for us already when we go to read it. # # What other OS's (besides NT) support async file i/o? [VMS?] # # Regardless, this is useful for pipes, and stdin/stdout... if os.name == 'posix': class file_wrapper: # Here we override just enough to make a file # look like a socket for the purposes of asyncore. # The passed fd is automatically os.dup()'d def __init__(self, fd): self.fd = os.dup(fd) def __del__(self): if self.fd >= 0: warnings.warn("unclosed file %r" % self, ResourceWarning, source=self) self.close() def recv(self, args): return os.read(self.fd, args) def send(self, args): return os.write(self.fd, args) def getsockopt(self, level, optname, buflen=None): if (level == socket.SOL_SOCKET and optname == socket.SO_ERROR and not buflen): return 0 raise NotImplementedError("Only asyncore specific behaviour " "implemented.") read = recv write = send def close(self): if self.fd < 0: return fd = self.fd self.fd = -1 os.close(fd) def fileno(self): return self.fd class file_dispatcher(dispatcher): def __init__(self, fd, map=None): dispatcher.__init__(self, None, map) self.connected = True try: fd = fd.fileno() except AttributeError: pass self.set_file(fd) # set it to non-blocking mode os.set_blocking(fd, False) def set_file(self, fd): self.socket = file_wrapper(fd) self._fileno = self.socket.fileno() self.add_channel() Back

Edit File : asyncore.py | Size : 19.62 KB

# -*- Mode: Python -*-
#   Id: asyncore.py,v 2.51 2000/09/07 22:29:26 rushing Exp
#   Author: Sam Rushing <rushing@nightmare.com>

# ======================================================================
# Copyright 1996 by Sam Rushing
#
#                         All Rights Reserved
#
# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
# its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
# granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
# copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
# notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Sam
# Rushing not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
# distribution of the software without specific, written prior
# permission.
#
# SAM RUSHING DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
# INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN
# NO EVENT SHALL SAM RUSHING BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS
# OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
# CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
# ======================================================================

"""Basic infrastructure for asynchronous socket service clients and servers.

There are only two ways to have a program on a single processor do "more
than one thing at a time".  Multi-threaded programming is the simplest and
most popular way to do it, but there is another very different technique,
that lets you have nearly all the advantages of multi-threading, without
actually using multiple threads. it's really only practical if your program
is largely I/O bound. If your program is CPU bound, then pre-emptive
scheduled threads are probably what you really need. Network servers are
rarely CPU-bound, however.

If your operating system supports the select() system call in its I/O
library (and nearly all do), then you can use it to juggle multiple
communication channels at once; doing other work while your I/O is taking
place in the "background."  Although this strategy can seem strange and
complex, especially at first, it is in many ways easier to understand and
control than multi-threaded programming. The module documented here solves
many of the difficult problems for you, making the task of building
sophisticated high-performance network servers and clients a snap.
"""

import select
import socket
import sys
import time
import warnings

import os
from errno import EALREADY, EINPROGRESS, EWOULDBLOCK, ECONNRESET, EINVAL, \
     ENOTCONN, ESHUTDOWN, EISCONN, EBADF, ECONNABORTED, EPIPE, EAGAIN, \
     errorcode

_DISCONNECTED = frozenset({ECONNRESET, ENOTCONN, ESHUTDOWN, ECONNABORTED, EPIPE,
                           EBADF})

try:
    socket_map
except NameError:
    socket_map = {}

def _strerror(err):
    try:
        return os.strerror(err)
    except (ValueError, OverflowError, NameError):
        if err in errorcode:
            return errorcode[err]
        return "Unknown error %s" %err

class ExitNow(Exception):
    pass

_reraised_exceptions = (ExitNow, KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit)

def read(obj):
    try:
        obj.handle_read_event()
    except _reraised_exceptions:
        raise
    except:
        obj.handle_error()

def write(obj):
    try:
        obj.handle_write_event()
    except _reraised_exceptions:
        raise
    except:
        obj.handle_error()

def _exception(obj):
    try:
        obj.handle_expt_event()
    except _reraised_exceptions:
        raise
    except:
        obj.handle_error()

def readwrite(obj, flags):
    try:
        if flags & select.POLLIN:
            obj.handle_read_event()
        if flags & select.POLLOUT:
            obj.handle_write_event()
        if flags & select.POLLPRI:
            obj.handle_expt_event()
        if flags & (select.POLLHUP | select.POLLERR | select.POLLNVAL):
            obj.handle_close()
    except OSError as e:
        if e.args[0] not in _DISCONNECTED:
            obj.handle_error()
        else:
            obj.handle_close()
    except _reraised_exceptions:
        raise
    except:
        obj.handle_error()

def poll(timeout=0.0, map=None):
    if map is None:
        map = socket_map
    if map:
        r = []; w = []; e = []
        for fd, obj in list(map.items()):
            is_r = obj.readable()
            is_w = obj.writable()
            if is_r:
                r.append(fd)
            # accepting sockets should not be writable
            if is_w and not obj.accepting:
                w.append(fd)
            if is_r or is_w:
                e.append(fd)
        if [] == r == w == e:
            time.sleep(timeout)
            return

r, w, e = select.select(r, w, e, timeout)

for fd in r:
            obj = map.get(fd)
            if obj is None:
                continue
            read(obj)

for fd in w:
            obj = map.get(fd)
            if obj is None:
                continue
            write(obj)

for fd in e:
            obj = map.get(fd)
            if obj is None:
                continue
            _exception(obj)

def poll2(timeout=0.0, map=None):
    # Use the poll() support added to the select module in Python 2.0
    if map is None:
        map = socket_map
    if timeout is not None:
        # timeout is in milliseconds
        timeout = int(timeout*1000)
    pollster = select.poll()
    if map:
        for fd, obj in list(map.items()):
            flags = 0
            if obj.readable():
                flags |= select.POLLIN | select.POLLPRI
            # accepting sockets should not be writable
            if obj.writable() and not obj.accepting:
                flags |= select.POLLOUT
            if flags:
                pollster.register(fd, flags)

r = pollster.poll(timeout)
        for fd, flags in r:
            obj = map.get(fd)
            if obj is None:
                continue
            readwrite(obj, flags)

poll3 = poll2                           # Alias for backward compatibility

def loop(timeout=30.0, use_poll=False, map=None, count=None):
    if map is None:
        map = socket_map

if use_poll and hasattr(select, 'poll'):
        poll_fun = poll2
    else:
        poll_fun = poll

if count is None:
        while map:
            poll_fun(timeout, map)

else:
        while map and count > 0:
            poll_fun(timeout, map)
            count = count - 1

class dispatcher:

debug = False
    connected = False
    accepting = False
    connecting = False
    closing = False
    addr = None
    ignore_log_types = frozenset({'warning'})

def __init__(self, sock=None, map=None):
        if map is None:
            self._map = socket_map
        else:
            self._map = map

self._fileno = None

if sock:
            # Set to nonblocking just to make sure for cases where we
            # get a socket from a blocking source.
            sock.setblocking(0)
            self.set_socket(sock, map)
            self.connected = True
            # The constructor no longer requires that the socket
            # passed be connected.
            try:
                self.addr = sock.getpeername()
            except OSError as err:
                if err.args[0] in (ENOTCONN, EINVAL):
                    # To handle the case where we got an unconnected
                    # socket.
                    self.connected = False
                else:
                    # The socket is broken in some unknown way, alert
                    # the user and remove it from the map (to prevent
                    # polling of broken sockets).
                    self.del_channel(map)
                    raise
        else:
            self.socket = None

def __repr__(self):
        status = [self.__class__.__module__+"."+self.__class__.__qualname__]
        if self.accepting and self.addr:
            status.append('listening')
        elif self.connected:
            status.append('connected')
        if self.addr is not None:
            try:
                status.append('%s:%d' % self.addr)
            except TypeError:
                status.append(repr(self.addr))
        return '<%s at %#x>' % (' '.join(status), id(self))

def add_channel(self, map=None):
        #self.log_info('adding channel %s' % self)
        if map is None:
            map = self._map
        map[self._fileno] = self

def del_channel(self, map=None):
        fd = self._fileno
        if map is None:
            map = self._map
        if fd in map:
            #self.log_info('closing channel %d:%s' % (fd, self))
            del map[fd]
        self._fileno = None

def create_socket(self, family=socket.AF_INET, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM):
        self.family_and_type = family, type
        sock = socket.socket(family, type)
        sock.setblocking(0)
        self.set_socket(sock)

def set_socket(self, sock, map=None):
        self.socket = sock
        self._fileno = sock.fileno()
        self.add_channel(map)

def set_reuse_addr(self):
        # try to re-use a server port if possible
        try:
            self.socket.setsockopt(
                socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR,
                self.socket.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,
                                       socket.SO_REUSEADDR) | 1
                )
        except OSError:
            pass

# ==================================================
    # predicates for select()
    # these are used as filters for the lists of sockets
    # to pass to select().
    # ==================================================

def readable(self):
        return True

def writable(self):
        return True

# ==================================================
    # socket object methods.
    # ==================================================

def listen(self, num):
        self.accepting = True
        if os.name == 'nt' and num > 5:
            num = 5
        return self.socket.listen(num)

def bind(self, addr):
        self.addr = addr
        return self.socket.bind(addr)

def connect(self, address):
        self.connected = False
        self.connecting = True
        err = self.socket.connect_ex(address)
        if err in (EINPROGRESS, EALREADY, EWOULDBLOCK) \
        or err == EINVAL and os.name == 'nt':
            self.addr = address
            return
        if err in (0, EISCONN):
            self.addr = address
            self.handle_connect_event()
        else:
            raise OSError(err, errorcode[err])

def accept(self):
        # XXX can return either an address pair or None
        try:
            conn, addr = self.socket.accept()
        except TypeError:
            return None
        except OSError as why:
            if why.args[0] in (EWOULDBLOCK, ECONNABORTED, EAGAIN):
                return None
            else:
                raise
        else:
            return conn, addr

def send(self, data):
        try:
            result = self.socket.send(data)
            return result
        except OSError as why:
            if why.args[0] == EWOULDBLOCK:
                return 0
            elif why.args[0] in _DISCONNECTED:
                self.handle_close()
                return 0
            else:
                raise

def recv(self, buffer_size):
        try:
            data = self.socket.recv(buffer_size)
            if not data:
                # a closed connection is indicated by signaling
                # a read condition, and having recv() return 0.
                self.handle_close()
                return b''
            else:
                return data
        except OSError as why:
            # winsock sometimes raises ENOTCONN
            if why.args[0] in _DISCONNECTED:
                self.handle_close()
                return b''
            else:
                raise

def close(self):
        self.connected = False
        self.accepting = False
        self.connecting = False
        self.del_channel()
        if self.socket is not None:
            try:
                self.socket.close()
            except OSError as why:
                if why.args[0] not in (ENOTCONN, EBADF):
                    raise

# log and log_info may be overridden to provide more sophisticated
    # logging and warning methods. In general, log is for 'hit' logging
    # and 'log_info' is for informational, warning and error logging.

def log(self, message):
        sys.stderr.write('log: %s\n' % str(message))

def log_info(self, message, type='info'):
        if type not in self.ignore_log_types:
            print('%s: %s' % (type, message))

def handle_read_event(self):
        if self.accepting:
            # accepting sockets are never connected, they "spawn" new
            # sockets that are connected
            self.handle_accept()
        elif not self.connected:
            if self.connecting:
                self.handle_connect_event()
            self.handle_read()
        else:
            self.handle_read()

def handle_connect_event(self):
        err = self.socket.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_ERROR)
        if err != 0:
            raise OSError(err, _strerror(err))
        self.handle_connect()
        self.connected = True
        self.connecting = False

def handle_write_event(self):
        if self.accepting:
            # Accepting sockets shouldn't get a write event.
            # We will pretend it didn't happen.
            return

if not self.connected:
            if self.connecting:
                self.handle_connect_event()
        self.handle_write()

def handle_expt_event(self):
        # handle_expt_event() is called if there might be an error on the
        # socket, or if there is OOB data
        # check for the error condition first
        err = self.socket.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_ERROR)
        if err != 0:
            # we can get here when select.select() says that there is an
            # exceptional condition on the socket
            # since there is an error, we'll go ahead and close the socket
            # like we would in a subclassed handle_read() that received no
            # data
            self.handle_close()
        else:
            self.handle_expt()

def handle_error(self):
        nil, t, v, tbinfo = compact_traceback()

# sometimes a user repr method will crash.
        try:
            self_repr = repr(self)
        except:
            self_repr = '<__repr__(self) failed for object at %0x>' % id(self)

self.log_info(
            'uncaptured python exception, closing channel %s (%s:%s %s)' % (
                self_repr,
                t,
                v,
                tbinfo
                ),
            'error'
            )
        self.handle_close()

def handle_expt(self):
        self.log_info('unhandled incoming priority event', 'warning')

def handle_read(self):
        self.log_info('unhandled read event', 'warning')

def handle_write(self):
        self.log_info('unhandled write event', 'warning')

def handle_connect(self):
        self.log_info('unhandled connect event', 'warning')

def handle_accept(self):
        pair = self.accept()
        if pair is not None:
            self.handle_accepted(*pair)

def handle_accepted(self, sock, addr):
        sock.close()
        self.log_info('unhandled accepted event', 'warning')

def handle_close(self):
        self.log_info('unhandled close event', 'warning')
        self.close()

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# adds simple buffered output capability, useful for simple clients.
# [for more sophisticated usage use asynchat.async_chat]
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class dispatcher_with_send(dispatcher):

def __init__(self, sock=None, map=None):
        dispatcher.__init__(self, sock, map)
        self.out_buffer = b''

def initiate_send(self):
        num_sent = 0
        num_sent = dispatcher.send(self, self.out_buffer[:65536])
        self.out_buffer = self.out_buffer[num_sent:]

def handle_write(self):
        self.initiate_send()

def writable(self):
        return (not self.connected) or len(self.out_buffer)

def send(self, data):
        if self.debug:
            self.log_info('sending %s' % repr(data))
        self.out_buffer = self.out_buffer + data
        self.initiate_send()

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# used for debugging.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

def compact_traceback():
    t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
    tbinfo = []
    if not tb: # Must have a traceback
        raise AssertionError("traceback does not exist")
    while tb:
        tbinfo.append((
            tb.tb_frame.f_code.co_filename,
            tb.tb_frame.f_code.co_name,
            str(tb.tb_lineno)
            ))
        tb = tb.tb_next

# just to be safe
    del tb

file, function, line = tbinfo[-1]
    info = ' '.join(['[%s|%s|%s]' % x for x in tbinfo])
    return (file, function, line), t, v, info

def close_all(map=None, ignore_all=False):
    if map is None:
        map = socket_map
    for x in list(map.values()):
        try:
            x.close()
        except OSError as x:
            if x.args[0] == EBADF:
                pass
            elif not ignore_all:
                raise
        except _reraised_exceptions:
            raise
        except:
            if not ignore_all:
                raise
    map.clear()

# Asynchronous File I/O:
#
# After a little research (reading man pages on various unixen, and
# digging through the linux kernel), I've determined that select()
# isn't meant for doing asynchronous file i/o.
# Heartening, though - reading linux/mm/filemap.c shows that linux
# supports asynchronous read-ahead.  So _MOST_ of the time, the data
# will be sitting in memory for us already when we go to read it.
#
# What other OS's (besides NT) support async file i/o?  [VMS?]
#
# Regardless, this is useful for pipes, and stdin/stdout...

if os.name == 'posix':
    class file_wrapper:
        # Here we override just enough to make a file
        # look like a socket for the purposes of asyncore.
        # The passed fd is automatically os.dup()'d

def __init__(self, fd):
            self.fd = os.dup(fd)

def __del__(self):
            if self.fd >= 0:
                warnings.warn("unclosed file %r" % self, ResourceWarning,
                              source=self)
            self.close()

def recv(self, *args):
            return os.read(self.fd, *args)

def send(self, *args):
            return os.write(self.fd, *args)

def getsockopt(self, level, optname, buflen=None):
            if (level == socket.SOL_SOCKET and
                optname == socket.SO_ERROR and
                not buflen):
                return 0
            raise NotImplementedError("Only asyncore specific behaviour "
                                      "implemented.")

read = recv
        write = send

def close(self):
            if self.fd < 0:
                return
            fd = self.fd
            self.fd = -1
            os.close(fd)

def fileno(self):
            return self.fd

class file_dispatcher(dispatcher):

def __init__(self, fd, map=None):
            dispatcher.__init__(self, None, map)
            self.connected = True
            try:
                fd = fd.fileno()
            except AttributeError:
                pass
            self.set_file(fd)
            # set it to non-blocking mode
            os.set_blocking(fd, False)

def set_file(self, fd):
            self.socket = file_wrapper(fd)
            self._fileno = self.socket.fileno()
            self.add_channel()

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