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Edit File : benchmark.rb \| Size : 17.73 KB
=begin # # benchmark.rb - a performance benchmarking library # # $Id: benchmark.rb 15425 2008-02-10 15:24:56Z naruse $ # # Created by Gotoken (gotoken@notwork.org). # # Documentation by Gotoken (original RD), Lyle Johnson (RDoc conversion), and # Gavin Sinclair (editing). # =end # == Overview # # The Benchmark module provides methods for benchmarking Ruby code, giving # detailed reports on the time taken for each task. # # The Benchmark module provides methods to measure and report the time # used to execute Ruby code. # # * Measure the time to construct the string given by the expression # <tt>"a"1_000_000</tt>: # # require 'benchmark' # # puts Benchmark.measure { "a"1_000_000 } # # On my machine (FreeBSD 3.2 on P5, 100MHz) this generates: # # 1.166667 0.050000 1.216667 ( 0.571355) # # This report shows the user CPU time, system CPU time, the sum of # the user and system CPU times, and the elapsed real time. The unit # of time is seconds. # # * Do some experiments sequentially using the #bm method: # # require 'benchmark' # # n = 50000 # Benchmark.bm do \|x\| # x.report { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end } # x.report { n.times do ; a = "1"; end } # x.report { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end } # end # # The result: # # user system total real # 1.033333 0.016667 1.016667 ( 0.492106) # 1.483333 0.000000 1.483333 ( 0.694605) # 1.516667 0.000000 1.516667 ( 0.711077) # # * Continuing the previous example, put a label in each report: # # require 'benchmark' # # n = 50000 # Benchmark.bm(7) do \|x\| # x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end } # x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end } # x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end } # end # # The result: # # user system total real # for: 1.050000 0.000000 1.050000 ( 0.503462) # times: 1.533333 0.016667 1.550000 ( 0.735473) # upto: 1.500000 0.016667 1.516667 ( 0.711239) # # # * The times for some benchmarks depend on the order in which items # are run. These differences are due to the cost of memory # allocation and garbage collection. To avoid these discrepancies, # the #bmbm method is provided. For example, to compare ways to # sort an array of floats: # # require 'benchmark' # # array = (1..1000000).map { rand } # # Benchmark.bmbm do \|x\| # x.report("sort!") { array.dup.sort! } # x.report("sort") { array.dup.sort } # end # # The result: # # Rehearsal ----------------------------------------- # sort! 11.928000 0.010000 11.938000 ( 12.756000) # sort 13.048000 0.020000 13.068000 ( 13.857000) # ------------------------------- total: 25.006000sec # # user system total real # sort! 12.959000 0.010000 12.969000 ( 13.793000) # sort 12.007000 0.000000 12.007000 ( 12.791000) # # # * Report statistics of sequential experiments with unique labels, # using the #benchmark method: # # require 'benchmark' # # n = 50000 # Benchmark.benchmark(" "7 + CAPTION, 7, FMTSTR, ">total:", ">avg:") do \|x\| # tf = x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end } # tt = x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end } # tu = x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end } # [tf+tt+tu, (tf+tt+tu)/3] # end # # The result: # # user system total real # for: 1.016667 0.016667 1.033333 ( 0.485749) # times: 1.450000 0.016667 1.466667 ( 0.681367) # upto: 1.533333 0.000000 1.533333 ( 0.722166) # >total: 4.000000 0.033333 4.033333 ( 1.889282) # >avg: 1.333333 0.011111 1.344444 ( 0.629761) module Benchmark BENCHMARK_VERSION = "2002-04-25" #:nodoc" def Benchmark::times() # :nodoc: Process::times() end # Invokes the block with a <tt>Benchmark::Report</tt> object, which # may be used to collect and report on the results of individual # benchmark tests. Reserves <i>label_width</i> leading spaces for # labels on each line. Prints _caption_ at the top of the # report, and uses _fmt_ to format each line. # If the block returns an array of # <tt>Benchmark::Tms</tt> objects, these will be used to format # additional lines of output. If _label_ parameters are # given, these are used to label these extra lines. # # _Note_: Other methods provide a simpler interface to this one, and are # suitable for nearly all benchmarking requirements. See the examples in # Benchmark, and the #bm and #bmbm methods. # # Example: # # require 'benchmark' # include Benchmark # we need the CAPTION and FMTSTR constants # # n = 50000 # Benchmark.benchmark(" "7 + CAPTION, 7, FMTSTR, ">total:", ">avg:") do \|x\| # tf = x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end } # tt = x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end } # tu = x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end } # [tf+tt+tu, (tf+tt+tu)/3] # end # # <i>Generates:</i> # # user system total real # for: 1.016667 0.016667 1.033333 ( 0.485749) # times: 1.450000 0.016667 1.466667 ( 0.681367) # upto: 1.533333 0.000000 1.533333 ( 0.722166) # >total: 4.000000 0.033333 4.033333 ( 1.889282) # >avg: 1.333333 0.011111 1.344444 ( 0.629761) # def benchmark(caption = "", label_width = nil, fmtstr = nil, labels) # :yield: report sync = STDOUT.sync STDOUT.sync = true label_width \|\|= 0 fmtstr \|\|= FMTSTR raise ArgumentError, "no block" unless iterator? print caption results = yield(Report.new(label_width, fmtstr)) Array === results and results.grep(Tms).each {\|t\| print((labels.shift \|\| t.label \|\| "").ljust(label_width), t.format(fmtstr)) } STDOUT.sync = sync end # A simple interface to the #benchmark method, #bm is generates sequential reports # with labels. The parameters have the same meaning as for #benchmark. # # require 'benchmark' # # n = 50000 # Benchmark.bm(7) do \|x\| # x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end } # x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end } # x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end } # end # # <i>Generates:</i> # # user system total real # for: 1.050000 0.000000 1.050000 ( 0.503462) # times: 1.533333 0.016667 1.550000 ( 0.735473) # upto: 1.500000 0.016667 1.516667 ( 0.711239) # def bm(label_width = 0, labels, &blk) # :yield: report benchmark(" "label_width + CAPTION, label_width, FMTSTR, labels, &blk) end # Sometimes benchmark results are skewed because code executed # earlier encounters different garbage collection overheads than # that run later. #bmbm attempts to minimize this effect by running # the tests twice, the first time as a rehearsal in order to get the # runtime environment stable, the second time for # real. <tt>GC.start</tt> is executed before the start of each of # the real timings; the cost of this is not included in the # timings. In reality, though, there's only so much that #bmbm can # do, and the results are not guaranteed to be isolated from garbage # collection and other effects. # # Because #bmbm takes two passes through the tests, it can # calculate the required label width. # # require 'benchmark' # # array = (1..1000000).map { rand } # # Benchmark.bmbm do \|x\| # x.report("sort!") { array.dup.sort! } # x.report("sort") { array.dup.sort } # end # # <i>Generates:</i> # # Rehearsal ----------------------------------------- # sort! 11.928000 0.010000 11.938000 ( 12.756000) # sort 13.048000 0.020000 13.068000 ( 13.857000) # ------------------------------- total: 25.006000sec # # user system total real # sort! 12.959000 0.010000 12.969000 ( 13.793000) # sort 12.007000 0.000000 12.007000 ( 12.791000) # # #bmbm yields a Benchmark::Job object and returns an array of # Benchmark::Tms objects. # def bmbm(width = 0, &blk) # :yield: job job = Job.new(width) yield(job) width = job.width sync = STDOUT.sync STDOUT.sync = true # rehearsal print "Rehearsal " puts '-'(width+CAPTION.length - "Rehearsal ".length) list = [] job.list.each{\|label,item\| print(label.ljust(width)) res = Benchmark::measure(&item) print res.format() list.push res } sum = Tms.new; list.each{\|i\| sum += i} ets = sum.format("total: %tsec") printf("%s %s\n\n", "-"(width+CAPTION.length-ets.length-1), ets) # take print ' 'width, CAPTION list = [] ary = [] job.list.each{\|label,item\| GC::start print label.ljust(width) res = Benchmark::measure(&item) print res.format() ary.push res list.push [label, res] } STDOUT.sync = sync ary end # # Returns the time used to execute the given block as a # Benchmark::Tms object. # def measure(label = "") # :yield: t0, r0 = Benchmark.times, Time.now yield t1, r1 = Benchmark.times, Time.now Benchmark::Tms.new(t1.utime - t0.utime, t1.stime - t0.stime, t1.cutime - t0.cutime, t1.cstime - t0.cstime, r1.to_f - r0.to_f, label) end # # Returns the elapsed real time used to execute the given block. # def realtime(&blk) # :yield: r0 = Time.now yield r1 = Time.now r1.to_f - r0.to_f end # # A Job is a sequence of labelled blocks to be processed by the # Benchmark.bmbm method. It is of little direct interest to the user. # class Job # :nodoc: # # Returns an initialized Job instance. # Usually, one doesn't call this method directly, as new # Job objects are created by the #bmbm method. # _width_ is a initial value for the label offset used in formatting; # the #bmbm method passes its _width_ argument to this constructor. # def initialize(width) @width = width @list = [] end # # Registers the given label and block pair in the job list. # def item(label = "", &blk) # :yield: raise ArgumentError, "no block" unless block_given? label += ' ' w = label.length @width = w if @width < w @list.push [label, blk] self end alias report item # An array of 2-element arrays, consisting of label and block pairs. attr_reader :list # Length of the widest label in the #list, plus one. attr_reader :width end module_function :benchmark, :measure, :realtime, :bm, :bmbm # # This class is used by the Benchmark.benchmark and Benchmark.bm methods. # It is of little direct interest to the user. # class Report # :nodoc: # # Returns an initialized Report instance. # Usually, one doesn't call this method directly, as new # Report objects are created by the #benchmark and #bm methods. # _width_ and _fmtstr_ are the label offset and # format string used by Tms#format. # def initialize(width = 0, fmtstr = nil) @width, @fmtstr = width, fmtstr end # # Prints the _label_ and measured time for the block, # formatted by _fmt_. See Tms#format for the # formatting rules. # def item(label = "", fmt, &blk) # :yield: print label.ljust(@width) res = Benchmark::measure(&blk) print res.format(@fmtstr, fmt) res end alias report item end # # A data object, representing the times associated with a benchmark # measurement. # class Tms CAPTION = " user system total real\n" FMTSTR = "%10.6u %10.6y %10.6t %10.6r\n" # User CPU time attr_reader :utime # System CPU time attr_reader :stime # User CPU time of children attr_reader :cutime # System CPU time of children attr_reader :cstime # Elapsed real time attr_reader :real # Total time, that is _utime_ + _stime_ + _cutime_ + _cstime_ attr_reader :total # Label attr_reader :label # # Returns an initialized Tms object which has # _u_ as the user CPU time, _s_ as the system CPU time, # _cu_ as the children's user CPU time, _cs_ as the children's # system CPU time, _real_ as the elapsed real time and _l_ # as the label. # def initialize(u = 0.0, s = 0.0, cu = 0.0, cs = 0.0, real = 0.0, l = nil) @utime, @stime, @cutime, @cstime, @real, @label = u, s, cu, cs, real, l @total = @utime + @stime + @cutime + @cstime end # # Returns a new Tms object whose times are the sum of the times for this # Tms object, plus the time required to execute the code block (_blk_). # def add(&blk) # :yield: self + Benchmark::measure(&blk) end # # An in-place version of #add. # def add! t = Benchmark::measure(&blk) @utime = utime + t.utime @stime = stime + t.stime @cutime = cutime + t.cutime @cstime = cstime + t.cstime @real = real + t.real self end # # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise summation # of the individual times for this Tms object with those of the other # Tms object. # This method and #/() are useful for taking statistics. # def +(other); memberwise(:+, other) end # # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise subtraction # of the individual times for the other Tms object from those of this # Tms object. # def -(other); memberwise(:-, other) end # # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise multiplication # of the individual times for this Tms object by _x_. # def (x); memberwise(:, x) end # # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise division # of the individual times for this Tms object by _x_. # This method and #+() are useful for taking statistics. # def /(x); memberwise(:/, x) end # # Returns the contents of this Tms object as # a formatted string, according to a format string # like that passed to Kernel.format. In addition, #format # accepts the following extensions: # # <tt>%u</tt>:: Replaced by the user CPU time, as reported by Tms#utime. # <tt>%y</tt>:: Replaced by the system CPU time, as reported by #stime (Mnemonic: y of "system") # <tt>%U</tt>:: Replaced by the children's user CPU time, as reported by Tms#cutime # <tt>%Y</tt>:: Replaced by the children's system CPU time, as reported by Tms#cstime # <tt>%t</tt>:: Replaced by the total CPU time, as reported by Tms#total # <tt>%r</tt>:: Replaced by the elapsed real time, as reported by Tms#real # <tt>%n</tt>:: Replaced by the label string, as reported by Tms#label (Mnemonic: n of "name") # # If _fmtstr_ is not given, FMTSTR is used as default value, detailing the # user, system and real elapsed time. # def format(arg0 = nil, args) fmtstr = (arg0 \|\| FMTSTR).dup fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d])n/){"#{$1}s" % label} fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d])u/){"#{$1}f" % utime} fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d])y/){"#{$1}f" % stime} fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d])U/){"#{$1}f" % cutime} fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d])Y/){"#{$1}f" % cstime} fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d])t/){"#{$1}f" % total} fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d])r/){"(#{$1}f)" % real} arg0 ? Kernel::format(fmtstr, args) : fmtstr end # # Same as #format. # def to_s format end # # Returns a new 6-element array, consisting of the # label, user CPU time, system CPU time, children's # user CPU time, children's system CPU time and elapsed # real time. # def to_a [@label, @utime, @stime, @cutime, @cstime, @real] end protected def memberwise(op, x) case x when Benchmark::Tms Benchmark::Tms.new(utime.__send__(op, x.utime), stime.__send__(op, x.stime), cutime.__send__(op, x.cutime), cstime.__send__(op, x.cstime), real.__send__(op, x.real) ) else Benchmark::Tms.new(utime.__send__(op, x), stime.__send__(op, x), cutime.__send__(op, x), cstime.__send__(op, x), real.__send__(op, x) ) end end end # The default caption string (heading above the output times). CAPTION = Benchmark::Tms::CAPTION # The default format string used to display times. See also Benchmark::Tms#format. FMTSTR = Benchmark::Tms::FMTSTR end if __FILE__ == $0 include Benchmark n = ARGV[0].to_i.nonzero? \|\| 50000 puts %Q([#{n} times iterations of `a = "1"']) benchmark(" " + CAPTION, 7, FMTSTR) do \|x\| x.report("for:") {for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end} # Benchmark::measure x.report("times:") {n.times do ; a = "1"; end} x.report("upto:") {1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end} end benchmark do [ measure{for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end}, # Benchmark::measure measure{n.times do ; a = "1"; end}, measure{1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end} ] end end Back

Edit File : benchmark.rb | Size : 17.73 KB

=begin
#
# benchmark.rb - a performance benchmarking library 
# 
# $Id: benchmark.rb 15425 2008-02-10 15:24:56Z naruse $
# 
# Created by Gotoken (gotoken@notwork.org). 
#
# Documentation by Gotoken (original RD), Lyle Johnson (RDoc conversion), and
# Gavin Sinclair (editing). 
#
=end

# == Overview
#
# The Benchmark module provides methods for benchmarking Ruby code, giving
# detailed reports on the time taken for each task.
#

# The Benchmark module provides methods to measure and report the time
# used to execute Ruby code.
#
# * Measure the time to construct the string given by the expression
# <tt>"a"*1_000_000</tt>:
#
# require 'benchmark'
#
# puts Benchmark.measure { "a"*1_000_000 }
# 
# On my machine (FreeBSD 3.2 on P5, 100MHz) this generates:
# 
# 1.166667 0.050000 1.216667 ( 0.571355)
# 
# This report shows the user CPU time, system CPU time, the sum of
# the user and system CPU times, and the elapsed real time. The unit
# of time is seconds.
# 
# * Do some experiments sequentially using the #bm method:
#
# require 'benchmark'
#
# n = 50000
# Benchmark.bm do |x|
# x.report { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
# x.report { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }
# x.report { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
# end
# 
# The result:
#
# user system total real
# 1.033333 0.016667 1.016667 ( 0.492106)
# 1.483333 0.000000 1.483333 ( 0.694605)
# 1.516667 0.000000 1.516667 ( 0.711077)
#
# * Continuing the previous example, put a label in each report:
#
# require 'benchmark'
#
# n = 50000
# Benchmark.bm(7) do |x|
# x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
# x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }
# x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
# end
# 
# The result:
# 
# user system total real
# for: 1.050000 0.000000 1.050000 ( 0.503462)
# times: 1.533333 0.016667 1.550000 ( 0.735473)
# upto: 1.500000 0.016667 1.516667 ( 0.711239)
# 
#
# * The times for some benchmarks depend on the order in which items
# are run. These differences are due to the cost of memory
# allocation and garbage collection. To avoid these discrepancies,
# the #bmbm method is provided. For example, to compare ways to
# sort an array of floats:
#
# require 'benchmark'
# 
# array = (1..1000000).map { rand }
# 
# Benchmark.bmbm do |x|
# x.report("sort!") { array.dup.sort! }
# x.report("sort") { array.dup.sort }
# end
# 
# The result:
# 
# Rehearsal -----------------------------------------
# sort! 11.928000 0.010000 11.938000 ( 12.756000)
# sort 13.048000 0.020000 13.068000 ( 13.857000)
# ------------------------------- total: 25.006000sec
# 
# user system total real
# sort! 12.959000 0.010000 12.969000 ( 13.793000)
# sort 12.007000 0.000000 12.007000 ( 12.791000)
#
#
# * Report statistics of sequential experiments with unique labels,
# using the #benchmark method:
#
# require 'benchmark'
#
# n = 50000
# Benchmark.benchmark(" "*7 + CAPTION, 7, FMTSTR, ">total:", ">avg:") do |x|
# tf = x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
# tt = x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }
# tu = x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
# [tf+tt+tu, (tf+tt+tu)/3]
# end
# 
# The result:
# 
# user system total real
# for: 1.016667 0.016667 1.033333 ( 0.485749)
# times: 1.450000 0.016667 1.466667 ( 0.681367)
# upto: 1.533333 0.000000 1.533333 ( 0.722166)
# >total: 4.000000 0.033333 4.033333 ( 1.889282)
# >avg: 1.333333 0.011111 1.344444 ( 0.629761)

module Benchmark

BENCHMARK_VERSION = "2002-04-25" #:nodoc"

def Benchmark::times() # :nodoc:
      Process::times()
  end

# Invokes the block with a <tt>Benchmark::Report</tt> object, which
 # may be used to collect and report on the results of individual
 # benchmark tests. Reserves label_width leading spaces for
 # labels on each line. Prints _caption_ at the top of the
 # report, and uses _fmt_ to format each line.
 # If the block returns an array of
 # <tt>Benchmark::Tms</tt> objects, these will be used to format
 # additional lines of output. If _label_ parameters are
 # given, these are used to label these extra lines.
 #
 # _Note_: Other methods provide a simpler interface to this one, and are
 # suitable for nearly all benchmarking requirements. See the examples in
 # Benchmark, and the #bm and #bmbm methods.
 #
 # Example: 
 #
 # require 'benchmark'
 # include Benchmark # we need the CAPTION and FMTSTR constants 
 #
 # n = 50000
 # Benchmark.benchmark(" "*7 + CAPTION, 7, FMTSTR, ">total:", ">avg:") do |x|
 # tf = x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
 # tt = x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }
 # tu = x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
 # [tf+tt+tu, (tf+tt+tu)/3]
 # end
 # 
 # Generates:
 # 
 # user system total real
 # for: 1.016667 0.016667 1.033333 ( 0.485749)
 # times: 1.450000 0.016667 1.466667 ( 0.681367)
 # upto: 1.533333 0.000000 1.533333 ( 0.722166)
 # >total: 4.000000 0.033333 4.033333 ( 1.889282)
 # >avg: 1.333333 0.011111 1.344444 ( 0.629761)
 #

def benchmark(caption = "", label_width = nil, fmtstr = nil, *labels) # :yield: report
    sync = STDOUT.sync
    STDOUT.sync = true
    label_width ||= 0
    fmtstr ||= FMTSTR
    raise ArgumentError, "no block" unless iterator?
    print caption
    results = yield(Report.new(label_width, fmtstr))
    Array === results and results.grep(Tms).each {|t|
      print((labels.shift || t.label || "").ljust(label_width), 
            t.format(fmtstr))
    }
    STDOUT.sync = sync
  end

# A simple interface to the #benchmark method, #bm is generates sequential reports
 # with labels. The parameters have the same meaning as for #benchmark.
 # 
 # require 'benchmark'
 #
 # n = 50000
 # Benchmark.bm(7) do |x|
 # x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
 # x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }
 # x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
 # end
 # 
 # Generates:
 # 
 # user system total real
 # for: 1.050000 0.000000 1.050000 ( 0.503462)
 # times: 1.533333 0.016667 1.550000 ( 0.735473)
 # upto: 1.500000 0.016667 1.516667 ( 0.711239)
 #

def bm(label_width = 0, *labels, &blk) # :yield: report
    benchmark(" "*label_width + CAPTION, label_width, FMTSTR, *labels, &blk)
  end

# Sometimes benchmark results are skewed because code executed
 # earlier encounters different garbage collection overheads than
 # that run later. #bmbm attempts to minimize this effect by running
 # the tests twice, the first time as a rehearsal in order to get the
 # runtime environment stable, the second time for
 # real. <tt>GC.start</tt> is executed before the start of each of
 # the real timings; the cost of this is not included in the
 # timings. In reality, though, there's only so much that #bmbm can
 # do, and the results are not guaranteed to be isolated from garbage
 # collection and other effects.
 #
 # Because #bmbm takes two passes through the tests, it can
 # calculate the required label width.
 #
 # require 'benchmark'
 # 
 # array = (1..1000000).map { rand }
 # 
 # Benchmark.bmbm do |x|
 # x.report("sort!") { array.dup.sort! }
 # x.report("sort") { array.dup.sort }
 # end
 # 
 # Generates:
 # 
 # Rehearsal -----------------------------------------
 # sort! 11.928000 0.010000 11.938000 ( 12.756000)
 # sort 13.048000 0.020000 13.068000 ( 13.857000)
 # ------------------------------- total: 25.006000sec
 # 
 # user system total real
 # sort! 12.959000 0.010000 12.969000 ( 13.793000)
 # sort 12.007000 0.000000 12.007000 ( 12.791000)
 #
 # #bmbm yields a Benchmark::Job object and returns an array of
 # Benchmark::Tms objects.
 #
 def bmbm(width = 0, &blk) # :yield: job
 job = Job.new(width)
 yield(job)
 width = job.width
 sync = STDOUT.sync
 STDOUT.sync = true

# rehearsal
    print "Rehearsal "
    puts '-'*(width+CAPTION.length - "Rehearsal ".length)
    list = []
    job.list.each{|label,item|
      print(label.ljust(width))
      res = Benchmark::measure(&item)
      print res.format()
      list.push res
    }
    sum = Tms.new; list.each{|i| sum += i}
    ets = sum.format("total: %tsec")
    printf("%s %s\n\n",
           "-"*(width+CAPTION.length-ets.length-1), ets)
    
    # take
    print ' '*width, CAPTION
    list = []
    ary = []
    job.list.each{|label,item|
      GC::start
      print label.ljust(width)
      res = Benchmark::measure(&item)
      print res.format()
      ary.push res
      list.push [label, res]
    }

STDOUT.sync = sync
    ary
  end

# 
  # Returns the time used to execute the given block as a
  # Benchmark::Tms object.
  #
  def measure(label = "") # :yield:
    t0, r0 = Benchmark.times, Time.now
    yield
    t1, r1 = Benchmark.times, Time.now
    Benchmark::Tms.new(t1.utime  - t0.utime, 
                       t1.stime  - t0.stime, 
                       t1.cutime - t0.cutime, 
                       t1.cstime - t0.cstime, 
                       r1.to_f - r0.to_f,
                       label)
  end

#
  # Returns the elapsed real time used to execute the given block.
  #
  def realtime(&blk) # :yield:
    r0 = Time.now
    yield
    r1 = Time.now
    r1.to_f - r0.to_f
  end

#
  # A Job is a sequence of labelled blocks to be processed by the
  # Benchmark.bmbm method.  It is of little direct interest to the user.
  #
  class Job # :nodoc:
    #
    # Returns an initialized Job instance.
    # Usually, one doesn't call this method directly, as new
    # Job objects are created by the #bmbm method.
    # _width_ is a initial value for the label offset used in formatting;
    # the #bmbm method passes its _width_ argument to this constructor. 
    # 
    def initialize(width)
      @width = width
      @list = []
    end

#
 # Registers the given label and block pair in the job list.
 #
 def item(label = "", &blk) # :yield:
 raise ArgumentError, "no block" unless block_given?
 label += ' '
 w = label.length
 @width = w if @width < w
 @list.push [label, blk]
 self
 end

alias report item
    
    # An array of 2-element arrays, consisting of label and block pairs.
    attr_reader :list
    
    # Length of the widest label in the #list, plus one.  
    attr_reader :width
  end

module_function :benchmark, :measure, :realtime, :bm, :bmbm

#
  # This class is used by the Benchmark.benchmark and Benchmark.bm methods.
  # It is of little direct interest to the user.
  #
  class Report # :nodoc:
    #
    # Returns an initialized Report instance.
    # Usually, one doesn't call this method directly, as new
    # Report objects are created by the #benchmark and #bm methods. 
    # _width_ and _fmtstr_ are the label offset and 
    # format string used by Tms#format. 
    # 
    def initialize(width = 0, fmtstr = nil)
      @width, @fmtstr = width, fmtstr
    end

#
    # Prints the _label_ and measured time for the block,
    # formatted by _fmt_. See Tms#format for the
    # formatting rules.
    #
    def item(label = "", *fmt, &blk) # :yield:
      print label.ljust(@width)
      res = Benchmark::measure(&blk)
      print res.format(@fmtstr, *fmt)
      res
    end

alias report item
  end

#
  # A data object, representing the times associated with a benchmark
  # measurement.
  #
  class Tms
    CAPTION = "      user     system      total        real\n"
    FMTSTR = "%10.6u %10.6y %10.6t %10.6r\n"

# User CPU time
    attr_reader :utime
    
    # System CPU time
    attr_reader :stime
   
    # User CPU time of children
    attr_reader :cutime
    
    # System CPU time of children
    attr_reader :cstime
    
    # Elapsed real time
    attr_reader :real
    
    # Total time, that is _utime_ + _stime_ + _cutime_ + _cstime_ 
    attr_reader :total
    
    # Label
    attr_reader :label

#
    # Returns an initialized Tms object which has
    # _u_ as the user CPU time, _s_ as the system CPU time, 
    # _cu_ as the children's user CPU time, _cs_ as the children's
    # system CPU time, _real_ as the elapsed real time and _l_
    # as the label. 
    # 
    def initialize(u = 0.0, s = 0.0, cu = 0.0, cs = 0.0, real = 0.0, l = nil)
      @utime, @stime, @cutime, @cstime, @real, @label = u, s, cu, cs, real, l
      @total = @utime + @stime + @cutime + @cstime
    end

# 
    # Returns a new Tms object whose times are the sum of the times for this
    # Tms object, plus the time required to execute the code block (_blk_).
    # 
    def add(&blk) # :yield:
      self + Benchmark::measure(&blk) 
    end

# 
    # An in-place version of #add.
    # 
    def add!
      t = Benchmark::measure(&blk) 
      @utime  = utime + t.utime
      @stime  = stime + t.stime
      @cutime = cutime + t.cutime
      @cstime = cstime + t.cstime
      @real   = real + t.real
      self
    end

# 
    # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise summation
    # of the individual times for this Tms object with those of the other
    # Tms object.
    # This method and #/() are useful for taking statistics. 
    # 
    def +(other); memberwise(:+, other) end
    
    #
    # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise subtraction
    # of the individual times for the other Tms object from those of this
    # Tms object.
    #
    def -(other); memberwise(:-, other) end
    
    #
    # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise multiplication
    # of the individual times for this Tms object by _x_.
    #
    def *(x); memberwise(:*, x) end

# 
    # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise division
    # of the individual times for this Tms object by _x_.
    # This method and #+() are useful for taking statistics. 
    # 
    def /(x); memberwise(:/, x) end

#
 # Returns the contents of this Tms object as
 # a formatted string, according to a format string
 # like that passed to Kernel.format. In addition, #format
 # accepts the following extensions:
 #
 # <tt>%u</tt>:: Replaced by the user CPU time, as reported by Tms#utime.
 # <tt>%y</tt>:: Replaced by the system CPU time, as reported by #stime (Mnemonic: y of "s*y*stem")
 # <tt>%U</tt>:: Replaced by the children's user CPU time, as reported by Tms#cutime 
 # <tt>%Y</tt>:: Replaced by the children's system CPU time, as reported by Tms#cstime
 # <tt>%t</tt>:: Replaced by the total CPU time, as reported by Tms#total
 # <tt>%r</tt>:: Replaced by the elapsed real time, as reported by Tms#real
 # <tt>%n</tt>:: Replaced by the label string, as reported by Tms#label (Mnemonic: n of "*n*ame")
 # 
 # If _fmtstr_ is not given, FMTSTR is used as default value, detailing the
 # user, system and real elapsed time.
 # 
 def format(arg0 = nil, *args)
 fmtstr = (arg0 || FMTSTR).dup
 fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)n/){"#{$1}s" % label}
 fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)u/){"#{$1}f" % utime}
 fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)y/){"#{$1}f" % stime}
 fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)U/){"#{$1}f" % cutime}
 fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)Y/){"#{$1}f" % cstime}
 fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)t/){"#{$1}f" % total}
 fmtstr.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)r/){"(#{$1}f)" % real}
 arg0 ? Kernel::format(fmtstr, *args) : fmtstr
 end

# 
    # Same as #format.
    # 
    def to_s
      format
    end

# 
    # Returns a new 6-element array, consisting of the
    # label, user CPU time, system CPU time, children's
    # user CPU time, children's system CPU time and elapsed
    # real time.
    # 
    def to_a
      [@label, @utime, @stime, @cutime, @cstime, @real]
    end

protected
    def memberwise(op, x)
      case x
      when Benchmark::Tms
        Benchmark::Tms.new(utime.__send__(op, x.utime),
                           stime.__send__(op, x.stime),
                           cutime.__send__(op, x.cutime),
                           cstime.__send__(op, x.cstime),
                           real.__send__(op, x.real)
                           )
      else
        Benchmark::Tms.new(utime.__send__(op, x),
                           stime.__send__(op, x),
                           cutime.__send__(op, x),
                           cstime.__send__(op, x),
                           real.__send__(op, x)
                           )
      end
    end
  end

# The default caption string (heading above the output times).
  CAPTION = Benchmark::Tms::CAPTION

# The default format string used to display times.  See also Benchmark::Tms#format. 
  FMTSTR = Benchmark::Tms::FMTSTR
end

if __FILE__ == $0
  include Benchmark

n = ARGV[0].to_i.nonzero? || 50000
  puts %Q([#{n} times iterations of `a = "1"'])
  benchmark("       " + CAPTION, 7, FMTSTR) do |x|
    x.report("for:")   {for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end} # Benchmark::measure
    x.report("times:") {n.times do   ; a = "1"; end}
    x.report("upto:")  {1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end}
  end

benchmark do
    [
      measure{for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end},  # Benchmark::measure
      measure{n.times do   ; a = "1"; end},
      measure{1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end}
    ]
  end
end

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