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Edit File : benchmark.rb \| Size : 18.66 KB
# frozen_string_literal: true #-- # benchmark.rb - a performance benchmarking library # # $Id$ # # Created by Gotoken (gotoken@notwork.org). # # Documentation by Gotoken (original RD), Lyle Johnson (RDoc conversion), and # Gavin Sinclair (editing). #++ # # == Overview # # The Benchmark module provides methods for benchmarking Ruby code, giving # detailed reports on the time taken for each task. # # The Benchmark module provides methods to measure and report the time # used to execute Ruby code. # # * Measure the time to construct the string given by the expression # <code>"a"1_000_000_000</code>: # # require 'benchmark' # # puts Benchmark.measure { "a"1_000_000_000 } # # On my machine (OSX 10.8.3 on i5 1.7 GHz) this generates: # # 0.350000 0.400000 0.750000 ( 0.835234) # # This report shows the user CPU time, system CPU time, the sum of # the user and system CPU times, and the elapsed real time. The unit # of time is seconds. # # * Do some experiments sequentially using the #bm method: # # require 'benchmark' # # n = 5000000 # Benchmark.bm do \|x\| # x.report { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end } # x.report { n.times do ; a = "1"; end } # x.report { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end } # end # # The result: # # user system total real # 1.010000 0.000000 1.010000 ( 1.014479) # 1.000000 0.000000 1.000000 ( 0.998261) # 0.980000 0.000000 0.980000 ( 0.981335) # # * Continuing the previous example, put a label in each report: # # require 'benchmark' # # n = 5000000 # Benchmark.bm(7) do \|x\| # x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end } # x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end } # x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end } # end # # The result: # # user system total real # for: 1.010000 0.000000 1.010000 ( 1.015688) # times: 1.000000 0.000000 1.000000 ( 1.003611) # upto: 1.030000 0.000000 1.030000 ( 1.028098) # # * The times for some benchmarks depend on the order in which items # are run. These differences are due to the cost of memory # allocation and garbage collection. To avoid these discrepancies, # the #bmbm method is provided. For example, to compare ways to # sort an array of floats: # # require 'benchmark' # # array = (1..1000000).map { rand } # # Benchmark.bmbm do \|x\| # x.report("sort!") { array.dup.sort! } # x.report("sort") { array.dup.sort } # end # # The result: # # Rehearsal ----------------------------------------- # sort! 1.490000 0.010000 1.500000 ( 1.490520) # sort 1.460000 0.000000 1.460000 ( 1.463025) # -------------------------------- total: 2.960000sec # # user system total real # sort! 1.460000 0.000000 1.460000 ( 1.460465) # sort 1.450000 0.010000 1.460000 ( 1.448327) # # * Report statistics of sequential experiments with unique labels, # using the #benchmark method: # # require 'benchmark' # include Benchmark # we need the CAPTION and FORMAT constants # # n = 5000000 # Benchmark.benchmark(CAPTION, 7, FORMAT, ">total:", ">avg:") do \|x\| # tf = x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end } # tt = x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end } # tu = x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end } # [tf+tt+tu, (tf+tt+tu)/3] # end # # The result: # # user system total real # for: 0.950000 0.000000 0.950000 ( 0.952039) # times: 0.980000 0.000000 0.980000 ( 0.984938) # upto: 0.950000 0.000000 0.950000 ( 0.946787) # >total: 2.880000 0.000000 2.880000 ( 2.883764) # >avg: 0.960000 0.000000 0.960000 ( 0.961255) module Benchmark VERSION = "0.4.0" BENCHMARK_VERSION = "2002-04-25" # :nodoc: # Invokes the block with a Benchmark::Report object, which # may be used to collect and report on the results of individual # benchmark tests. Reserves +label_width+ leading spaces for # labels on each line. Prints +caption+ at the top of the # report, and uses +format+ to format each line. # (Note: +caption+ must contain a terminating newline character, # see the default Benchmark::Tms::CAPTION for an example.) # # Returns an array of Benchmark::Tms objects. # # If the block returns an array of # Benchmark::Tms objects, these will be used to format # additional lines of output. If +labels+ parameter are # given, these are used to label these extra lines. # # _Note_: Other methods provide a simpler interface to this one, and are # suitable for nearly all benchmarking requirements. See the examples in # Benchmark, and the #bm and #bmbm methods. # # Example: # # require 'benchmark' # include Benchmark # we need the CAPTION and FORMAT constants # # n = 5000000 # Benchmark.benchmark(CAPTION, 7, FORMAT, ">total:", ">avg:") do \|x\| # tf = x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end } # tt = x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end } # tu = x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end } # [tf+tt+tu, (tf+tt+tu)/3] # end # # Generates: # # user system total real # for: 0.970000 0.000000 0.970000 ( 0.970493) # times: 0.990000 0.000000 0.990000 ( 0.989542) # upto: 0.970000 0.000000 0.970000 ( 0.972854) # >total: 2.930000 0.000000 2.930000 ( 2.932889) # >avg: 0.976667 0.000000 0.976667 ( 0.977630) # def benchmark(caption = "", label_width = nil, format = nil, labels) # :yield: report sync = $stdout.sync $stdout.sync = true label_width \|\|= 0 label_width += 1 format \|\|= FORMAT report = Report.new(label_width, format) results = yield(report) print " " report.width + caption unless caption.empty? report.list.each { \|i\| print i.label.to_s.ljust(report.width) print i.format(report.format, format) } Array === results and results.grep(Tms).each {\|t\| print((labels.shift \|\| t.label \|\| "").ljust(label_width), t.format(format)) } report.list ensure $stdout.sync = sync unless sync.nil? end # A simple interface to the #benchmark method, #bm generates sequential # reports with labels. +label_width+ and +labels+ parameters have the same # meaning as for #benchmark. # # require 'benchmark' # # n = 5000000 # Benchmark.bm(7) do \|x\| # x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end } # x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end } # x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end } # end # # Generates: # # user system total real # for: 0.960000 0.000000 0.960000 ( 0.957966) # times: 0.960000 0.000000 0.960000 ( 0.960423) # upto: 0.950000 0.000000 0.950000 ( 0.954864) # def bm(label_width = 0, labels, &blk) # :yield: report benchmark(CAPTION, label_width, FORMAT, labels, &blk) end # Sometimes benchmark results are skewed because code executed # earlier encounters different garbage collection overheads than # that run later. #bmbm attempts to minimize this effect by running # the tests twice, the first time as a rehearsal in order to get the # runtime environment stable, the second time for # real. GC.start is executed before the start of each of # the real timings; the cost of this is not included in the # timings. In reality, though, there's only so much that #bmbm can # do, and the results are not guaranteed to be isolated from garbage # collection and other effects. # # Because #bmbm takes two passes through the tests, it can # calculate the required label width. # # require 'benchmark' # # array = (1..1000000).map { rand } # # Benchmark.bmbm do \|x\| # x.report("sort!") { array.dup.sort! } # x.report("sort") { array.dup.sort } # end # # Generates: # # Rehearsal ----------------------------------------- # sort! 1.440000 0.010000 1.450000 ( 1.446833) # sort 1.440000 0.000000 1.440000 ( 1.448257) # -------------------------------- total: 2.890000sec # # user system total real # sort! 1.460000 0.000000 1.460000 ( 1.458065) # sort 1.450000 0.000000 1.450000 ( 1.455963) # # #bmbm yields a Benchmark::Job object and returns an array of # Benchmark::Tms objects. # def bmbm(width = 0) # :yield: job job = Job.new(width) yield(job) width = job.width + 1 sync = $stdout.sync $stdout.sync = true # rehearsal puts 'Rehearsal '.ljust(width+CAPTION.length,'-') ets = job.list.inject(Tms.new) { \|sum,(label,item)\| print label.ljust(width) res = Benchmark.measure(&item) print res.format sum + res }.format("total: %tsec") print " #{ets}\n\n".rjust(width+CAPTION.length+2,'-') # take print ' 'width + CAPTION job.list.map { \|label,item\| GC.start print label.ljust(width) Benchmark.measure(label, &item).tap { \|res\| print res } } ensure $stdout.sync = sync unless sync.nil? end # # Returns the time used to execute the given block as a # Benchmark::Tms object. Takes +label+ option. # # require 'benchmark' # # n = 1000000 # # time = Benchmark.measure do # n.times { a = "1" } # end # puts time # # Generates: # # 0.220000 0.000000 0.220000 ( 0.227313) # def measure(label = "") # :yield: t0, r0 = Process.times, Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) yield t1, r1 = Process.times, Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) Benchmark::Tms.new(t1.utime - t0.utime, t1.stime - t0.stime, t1.cutime - t0.cutime, t1.cstime - t0.cstime, r1 - r0, label) end # # Returns the elapsed real time used to execute the given block. # The unit of time is seconds. # # Benchmark.realtime { "a" * 1_000_000_000 } # #=> 0.5098029999935534 # def realtime # :yield: r0 = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) yield Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - r0 end module_function :benchmark, :measure, :realtime, :bm, :bmbm # # A Job is a sequence of labelled blocks to be processed by the # Benchmark.bmbm method. It is of little direct interest to the user. # class Job # :nodoc: # # Returns an initialized Job instance. # Usually, one doesn't call this method directly, as new # Job objects are created by the #bmbm method. # +width+ is a initial value for the label offset used in formatting; # the #bmbm method passes its +width+ argument to this constructor. # def initialize(width) @width = width @list = [] end # # Registers the given label and block pair in the job list. # def item(label = "", &blk) # :yield: raise ArgumentError, "no block" unless block_given? label = label.to_s w = label.length @width = w if @width < w @list << [label, blk] self end alias report item # An array of 2-element arrays, consisting of label and block pairs. attr_reader :list # Length of the widest label in the #list. attr_reader :width end # # This class is used by the Benchmark.benchmark and Benchmark.bm methods. # It is of little direct interest to the user. # class Report # :nodoc: # # Returns an initialized Report instance. # Usually, one doesn't call this method directly, as new # Report objects are created by the #benchmark and #bm methods. # +width+ and +format+ are the label offset and # format string used by Tms#format. # def initialize(width = 0, format = nil) @width, @format, @list = width, format, [] end # # Prints the +label+ and measured time for the block, # formatted by +format+. See Tms#format for the # formatting rules. # def item(label = "", format, &blk) # :yield: w = label.to_s.length @width = w if @width < w @list << res = Benchmark.measure(label, &blk) res end alias report item # An array of Benchmark::Tms objects representing each item. attr_reader :width, :format, :list end # # A data object, representing the times associated with a benchmark # measurement. # class Tms # Default caption, see also Benchmark::CAPTION CAPTION = " user system total real\n" # Default format string, see also Benchmark::FORMAT FORMAT = "%10.6u %10.6y %10.6t %10.6r\n" # User CPU time attr_reader :utime # System CPU time attr_reader :stime # User CPU time of children attr_reader :cutime # System CPU time of children attr_reader :cstime # Elapsed real time attr_reader :real # Total time, that is +utime+ + +stime+ + +cutime+ + +cstime+ attr_reader :total # Label attr_reader :label # # Returns an initialized Tms object which has # +utime+ as the user CPU time, +stime+ as the system CPU time, # +cutime+ as the children's user CPU time, +cstime+ as the children's # system CPU time, +real+ as the elapsed real time and +label+ as the label. # def initialize(utime = 0.0, stime = 0.0, cutime = 0.0, cstime = 0.0, real = 0.0, label = nil) @utime, @stime, @cutime, @cstime, @real, @label = utime, stime, cutime, cstime, real, label.to_s @total = @utime + @stime + @cutime + @cstime end # # Returns a new Tms object whose times are the sum of the times for this # Tms object, plus the time required to execute the code block (+blk+). # def add(&blk) # :yield: self + Benchmark.measure(&blk) end # # An in-place version of #add. # Changes the times of this Tms object by making it the sum of the times # for this Tms object, plus the time required to execute # the code block (+blk+). # def add!(&blk) t = Benchmark.measure(&blk) @utime = utime + t.utime @stime = stime + t.stime @cutime = cutime + t.cutime @cstime = cstime + t.cstime @real = real + t.real self end # # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise summation # of the individual times for this Tms object with those of the +other+ # Tms object. # This method and #/() are useful for taking statistics. # def +(other); memberwise(:+, other) end # # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise subtraction # of the individual times for the +other+ Tms object from those of this # Tms object. # def -(other); memberwise(:-, other) end # # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise multiplication # of the individual times for this Tms object by +x+. # def (x); memberwise(:, x) end # # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise division # of the individual times for this Tms object by +x+. # This method and #+() are useful for taking statistics. # def /(x); memberwise(:/, x) end # # Returns the contents of this Tms object as # a formatted string, according to a +format+ string # like that passed to Kernel.format. In addition, #format # accepts the following extensions: # # <tt>%u</tt>:: Replaced by the user CPU time, as reported by Tms#utime. # <tt>%y</tt>:: Replaced by the system CPU time, as reported by #stime (Mnemonic: y of "system") # <tt>%U</tt>:: Replaced by the children's user CPU time, as reported by Tms#cutime # <tt>%Y</tt>:: Replaced by the children's system CPU time, as reported by Tms#cstime # <tt>%t</tt>:: Replaced by the total CPU time, as reported by Tms#total # <tt>%r</tt>:: Replaced by the elapsed real time, as reported by Tms#real # <tt>%n</tt>:: Replaced by the label string, as reported by Tms#label (Mnemonic: n of "name") # # If +format+ is not given, FORMAT is used as default value, detailing the # user, system and real elapsed time. # def format(format = nil, args) str = (format \|\| FORMAT).dup str.gsub!(/(%[-+.\d])n/) { "#{$1}s" % label } str.gsub!(/(%[-+.\d])u/) { "#{$1}f" % utime } str.gsub!(/(%[-+.\d])y/) { "#{$1}f" % stime } str.gsub!(/(%[-+.\d])U/) { "#{$1}f" % cutime } str.gsub!(/(%[-+.\d])Y/) { "#{$1}f" % cstime } str.gsub!(/(%[-+.\d])t/) { "#{$1}f" % total } str.gsub!(/(%[-+.\d])r/) { "(#{$1}f)" % real } format ? str % args : str end # # Same as #format. # def to_s format end # # Returns a new 6-element array, consisting of the # label, user CPU time, system CPU time, children's # user CPU time, children's system CPU time and elapsed # real time. # def to_a [@label, @utime, @stime, @cutime, @cstime, @real] end # # Returns a hash containing the same data as `to_a`. # def to_h { label: @label, utime: @utime, stime: @stime, cutime: @cutime, cstime: @cstime, real: @real } end protected # # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise operation +op+ # of the individual times for this Tms object with those of the other # Tms object (+x+). # # +op+ can be a mathematical operation such as <tt>+</tt>, <tt>-</tt>, # <tt></tt>, <tt>/</tt> # def memberwise(op, x) case x when Benchmark::Tms Benchmark::Tms.new(utime.__send__(op, x.utime), stime.__send__(op, x.stime), cutime.__send__(op, x.cutime), cstime.__send__(op, x.cstime), real.__send__(op, x.real) ) else Benchmark::Tms.new(utime.__send__(op, x), stime.__send__(op, x), cutime.__send__(op, x), cstime.__send__(op, x), real.__send__(op, x) ) end end end # The default caption string (heading above the output times). CAPTION = Benchmark::Tms::CAPTION # The default format string used to display times. See also Benchmark::Tms#format. FORMAT = Benchmark::Tms::FORMAT end Back

Edit File : benchmark.rb | Size : 18.66 KB

# frozen_string_literal: true
#--
# benchmark.rb - a performance benchmarking library
#
# $Id$
#
# Created by Gotoken (gotoken@notwork.org).
#
# Documentation by Gotoken (original RD), Lyle Johnson (RDoc conversion), and
# Gavin Sinclair (editing).
#++
#
# == Overview
#
# The Benchmark module provides methods for benchmarking Ruby code, giving
# detailed reports on the time taken for each task.
#

# The Benchmark module provides methods to measure and report the time
# used to execute Ruby code.
#
# * Measure the time to construct the string given by the expression
#   <code>"a"*1_000_000_000</code>:
#
#       require 'benchmark'
#
#       puts Benchmark.measure { "a"*1_000_000_000 }
#
#   On my machine (OSX 10.8.3 on i5 1.7 GHz) this generates:
#
#       0.350000   0.400000   0.750000 (  0.835234)
#
#   This report shows the user CPU time, system CPU time, the sum of
#   the user and system CPU times, and the elapsed real time. The unit
#   of time is seconds.
#
# * Do some experiments sequentially using the #bm method:
#
#       require 'benchmark'
#
#       n = 5000000
#       Benchmark.bm do |x|
#         x.report { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
#         x.report { n.times do   ; a = "1"; end }
#         x.report { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
#       end
#
#   The result:
#
#              user     system      total        real
#          1.010000   0.000000   1.010000 (  1.014479)
#          1.000000   0.000000   1.000000 (  0.998261)
#          0.980000   0.000000   0.980000 (  0.981335)
#
# * Continuing the previous example, put a label in each report:
#
#       require 'benchmark'
#
#       n = 5000000
#       Benchmark.bm(7) do |x|
#         x.report("for:")   { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
#         x.report("times:") { n.times do   ; a = "1"; end }
#         x.report("upto:")  { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
#       end
#
# The result:
#
#                     user     system      total        real
#       for:      1.010000   0.000000   1.010000 (  1.015688)
#       times:    1.000000   0.000000   1.000000 (  1.003611)
#       upto:     1.030000   0.000000   1.030000 (  1.028098)
#
# * The times for some benchmarks depend on the order in which items
#   are run.  These differences are due to the cost of memory
#   allocation and garbage collection. To avoid these discrepancies,
#   the #bmbm method is provided.  For example, to compare ways to
#   sort an array of floats:
#
#       require 'benchmark'
#
#       array = (1..1000000).map { rand }
#
#       Benchmark.bmbm do |x|
#         x.report("sort!") { array.dup.sort! }
#         x.report("sort")  { array.dup.sort  }
#       end
#
#   The result:
#
#        Rehearsal -----------------------------------------
#        sort!   1.490000   0.010000   1.500000 (  1.490520)
#        sort    1.460000   0.000000   1.460000 (  1.463025)
#        -------------------------------- total: 2.960000sec
#
#                    user     system      total        real
#        sort!   1.460000   0.000000   1.460000 (  1.460465)
#        sort    1.450000   0.010000   1.460000 (  1.448327)
#
# * Report statistics of sequential experiments with unique labels,
#   using the #benchmark method:
#
#       require 'benchmark'
#       include Benchmark         # we need the CAPTION and FORMAT constants
#
#       n = 5000000
#       Benchmark.benchmark(CAPTION, 7, FORMAT, ">total:", ">avg:") do |x|
#         tf = x.report("for:")   { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
#         tt = x.report("times:") { n.times do   ; a = "1"; end }
#         tu = x.report("upto:")  { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
#         [tf+tt+tu, (tf+tt+tu)/3]
#       end
#
#   The result:
#
#                     user     system      total        real
#        for:      0.950000   0.000000   0.950000 (  0.952039)
#        times:    0.980000   0.000000   0.980000 (  0.984938)
#        upto:     0.950000   0.000000   0.950000 (  0.946787)
#        >total:   2.880000   0.000000   2.880000 (  2.883764)
#        >avg:     0.960000   0.000000   0.960000 (  0.961255)

module Benchmark

VERSION = "0.4.0"

BENCHMARK_VERSION = "2002-04-25" # :nodoc:

# Invokes the block with a Benchmark::Report object, which
  # may be used to collect and report on the results of individual
  # benchmark tests. Reserves +label_width+ leading spaces for
  # labels on each line. Prints +caption+ at the top of the
  # report, and uses +format+ to format each line.
  # (Note: +caption+ must contain a terminating newline character,
  # see the default Benchmark::Tms::CAPTION for an example.)
  #
  # Returns an array of Benchmark::Tms objects.
  #
  # If the block returns an array of
  # Benchmark::Tms objects, these will be used to format
  # additional lines of output. If +labels+ parameter are
  # given, these are used to label these extra lines.
  #
  # _Note_: Other methods provide a simpler interface to this one, and are
  # suitable for nearly all benchmarking requirements.  See the examples in
  # Benchmark, and the #bm and #bmbm methods.
  #
  # Example:
  #
  #     require 'benchmark'
  #     include Benchmark          # we need the CAPTION and FORMAT constants
  #
  #     n = 5000000
  #     Benchmark.benchmark(CAPTION, 7, FORMAT, ">total:", ">avg:") do |x|
  #       tf = x.report("for:")   { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
  #       tt = x.report("times:") { n.times do   ; a = "1"; end }
  #       tu = x.report("upto:")  { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
  #       [tf+tt+tu, (tf+tt+tu)/3]
  #     end
  #
  # Generates:
  #
  #                     user     system      total        real
  #       for:      0.970000   0.000000   0.970000 (  0.970493)
  #       times:    0.990000   0.000000   0.990000 (  0.989542)
  #       upto:     0.970000   0.000000   0.970000 (  0.972854)
  #       >total:   2.930000   0.000000   2.930000 (  2.932889)
  #       >avg:     0.976667   0.000000   0.976667 (  0.977630)
  #

def benchmark(caption = "", label_width = nil, format = nil, *labels) # :yield: report
    sync = $stdout.sync
    $stdout.sync = true
    label_width ||= 0
    label_width += 1
    format ||= FORMAT
    report = Report.new(label_width, format)
    results = yield(report)

print " " * report.width + caption unless caption.empty?
    report.list.each { |i|
      print i.label.to_s.ljust(report.width)
      print i.format(report.format, *format)
    }

Array === results and results.grep(Tms).each {|t|
      print((labels.shift || t.label || "").ljust(label_width), t.format(format))
    }
    report.list
  ensure
    $stdout.sync = sync unless sync.nil?
  end

# A simple interface to the #benchmark method, #bm generates sequential
  # reports with labels. +label_width+ and +labels+ parameters have the same
  # meaning as for #benchmark.
  #
  #     require 'benchmark'
  #
  #     n = 5000000
  #     Benchmark.bm(7) do |x|
  #       x.report("for:")   { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
  #       x.report("times:") { n.times do   ; a = "1"; end }
  #       x.report("upto:")  { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
  #     end
  #
  # Generates:
  #
  #                     user     system      total        real
  #       for:      0.960000   0.000000   0.960000 (  0.957966)
  #       times:    0.960000   0.000000   0.960000 (  0.960423)
  #       upto:     0.950000   0.000000   0.950000 (  0.954864)
  #

def bm(label_width = 0, *labels, &blk) # :yield: report
    benchmark(CAPTION, label_width, FORMAT, *labels, &blk)
  end

# Sometimes benchmark results are skewed because code executed
  # earlier encounters different garbage collection overheads than
  # that run later. #bmbm attempts to minimize this effect by running
  # the tests twice, the first time as a rehearsal in order to get the
  # runtime environment stable, the second time for
  # real. GC.start is executed before the start of each of
  # the real timings; the cost of this is not included in the
  # timings. In reality, though, there's only so much that #bmbm can
  # do, and the results are not guaranteed to be isolated from garbage
  # collection and other effects.
  #
  # Because #bmbm takes two passes through the tests, it can
  # calculate the required label width.
  #
  #       require 'benchmark'
  #
  #       array = (1..1000000).map { rand }
  #
  #       Benchmark.bmbm do |x|
  #         x.report("sort!") { array.dup.sort! }
  #         x.report("sort")  { array.dup.sort  }
  #       end
  #
  # Generates:
  #
  #        Rehearsal -----------------------------------------
  #        sort!   1.440000   0.010000   1.450000 (  1.446833)
  #        sort    1.440000   0.000000   1.440000 (  1.448257)
  #        -------------------------------- total: 2.890000sec
  #
  #                    user     system      total        real
  #        sort!   1.460000   0.000000   1.460000 (  1.458065)
  #        sort    1.450000   0.000000   1.450000 (  1.455963)
  #
  # #bmbm yields a Benchmark::Job object and returns an array of
  # Benchmark::Tms objects.
  #
  def bmbm(width = 0) # :yield: job
    job = Job.new(width)
    yield(job)
    width = job.width + 1
    sync = $stdout.sync
    $stdout.sync = true

# rehearsal
    puts 'Rehearsal '.ljust(width+CAPTION.length,'-')
    ets = job.list.inject(Tms.new) { |sum,(label,item)|
      print label.ljust(width)
      res = Benchmark.measure(&item)
      print res.format
      sum + res
    }.format("total: %tsec")
    print " #{ets}\n\n".rjust(width+CAPTION.length+2,'-')

# take
    print ' '*width + CAPTION
    job.list.map { |label,item|
      GC.start
      print label.ljust(width)
      Benchmark.measure(label, &item).tap { |res| print res }
    }
  ensure
    $stdout.sync = sync unless sync.nil?
  end

#
  # Returns the time used to execute the given block as a
  # Benchmark::Tms object. Takes +label+ option.
  #
  #       require 'benchmark'
  #
  #       n = 1000000
  #
  #       time = Benchmark.measure do
  #         n.times { a = "1" }
  #       end
  #       puts time
  #
  # Generates:
  #
  #        0.220000   0.000000   0.220000 (  0.227313)
  #
  def measure(label = "") # :yield:
    t0, r0 = Process.times, Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
    yield
    t1, r1 = Process.times, Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
    Benchmark::Tms.new(t1.utime  - t0.utime,
                       t1.stime  - t0.stime,
                       t1.cutime - t0.cutime,
                       t1.cstime - t0.cstime,
                       r1 - r0,
                       label)
  end

#
  # Returns the elapsed real time used to execute the given block.
  # The unit of time is seconds.
  #
  #       Benchmark.realtime { "a" * 1_000_000_000 }
  #       #=> 0.5098029999935534
  #
  def realtime # :yield:
    r0 = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
    yield
    Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - r0
  end

module_function :benchmark, :measure, :realtime, :bm, :bmbm

#
  # A Job is a sequence of labelled blocks to be processed by the
  # Benchmark.bmbm method.  It is of little direct interest to the user.
  #
  class Job # :nodoc:
    #
    # Returns an initialized Job instance.
    # Usually, one doesn't call this method directly, as new
    # Job objects are created by the #bmbm method.
    # +width+ is a initial value for the label offset used in formatting;
    # the #bmbm method passes its +width+ argument to this constructor.
    #
    def initialize(width)
      @width = width
      @list = []
    end

#
    # Registers the given label and block pair in the job list.
    #
    def item(label = "", &blk) # :yield:
      raise ArgumentError, "no block" unless block_given?
      label = label.to_s
      w = label.length
      @width = w if @width < w
      @list << [label, blk]
      self
    end

alias report item

# An array of 2-element arrays, consisting of label and block pairs.
    attr_reader :list

# Length of the widest label in the #list.
    attr_reader :width
  end

#
  # This class is used by the Benchmark.benchmark and Benchmark.bm methods.
  # It is of little direct interest to the user.
  #
  class Report # :nodoc:
    #
    # Returns an initialized Report instance.
    # Usually, one doesn't call this method directly, as new
    # Report objects are created by the #benchmark and #bm methods.
    # +width+ and +format+ are the label offset and
    # format string used by Tms#format.
    #
    def initialize(width = 0, format = nil)
      @width, @format, @list = width, format, []
    end

#
    # Prints the +label+ and measured time for the block,
    # formatted by +format+. See Tms#format for the
    # formatting rules.
    #
    def item(label = "", *format, &blk) # :yield:
      w = label.to_s.length
      @width = w if @width < w
      @list << res = Benchmark.measure(label, &blk)
      res
    end

alias report item

# An array of Benchmark::Tms objects representing each item.
    attr_reader :width, :format, :list
  end

#
  # A data object, representing the times associated with a benchmark
  # measurement.
  #
  class Tms

# Default caption, see also Benchmark::CAPTION
    CAPTION = "      user     system      total        real\n"

# Default format string, see also Benchmark::FORMAT
    FORMAT = "%10.6u %10.6y %10.6t %10.6r\n"

# User CPU time
    attr_reader :utime

# System CPU time
    attr_reader :stime

# User CPU time of children
    attr_reader :cutime

# System CPU time of children
    attr_reader :cstime

# Elapsed real time
    attr_reader :real

# Total time, that is +utime+ + +stime+ + +cutime+ + +cstime+
    attr_reader :total

# Label
    attr_reader :label

#
    # Returns an initialized Tms object which has
    # +utime+ as the user CPU time, +stime+ as the system CPU time,
    # +cutime+ as the children's user CPU time, +cstime+ as the children's
    # system CPU time, +real+ as the elapsed real time and +label+ as the label.
    #
    def initialize(utime = 0.0, stime = 0.0, cutime = 0.0, cstime = 0.0, real = 0.0, label = nil)
      @utime, @stime, @cutime, @cstime, @real, @label = utime, stime, cutime, cstime, real, label.to_s
      @total = @utime + @stime + @cutime + @cstime
    end

#
    # Returns a new Tms object whose times are the sum of the times for this
    # Tms object, plus the time required to execute the code block (+blk+).
    #
    def add(&blk) # :yield:
      self + Benchmark.measure(&blk)
    end

#
    # An in-place version of #add.
    # Changes the times of this Tms object by making it the sum of the times
    # for this Tms object, plus the time required to execute
    # the code block (+blk+).
    #
    def add!(&blk)
      t = Benchmark.measure(&blk)
      @utime  = utime + t.utime
      @stime  = stime + t.stime
      @cutime = cutime + t.cutime
      @cstime = cstime + t.cstime
      @real   = real + t.real
      self
    end

#
    # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise summation
    # of the individual times for this Tms object with those of the +other+
    # Tms object.
    # This method and #/() are useful for taking statistics.
    #
    def +(other); memberwise(:+, other) end

#
    # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise subtraction
    # of the individual times for the +other+ Tms object from those of this
    # Tms object.
    #
    def -(other); memberwise(:-, other) end

#
    # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise multiplication
    # of the individual times for this Tms object by +x+.
    #
    def *(x); memberwise(:*, x) end

#
    # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise division
    # of the individual times for this Tms object by +x+.
    # This method and #+() are useful for taking statistics.
    #
    def /(x); memberwise(:/, x) end

#
    # Returns the contents of this Tms object as
    # a formatted string, according to a +format+ string
    # like that passed to Kernel.format. In addition, #format
    # accepts the following extensions:
    #
    # <tt>%u</tt>::     Replaced by the user CPU time, as reported by Tms#utime.
    # <tt>%y</tt>::     Replaced by the system CPU time, as reported by #stime (Mnemonic: y of "s*y*stem")
    # <tt>%U</tt>::     Replaced by the children's user CPU time, as reported by Tms#cutime
    # <tt>%Y</tt>::     Replaced by the children's system CPU time, as reported by Tms#cstime
    # <tt>%t</tt>::     Replaced by the total CPU time, as reported by Tms#total
    # <tt>%r</tt>::     Replaced by the elapsed real time, as reported by Tms#real
    # <tt>%n</tt>::     Replaced by the label string, as reported by Tms#label (Mnemonic: n of "*n*ame")
    #
    # If +format+ is not given, FORMAT is used as default value, detailing the
    # user, system and real elapsed time.
    #
    def format(format = nil, *args)
      str = (format || FORMAT).dup
      str.gsub!(/(%[-+.\d]*)n/) { "#{$1}s" % label }
      str.gsub!(/(%[-+.\d]*)u/) { "#{$1}f" % utime }
      str.gsub!(/(%[-+.\d]*)y/) { "#{$1}f" % stime }
      str.gsub!(/(%[-+.\d]*)U/) { "#{$1}f" % cutime }
      str.gsub!(/(%[-+.\d]*)Y/) { "#{$1}f" % cstime }
      str.gsub!(/(%[-+.\d]*)t/) { "#{$1}f" % total }
      str.gsub!(/(%[-+.\d]*)r/) { "(#{$1}f)" % real }
      format ? str % args : str
    end

#
    # Same as #format.
    #
    def to_s
      format
    end

#
    # Returns a new 6-element array, consisting of the
    # label, user CPU time, system CPU time, children's
    # user CPU time, children's system CPU time and elapsed
    # real time.
    #
    def to_a
      [@label, @utime, @stime, @cutime, @cstime, @real]
    end

#
    # Returns a hash containing the same data as `to_a`.
    #
    def to_h
      {
        label:  @label,
        utime:  @utime,
        stime:  @stime,
        cutime: @cutime,
        cstime: @cstime,
        real:   @real
      }
    end

protected

#
    # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise operation +op+
    # of the individual times for this Tms object with those of the other
    # Tms object (+x+).
    #
    # +op+ can be a mathematical operation such as <tt>+</tt>, <tt>-</tt>,
    # <tt>*</tt>, <tt>/</tt>
    #
    def memberwise(op, x)
      case x
      when Benchmark::Tms
        Benchmark::Tms.new(utime.__send__(op, x.utime),
                           stime.__send__(op, x.stime),
                           cutime.__send__(op, x.cutime),
                           cstime.__send__(op, x.cstime),
                           real.__send__(op, x.real)
                           )
      else
        Benchmark::Tms.new(utime.__send__(op, x),
                           stime.__send__(op, x),
                           cutime.__send__(op, x),
                           cstime.__send__(op, x),
                           real.__send__(op, x)
                           )
      end
    end
  end

# The default caption string (heading above the output times).
  CAPTION = Benchmark::Tms::CAPTION

# The default format string used to display times.  See also Benchmark::Tms#format.
  FORMAT = Benchmark::Tms::FORMAT
end

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