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.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.11 (Pod::Simple 3.35) .\" .\" Standard preamble: .\" ======================================================================== .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf .ne \\$1 .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R .fi .. .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \(-- will .\" give an unbreakable dash, \(PI will give pi, \(L" will give a left .\" double quote, and \(R" will give a right double quote. \(C+ will .\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and .\" therefore won't be available. \(C` and \(C' expand to `' in nroff, .\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>. .tr \(W- .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p' .ie n \{\ . ds -- \(W- . ds PI pi . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(W\h'-12u'\(W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(W\h'-12u'\(W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch . ds L" "" . ds R" "" . ds C` "" . ds C' "" 'br\} .el\{\ . ds -- \\|\(em\\| . ds PI \(p . ds L" `` . ds R" '' . ds C` . ds C' 'br\} .\" .\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform. .ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq .el .ds Aq ' .\" .\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for .\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index .\" entries marked with X<> in POD. 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Always turn off hyphenation; it makes .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. .if n .ad l .nh .SH "NAME" bn_mul_words, bn_mul_add_words, bn_sqr_words, bn_div_words, bn_add_words, bn_sub_words, bn_mul_comba4, bn_mul_comba8, bn_sqr_comba4, bn_sqr_comba8, bn_cmp_words, bn_mul_normal, bn_mul_low_normal, bn_mul_recursive, bn_mul_part_recursive, bn_mul_low_recursive, bn_mul_high, bn_sqr_normal, bn_sqr_recursive, bn_expand, bn_wexpand, bn_expand2, bn_fix_top, bn_check_top, bn_print, bn_dump, bn_set_max, bn_set_high, bn_set_low \- BIGNUM library internal functions .SH "SYNOPSIS" .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" .Vb 1 \& #include <openssl/bn.h> \& \& BN_ULONG bn_mul_words(BN_ULONG rp, BN_ULONG ap, int num, BN_ULONG w); \& BN_ULONG bn_mul_add_words(BN_ULONG rp, BN_ULONG ap, int num, \& BN_ULONG w); \& void bn_sqr_words(BN_ULONG rp, BN_ULONG ap, int num); \& BN_ULONG bn_div_words(BN_ULONG h, BN_ULONG l, BN_ULONG d); \& BN_ULONG bn_add_words(BN_ULONG rp, BN_ULONG ap, BN_ULONG bp, \& int num); \& BN_ULONG bn_sub_words(BN_ULONG rp, BN_ULONG ap, BN_ULONG bp, \& int num); \& \& void bn_mul_comba4(BN_ULONG r, BN_ULONG a, BN_ULONG b); \& void bn_mul_comba8(BN_ULONG r, BN_ULONG a, BN_ULONG b); \& void bn_sqr_comba4(BN_ULONG r, BN_ULONG a); \& void bn_sqr_comba8(BN_ULONG r, BN_ULONG a); \& \& int bn_cmp_words(BN_ULONG a, BN_ULONG b, int n); \& \& void bn_mul_normal(BN_ULONG r, BN_ULONG a, int na, BN_ULONG b, \& int nb); \& void bn_mul_low_normal(BN_ULONG r, BN_ULONG a, BN_ULONG b, int n); \& void bn_mul_recursive(BN_ULONG r, BN_ULONG a, BN_ULONG b, int n2, \& int dna,int dnb,BN_ULONG tmp); \& void bn_mul_part_recursive(BN_ULONG r, BN_ULONG a, BN_ULONG b, \& int n, int tna,int tnb, BN_ULONG tmp); \& void bn_mul_low_recursive(BN_ULONG r, BN_ULONG a, BN_ULONG b, \& int n2, BN_ULONG tmp); \& void bn_mul_high(BN_ULONG r, BN_ULONG a, BN_ULONG b, BN_ULONG l, \& int n2, BN_ULONG tmp); \& \& void bn_sqr_normal(BN_ULONG r, BN_ULONG a, int n, BN_ULONG tmp); \& void bn_sqr_recursive(BN_ULONG r, BN_ULONG a, int n2, BN_ULONG tmp); \& \& void mul(BN_ULONG r, BN_ULONG a, BN_ULONG w, BN_ULONG c); \& void mul_add(BN_ULONG r, BN_ULONG a, BN_ULONG w, BN_ULONG c); \& void sqr(BN_ULONG r0, BN_ULONG r1, BN_ULONG a); \& \& BIGNUM bn_expand(BIGNUM a, int bits); \& BIGNUM bn_wexpand(BIGNUM a, int n); \& BIGNUM bn_expand2(BIGNUM a, int n); \& void bn_fix_top(BIGNUM a); \& \& void bn_check_top(BIGNUM a); \& void bn_print(BIGNUM a); \& void bn_dump(BN_ULONG d, int n); \& void bn_set_max(BIGNUM a); \& void bn_set_high(BIGNUM r, BIGNUM a, int n); \& void bn_set_low(BIGNUM r, BIGNUM a, int n); .Ve .SH "DESCRIPTION" .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" This page documents the internal functions used by the OpenSSL \&\fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fR implementation. They are described here to facilitate debugging and extending the library. They are \fInot\fR to be used by applications. .SS "The \s-1BIGNUM\s0 structure" .IX Subsection "The BIGNUM structure" .Vb 1 \& typedef struct bignum_st BIGNUM; \& \& struct bignum_st \& { \& BN_ULONG d; /* Pointer to an array of \(AqBN_BITS2\(Aq bit chunks. / \& int top; / Index of last used d +1. / \& / The next are internal book keeping for bn_expand. / \& int dmax; / Size of the d array. / \& int neg; / one if the number is negative / \& int flags; \& }; .Ve .PP The integer value is stored in \fBd\fR, a \fBmalloc()\fRed array of words (\fB\s-1BN_ULONG\s0\fR), least significant word first. A \fB\s-1BN_ULONG\s0\fR can be either 16, 32 or 64 bits in size, depending on the 'number of bits' (\fB\s-1BITS2\s0\fR) specified in \&\f(CW\(C`openssl/bn.h\(C'\fR. .PP \&\fBdmax\fR is the size of the \fBd\fR array that has been allocated. \fBtop\fR is the number of words being used, so for a value of 4, bn.d[0]=4 and bn.top=1. \fBneg\fR is 1 if the number is negative. When a \fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fR is \&\fB0\fR, the \fBd\fR field can be \fB\s-1NULL\s0\fR and \fBtop\fR == \fB0\fR. .PP \&\fBflags\fR is a bit field of flags which are defined in \f(CW\(C`openssl/bn.h\(C'\fR. The flags begin with \fB\s-1BN_FLG_\s0\fR. The macros BN_set_flags(b,n) and BN_get_flags(b,n) exist to enable or fetch flag(s) \fBn\fR from \fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fR structure \fBb\fR. .PP Various routines in this library require the use of temporary \&\fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fR variables during their execution. Since dynamic memory allocation to create \fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fRs is rather expensive when used in conjunction with repeated subroutine calls, the \fB\s-1BN_CTX\s0\fR structure is used. This structure contains \fB\s-1BN_CTX_NUM\s0\fR \fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fRs, see \&\fBBN_CTX_start\fR\\|(3). .SS "Low-level arithmetic operations" .IX Subsection "Low-level arithmetic operations" These functions are implemented in C and for several platforms in assembly language: .PP bn_mul_words(\fBrp\fR, \fBap\fR, \fBnum\fR, \fBw\fR) operates on the \fBnum\fR word arrays \fBrp\fR and \fBap\fR. It computes \fBap\fR \fBw\fR, places the result in \fBrp\fR, and returns the high word (carry). .PP bn_mul_add_words(\fBrp\fR, \fBap\fR, \fBnum\fR, \fBw\fR) operates on the \fBnum\fR word arrays \fBrp\fR and \fBap\fR. It computes \fBap\fR * \fBw\fR + \fBrp\fR, places the result in \fBrp\fR, and returns the high word (carry). .PP bn_sqr_words(\fBrp\fR, \fBap\fR, \fBn\fR) operates on the \fBnum\fR word array \&\fBap\fR and the 2\fBnum\fR word array \fBap\fR. It computes \fBap\fR \fBap\fR word-wise, and places the low and high bytes of the result in \fBrp\fR. .PP bn_div_words(\fBh\fR, \fBl\fR, \fBd\fR) divides the two word number (\fBh\fR,\fBl\fR) by \fBd\fR and returns the result. .PP bn_add_words(\fBrp\fR, \fBap\fR, \fBbp\fR, \fBnum\fR) operates on the \fBnum\fR word arrays \fBap\fR, \fBbp\fR and \fBrp\fR. It computes \fBap\fR + \fBbp\fR, places the result in \fBrp\fR, and returns the high word (carry). .PP bn_sub_words(\fBrp\fR, \fBap\fR, \fBbp\fR, \fBnum\fR) operates on the \fBnum\fR word arrays \fBap\fR, \fBbp\fR and \fBrp\fR. It computes \fBap\fR \- \fBbp\fR, places the result in \fBrp\fR, and returns the carry (1 if \fBbp\fR > \fBap\fR, 0 otherwise). .PP bn_mul_comba4(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR) operates on the 4 word arrays \fBa\fR and \&\fBb\fR and the 8 word array \fBr\fR. It computes \fBa\fR\fBb\fR and places the result in \fBr\fR. .PP bn_mul_comba8(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR) operates on the 8 word arrays \fBa\fR and \&\fBb\fR and the 16 word array \fBr\fR. It computes \fBa\fR\fBb\fR and places the result in \fBr\fR. .PP bn_sqr_comba4(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR) operates on the 4 word arrays \fBa\fR and \&\fBb\fR and the 8 word array \fBr\fR. .PP bn_sqr_comba8(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR) operates on the 8 word arrays \fBa\fR and \&\fBb\fR and the 16 word array \fBr\fR. .PP The following functions are implemented in C: .PP bn_cmp_words(\fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBn\fR) operates on the \fBn\fR word arrays \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR. It returns 1, 0 and \-1 if \fBa\fR is greater than, equal and less than \fBb\fR. .PP bn_mul_normal(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBna\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBnb\fR) operates on the \fBna\fR word array \fBa\fR, the \fBnb\fR word array \fBb\fR and the \fBna\fR+\fBnb\fR word array \fBr\fR. It computes \fBa\fR\fBb\fR and places the result in \fBr\fR. .PP bn_mul_low_normal(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBn\fR) operates on the \fBn\fR word arrays \fBr\fR, \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR. It computes the \fBn\fR low words of \&\fBa\fR\fBb\fR and places the result in \fBr\fR. .PP bn_mul_recursive(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBn2\fR, \fBdna\fR, \fBdnb\fR, \fBt\fR) operates on the word arrays \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR of length \fBn2\fR+\fBdna\fR and \fBn2\fR+\fBdnb\fR (\fBdna\fR and \fBdnb\fR are currently allowed to be 0 or negative) and the 2\fBn2\fR word arrays \fBr\fR and \fBt\fR. \fBn2\fR must be a power of 2. It computes \&\fBa\fR\fBb\fR and places the result in \fBr\fR. .PP bn_mul_part_recursive(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBn\fR, \fBtna\fR, \fBtnb\fR, \fBtmp\fR) operates on the word arrays \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR of length \fBn\fR+\fBtna\fR and \&\fBn\fR+\fBtnb\fR and the 4\fBn\fR word arrays \fBr\fR and \fBtmp\fR. .PP bn_mul_low_recursive(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBn2\fR, \fBtmp\fR) operates on the \&\fBn2\fR word arrays \fBr\fR and \fBtmp\fR and the \fBn2\fR/2 word arrays \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR. .PP bn_mul_high(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBl\fR, \fBn2\fR, \fBtmp\fR) operates on the \&\fBn2\fR word arrays \fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR and \fBl\fR (?) and the 3\fBn2\fR word array \fBtmp\fR. .PP \&\fBBN_mul()\fR calls \fBbn_mul_normal()\fR, or an optimized implementation if the factors have the same size: \fBbn_mul_comba8()\fR is used if they are 8 words long, \fBbn_mul_recursive()\fR if they are larger than \&\fB\s-1BN_MULL_SIZE_NORMAL\s0\fR and the size is an exact multiple of the word size, and \fBbn_mul_part_recursive()\fR for others that are larger than \&\fB\s-1BN_MULL_SIZE_NORMAL\s0\fR. .PP bn_sqr_normal(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBn\fR, \fBtmp\fR) operates on the \fBn\fR word array \&\fBa\fR and the 2\fBn\fR word arrays \fBtmp\fR and \fBr\fR. .PP The implementations use the following macros which, depending on the architecture, may use \(L"long long\(R" C operations or inline assembler. They are defined in \f(CW\(C`bn_lcl.h\(C'\fR. .PP mul(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBw\fR, \fBc\fR) computes \fBw\fR\fBa\fR+\fBc\fR and places the low word of the result in \fBr\fR and the high word in \fBc\fR. .PP mul_add(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBw\fR, \fBc\fR) computes \fBw\fR\fBa\fR+\fBr\fR+\fBc\fR and places the low word of the result in \fBr\fR and the high word in \fBc\fR. .PP sqr(\fBr0\fR, \fBr1\fR, \fBa\fR) computes \fBa\fR\fBa\fR and places the low word of the result in \fBr0\fR and the high word in \fBr1\fR. .SS "Size changes" .IX Subsection "Size changes" \&\fBbn_expand()\fR ensures that \fBb\fR has enough space for a \fBbits\fR bit number. \fBbn_wexpand()\fR ensures that \fBb\fR has enough space for an \&\fBn\fR word number. If the number has to be expanded, both macros call \fBbn_expand2()\fR, which allocates a new \fBd\fR array and copies the data. They return \fB\s-1NULL\s0\fR on error, \fBb\fR otherwise. .PP The \fBbn_fix_top()\fR macro reduces \fBa\->top\fR to point to the most significant non-zero word plus one when \fBa\fR has shrunk. .SS "Debugging" .IX Subsection "Debugging" \&\fBbn_check_top()\fR verifies that \f(CW\(C`((a)\->top >= 0 && (a)\->top <= (a)\->dmax)\(C'\fR. A violation will cause the program to abort. .PP \&\fBbn_print()\fR prints \fBa\fR to stderr. \fBbn_dump()\fR prints \fBn\fR words at \fBd\fR (in reverse order, i.e. most significant word first) to stderr. .PP \&\fBbn_set_max()\fR makes \fBa\fR a static number with a \fBdmax\fR of its current size. This is used by \fBbn_set_low()\fR and \fBbn_set_high()\fR to make \fBr\fR a read-only \&\fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fR that contains the \fBn\fR low or high words of \fBa\fR. .PP If \fB\s-1BN_DEBUG\s0\fR is not defined, \fBbn_check_top()\fR, \fBbn_print()\fR, \fBbn_dump()\fR and \fBbn_set_max()\fR are defined as empty macros. .SH "SEE ALSO" .IX Header "SEE ALSO" \&\fBbn\fR\\|(3) Back

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.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "bn_internal 3"
.TH bn_internal 3 "2019-12-20" "1.0.2u" "OpenSSL"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
bn_mul_words, bn_mul_add_words, bn_sqr_words, bn_div_words,
bn_add_words, bn_sub_words, bn_mul_comba4, bn_mul_comba8,
bn_sqr_comba4, bn_sqr_comba8, bn_cmp_words, bn_mul_normal,
bn_mul_low_normal, bn_mul_recursive, bn_mul_part_recursive,
bn_mul_low_recursive, bn_mul_high, bn_sqr_normal, bn_sqr_recursive,
bn_expand, bn_wexpand, bn_expand2, bn_fix_top, bn_check_top,
bn_print, bn_dump, bn_set_max, bn_set_high, bn_set_low \- BIGNUM
library internal functions
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 1
\& #include <openssl/bn.h>
\&
\& BN_ULONG bn_mul_words(BN_ULONG *rp, BN_ULONG *ap, int num, BN_ULONG w);
\& BN_ULONG bn_mul_add_words(BN_ULONG *rp, BN_ULONG *ap, int num,
\&   BN_ULONG w);
\& void     bn_sqr_words(BN_ULONG *rp, BN_ULONG *ap, int num);
\& BN_ULONG bn_div_words(BN_ULONG h, BN_ULONG l, BN_ULONG d);
\& BN_ULONG bn_add_words(BN_ULONG *rp, BN_ULONG *ap, BN_ULONG *bp,
\&   int num);
\& BN_ULONG bn_sub_words(BN_ULONG *rp, BN_ULONG *ap, BN_ULONG *bp,
\&   int num);
\&
\& void bn_mul_comba4(BN_ULONG *r, BN_ULONG *a, BN_ULONG *b);
\& void bn_mul_comba8(BN_ULONG *r, BN_ULONG *a, BN_ULONG *b);
\& void bn_sqr_comba4(BN_ULONG *r, BN_ULONG *a);
\& void bn_sqr_comba8(BN_ULONG *r, BN_ULONG *a);
\&
\& int bn_cmp_words(BN_ULONG *a, BN_ULONG *b, int n);
\&
\& void bn_mul_normal(BN_ULONG *r, BN_ULONG *a, int na, BN_ULONG *b,
\&   int nb);
\& void bn_mul_low_normal(BN_ULONG *r, BN_ULONG *a, BN_ULONG *b, int n);
\& void bn_mul_recursive(BN_ULONG *r, BN_ULONG *a, BN_ULONG *b, int n2,
\&   int dna,int dnb,BN_ULONG *tmp);
\& void bn_mul_part_recursive(BN_ULONG *r, BN_ULONG *a, BN_ULONG *b,
\&   int n, int tna,int tnb, BN_ULONG *tmp);
\& void bn_mul_low_recursive(BN_ULONG *r, BN_ULONG *a, BN_ULONG *b,
\&   int n2, BN_ULONG *tmp);
\& void bn_mul_high(BN_ULONG *r, BN_ULONG *a, BN_ULONG *b, BN_ULONG *l,
\&   int n2, BN_ULONG *tmp);
\&
\& void bn_sqr_normal(BN_ULONG *r, BN_ULONG *a, int n, BN_ULONG *tmp);
\& void bn_sqr_recursive(BN_ULONG *r, BN_ULONG *a, int n2, BN_ULONG *tmp);
\&
\& void mul(BN_ULONG r, BN_ULONG a, BN_ULONG w, BN_ULONG c);
\& void mul_add(BN_ULONG r, BN_ULONG a, BN_ULONG w, BN_ULONG c);
\& void sqr(BN_ULONG r0, BN_ULONG r1, BN_ULONG a);
\&
\& BIGNUM *bn_expand(BIGNUM *a, int bits);
\& BIGNUM *bn_wexpand(BIGNUM *a, int n);
\& BIGNUM *bn_expand2(BIGNUM *a, int n);
\& void bn_fix_top(BIGNUM *a);
\&
\& void bn_check_top(BIGNUM *a);
\& void bn_print(BIGNUM *a);
\& void bn_dump(BN_ULONG *d, int n);
\& void bn_set_max(BIGNUM *a);
\& void bn_set_high(BIGNUM *r, BIGNUM *a, int n);
\& void bn_set_low(BIGNUM *r, BIGNUM *a, int n);
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
This page documents the internal functions used by the OpenSSL
\&\fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fR implementation. They are described here to facilitate
debugging and extending the library. They are \fInot\fR to be used by
applications.
.SS "The \s-1BIGNUM\s0 structure"
.IX Subsection "The BIGNUM structure"
.Vb 1
\& typedef struct bignum_st BIGNUM;
\&
\& struct bignum_st
\&        {
\&        BN_ULONG *d;    /* Pointer to an array of \*(AqBN_BITS2\*(Aq bit chunks. */
\&        int top;        /* Index of last used d +1. */
\&        /* The next are internal book keeping for bn_expand. */
\&        int dmax;       /* Size of the d array. */
\&        int neg;        /* one if the number is negative */
\&        int flags;
\&        };
.Ve
.PP
The integer value is stored in \fBd\fR, a \fBmalloc()\fRed array of words (\fB\s-1BN_ULONG\s0\fR),
least significant word first. A \fB\s-1BN_ULONG\s0\fR can be either 16, 32 or 64 bits
in size, depending on the 'number of bits' (\fB\s-1BITS2\s0\fR) specified in
\&\f(CW\*(C`openssl/bn.h\*(C'\fR.
.PP
\&\fBdmax\fR is the size of the \fBd\fR array that has been allocated.  \fBtop\fR
is the number of words being used, so for a value of 4, bn.d[0]=4 and
bn.top=1.  \fBneg\fR is 1 if the number is negative.  When a \fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fR is
\&\fB0\fR, the \fBd\fR field can be \fB\s-1NULL\s0\fR and \fBtop\fR == \fB0\fR.
.PP
\&\fBflags\fR is a bit field of flags which are defined in \f(CW\*(C`openssl/bn.h\*(C'\fR. The 
flags begin with \fB\s-1BN_FLG_\s0\fR. The macros BN_set_flags(b,n) and 
BN_get_flags(b,n) exist to enable or fetch flag(s) \fBn\fR from \fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fR
structure \fBb\fR.
.PP
Various routines in this library require the use of temporary
\&\fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fR variables during their execution.  Since dynamic memory
allocation to create \fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fRs is rather expensive when used in
conjunction with repeated subroutine calls, the \fB\s-1BN_CTX\s0\fR structure is
used.  This structure contains \fB\s-1BN_CTX_NUM\s0\fR \fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fRs, see
\&\fBBN_CTX_start\fR\|(3).
.SS "Low-level arithmetic operations"
.IX Subsection "Low-level arithmetic operations"
These functions are implemented in C and for several platforms in
assembly language:
.PP
bn_mul_words(\fBrp\fR, \fBap\fR, \fBnum\fR, \fBw\fR) operates on the \fBnum\fR word
arrays \fBrp\fR and \fBap\fR.  It computes \fBap\fR * \fBw\fR, places the result
in \fBrp\fR, and returns the high word (carry).
.PP
bn_mul_add_words(\fBrp\fR, \fBap\fR, \fBnum\fR, \fBw\fR) operates on the \fBnum\fR
word arrays \fBrp\fR and \fBap\fR.  It computes \fBap\fR * \fBw\fR + \fBrp\fR, places
the result in \fBrp\fR, and returns the high word (carry).
.PP
bn_sqr_words(\fBrp\fR, \fBap\fR, \fBn\fR) operates on the \fBnum\fR word array
\&\fBap\fR and the 2*\fBnum\fR word array \fBap\fR.  It computes \fBap\fR * \fBap\fR
word-wise, and places the low and high bytes of the result in \fBrp\fR.
.PP
bn_div_words(\fBh\fR, \fBl\fR, \fBd\fR) divides the two word number (\fBh\fR,\fBl\fR)
by \fBd\fR and returns the result.
.PP
bn_add_words(\fBrp\fR, \fBap\fR, \fBbp\fR, \fBnum\fR) operates on the \fBnum\fR word
arrays \fBap\fR, \fBbp\fR and \fBrp\fR.  It computes \fBap\fR + \fBbp\fR, places the
result in \fBrp\fR, and returns the high word (carry).
.PP
bn_sub_words(\fBrp\fR, \fBap\fR, \fBbp\fR, \fBnum\fR) operates on the \fBnum\fR word
arrays \fBap\fR, \fBbp\fR and \fBrp\fR.  It computes \fBap\fR \- \fBbp\fR, places the
result in \fBrp\fR, and returns the carry (1 if \fBbp\fR > \fBap\fR, 0
otherwise).
.PP
bn_mul_comba4(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR) operates on the 4 word arrays \fBa\fR and
\&\fBb\fR and the 8 word array \fBr\fR.  It computes \fBa\fR*\fBb\fR and places the
result in \fBr\fR.
.PP
bn_mul_comba8(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR) operates on the 8 word arrays \fBa\fR and
\&\fBb\fR and the 16 word array \fBr\fR.  It computes \fBa\fR*\fBb\fR and places the
result in \fBr\fR.
.PP
bn_sqr_comba4(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR) operates on the 4 word arrays \fBa\fR and
\&\fBb\fR and the 8 word array \fBr\fR.
.PP
bn_sqr_comba8(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR) operates on the 8 word arrays \fBa\fR and
\&\fBb\fR and the 16 word array \fBr\fR.
.PP
The following functions are implemented in C:
.PP
bn_cmp_words(\fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBn\fR) operates on the \fBn\fR word arrays \fBa\fR
and \fBb\fR.  It returns 1, 0 and \-1 if \fBa\fR is greater than, equal and
less than \fBb\fR.
.PP
bn_mul_normal(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBna\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBnb\fR) operates on the \fBna\fR
word array \fBa\fR, the \fBnb\fR word array \fBb\fR and the \fBna\fR+\fBnb\fR word
array \fBr\fR.  It computes \fBa\fR*\fBb\fR and places the result in \fBr\fR.
.PP
bn_mul_low_normal(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBn\fR) operates on the \fBn\fR word
arrays \fBr\fR, \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR.  It computes the \fBn\fR low words of
\&\fBa\fR*\fBb\fR and places the result in \fBr\fR.
.PP
bn_mul_recursive(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBn2\fR, \fBdna\fR, \fBdnb\fR, \fBt\fR) operates
on the word arrays \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR of length \fBn2\fR+\fBdna\fR and \fBn2\fR+\fBdnb\fR
(\fBdna\fR and \fBdnb\fR are currently allowed to be 0 or negative) and the 2*\fBn2\fR
word arrays \fBr\fR and \fBt\fR.  \fBn2\fR must be a power of 2.  It computes
\&\fBa\fR*\fBb\fR and places the result in \fBr\fR.
.PP
bn_mul_part_recursive(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBn\fR, \fBtna\fR, \fBtnb\fR, \fBtmp\fR)
operates on the word arrays \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR of length \fBn\fR+\fBtna\fR and
\&\fBn\fR+\fBtnb\fR and the 4*\fBn\fR word arrays \fBr\fR and \fBtmp\fR.
.PP
bn_mul_low_recursive(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBn2\fR, \fBtmp\fR) operates on the
\&\fBn2\fR word arrays \fBr\fR and \fBtmp\fR and the \fBn2\fR/2 word arrays \fBa\fR
and \fBb\fR.
.PP
bn_mul_high(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBl\fR, \fBn2\fR, \fBtmp\fR) operates on the
\&\fBn2\fR word arrays \fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR and \fBl\fR (?) and the 3*\fBn2\fR word
array \fBtmp\fR.
.PP
\&\fBBN_mul()\fR calls \fBbn_mul_normal()\fR, or an optimized implementation if the
factors have the same size: \fBbn_mul_comba8()\fR is used if they are 8
words long, \fBbn_mul_recursive()\fR if they are larger than
\&\fB\s-1BN_MULL_SIZE_NORMAL\s0\fR and the size is an exact multiple of the word
size, and \fBbn_mul_part_recursive()\fR for others that are larger than
\&\fB\s-1BN_MULL_SIZE_NORMAL\s0\fR.
.PP
bn_sqr_normal(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBn\fR, \fBtmp\fR) operates on the \fBn\fR word array
\&\fBa\fR and the 2*\fBn\fR word arrays \fBtmp\fR and \fBr\fR.
.PP
The implementations use the following macros which, depending on the
architecture, may use \*(L"long long\*(R" C operations or inline assembler.
They are defined in \f(CW\*(C`bn_lcl.h\*(C'\fR.
.PP
mul(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBw\fR, \fBc\fR) computes \fBw\fR*\fBa\fR+\fBc\fR and places the
low word of the result in \fBr\fR and the high word in \fBc\fR.
.PP
mul_add(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBw\fR, \fBc\fR) computes \fBw\fR*\fBa\fR+\fBr\fR+\fBc\fR and
places the low word of the result in \fBr\fR and the high word in \fBc\fR.
.PP
sqr(\fBr0\fR, \fBr1\fR, \fBa\fR) computes \fBa\fR*\fBa\fR and places the low word
of the result in \fBr0\fR and the high word in \fBr1\fR.
.SS "Size changes"
.IX Subsection "Size changes"
\&\fBbn_expand()\fR ensures that \fBb\fR has enough space for a \fBbits\fR bit
number.  \fBbn_wexpand()\fR ensures that \fBb\fR has enough space for an
\&\fBn\fR word number.  If the number has to be expanded, both macros
call \fBbn_expand2()\fR, which allocates a new \fBd\fR array and copies the
data.  They return \fB\s-1NULL\s0\fR on error, \fBb\fR otherwise.
.PP
The \fBbn_fix_top()\fR macro reduces \fBa\->top\fR to point to the most
significant non-zero word plus one when \fBa\fR has shrunk.
.SS "Debugging"
.IX Subsection "Debugging"
\&\fBbn_check_top()\fR verifies that \f(CW\*(C`((a)\->top >= 0 && (a)\->top
<= (a)\->dmax)\*(C'\fR.  A violation will cause the program to abort.
.PP
\&\fBbn_print()\fR prints \fBa\fR to stderr. \fBbn_dump()\fR prints \fBn\fR words at \fBd\fR
(in reverse order, i.e. most significant word first) to stderr.
.PP
\&\fBbn_set_max()\fR makes \fBa\fR a static number with a \fBdmax\fR of its current size.
This is used by \fBbn_set_low()\fR and \fBbn_set_high()\fR to make \fBr\fR a read-only
\&\fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fR that contains the \fBn\fR low or high words of \fBa\fR.
.PP
If \fB\s-1BN_DEBUG\s0\fR is not defined, \fBbn_check_top()\fR, \fBbn_print()\fR, \fBbn_dump()\fR
and \fBbn_set_max()\fR are defined as empty macros.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fBbn\fR\|(3)

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