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Edit File : edits.h \| Size : 20.73 KB
// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others. // License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html // edits.h // created: 2016dec30 Markus W. Scherer #ifndef __EDITS_H__ #define __EDITS_H__ #include "unicode/utypes.h" #if U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API #include "unicode/uobject.h" /** * \file * \brief C++ API: C++ class Edits for low-level string transformations on styled text. / U_NAMESPACE_BEGIN class UnicodeString; /* * Records lengths of string edits but not replacement text. Supports replacements, insertions, deletions * in linear progression. Does not support moving/reordering of text. * * There are two types of edits: <em>change edits</em> and <em>no-change edits</em>. Add edits to * instances of this class using {@link #addReplace(int32_t, int32_t)} (for change edits) and * {@link #addUnchanged(int32_t)} (for no-change edits). Change edits are retained with full granularity, * whereas adjacent no-change edits are always merged together. In no-change edits, there is a one-to-one * mapping between code points in the source and destination strings. * * After all edits have been added, instances of this class should be considered immutable, and an * {@link Edits::Iterator} can be used for queries. * * There are four flavors of Edits::Iterator: * * <ul> * <li>{@link #getFineIterator()} retains full granularity of change edits. * <li>{@link #getFineChangesIterator()} retains full granularity of change edits, and when calling * next() on the iterator, skips over no-change edits (unchanged regions). * <li>{@link #getCoarseIterator()} treats adjacent change edits as a single edit. (Adjacent no-change * edits are automatically merged during the construction phase.) * <li>{@link #getCoarseChangesIterator()} treats adjacent change edits as a single edit, and when * calling next() on the iterator, skips over no-change edits (unchanged regions). * </ul> * * For example, consider the string "abcßDeF", which case-folds to "abcssdef". This string has the * following fine edits: * <ul> * <li>abc ⇨ abc (no-change) * <li>ß ⇨ ss (change) * <li>D ⇨ d (change) * <li>e ⇨ e (no-change) * <li>F ⇨ f (change) * </ul> * and the following coarse edits (note how adjacent change edits get merged together): * <ul> * <li>abc ⇨ abc (no-change) * <li>ßD ⇨ ssd (change) * <li>e ⇨ e (no-change) * <li>F ⇨ f (change) * </ul> * * The "fine changes" and "coarse changes" iterators will step through only the change edits when their * `Edits::Iterator::next()` methods are called. They are identical to the non-change iterators when * their `Edits::Iterator::findSourceIndex()` or `Edits::Iterator::findDestinationIndex()` * methods are used to walk through the string. * * For examples of how to use this class, see the test `TestCaseMapEditsIteratorDocs` in * UCharacterCaseTest.java. * * An Edits object tracks a separate UErrorCode, but ICU string transformation functions * (e.g., case mapping functions) merge any such errors into their API's UErrorCode. * * @stable ICU 59 / class U_COMMON_API Edits final : public UMemory { public: /* * Constructs an empty object. * @stable ICU 59 / Edits() : array(stackArray), capacity(STACK_CAPACITY), length(0), delta(0), numChanges(0), errorCode_(U_ZERO_ERROR) {} /* * Copy constructor. * @param other source edits * @stable ICU 60 / Edits(const Edits &other) : array(stackArray), capacity(STACK_CAPACITY), length(other.length), delta(other.delta), numChanges(other.numChanges), errorCode_(other.errorCode_) { copyArray(other); } /* * Move constructor, might leave src empty. * This object will have the same contents that the source object had. * @param src source edits * @stable ICU 60 / Edits(Edits &&src) noexcept : array(stackArray), capacity(STACK_CAPACITY), length(src.length), delta(src.delta), numChanges(src.numChanges), errorCode_(src.errorCode_) { moveArray(src); } /* * Destructor. * @stable ICU 59 / ~Edits(); /* * Assignment operator. * @param other source edits * @return this @stable ICU 60 / Edits &operator=(const Edits &other); /* * Move assignment operator, might leave src empty. * This object will have the same contents that the source object had. * The behavior is undefined if this and src are the same object. @param src source edits * @return this @stable ICU 60 / Edits &operator=(Edits &&src) noexcept; /* * Resets the data but may not release memory. * @stable ICU 59 / void reset() noexcept; /* * Adds a no-change edit: a record for an unchanged segment of text. * Normally called from inside ICU string transformation functions, not user code. * @stable ICU 59 / void addUnchanged(int32_t unchangedLength); /* * Adds a change edit: a record for a text replacement/insertion/deletion. * Normally called from inside ICU string transformation functions, not user code. * @stable ICU 59 / void addReplace(int32_t oldLength, int32_t newLength); /* * Sets the UErrorCode if an error occurred while recording edits. * Preserves older error codes in the outErrorCode. * Normally called from inside ICU string transformation functions, not user code. * @param outErrorCode Set to an error code if it does not contain one already * and an error occurred while recording edits. * Otherwise unchanged. * @return true if U_FAILURE(outErrorCode) * @stable ICU 59 / UBool copyErrorTo(UErrorCode &outErrorCode) const; /* * How much longer is the new text compared with the old text? * @return new length minus old length * @stable ICU 59 / int32_t lengthDelta() const { return delta; } /* * @return true if there are any change edits * @stable ICU 59 / UBool hasChanges() const { return numChanges != 0; } /* * @return the number of change edits * @stable ICU 60 / int32_t numberOfChanges() const { return numChanges; } /* * Access to the list of edits. * * At any moment in time, an instance of this class points to a single edit: a "window" into a span * of the source string and the corresponding span of the destination string. The source string span * starts at {@link #sourceIndex()} and runs for {@link #oldLength()} chars; the destination string * span starts at {@link #destinationIndex()} and runs for {@link #newLength()} chars. * * The iterator can be moved between edits using the `next()`, `findSourceIndex(int32_t, UErrorCode &)`, * and `findDestinationIndex(int32_t, UErrorCode &)` methods. * Calling any of these methods mutates the iterator to make it point to the corresponding edit. * * For more information, see the documentation for {@link Edits}. * * @see getCoarseIterator * @see getFineIterator * @stable ICU 59 / struct U_COMMON_API Iterator final : public UMemory { /* * Default constructor, empty iterator. * @stable ICU 60 / Iterator() : array(nullptr), index(0), length(0), remaining(0), onlyChanges_(false), coarse(false), dir(0), changed(false), oldLength_(0), newLength_(0), srcIndex(0), replIndex(0), destIndex(0) {} /* * Copy constructor. * @stable ICU 59 / Iterator(const Iterator &other) = default; /* * Assignment operator. * @stable ICU 59 / Iterator &operator=(const Iterator &other) = default; /* * Advances the iterator to the next edit. * @param errorCode ICU error code. Its input value must pass the U_SUCCESS() test, * or else the function returns immediately. Check for U_FAILURE() * on output or use with function chaining. (See User Guide for details.) * @return true if there is another edit * @stable ICU 59 / UBool next(UErrorCode &errorCode) { return next(onlyChanges_, errorCode); } /* * Moves the iterator to the edit that contains the source index. * The source index may be found in a no-change edit * even if normal iteration would skip no-change edits. * Normal iteration can continue from a found edit. * * The iterator state before this search logically does not matter. * (It may affect the performance of the search.) * * The iterator state after this search is undefined * if the source index is out of bounds for the source string. * * @param i source index * @param errorCode ICU error code. Its input value must pass the U_SUCCESS() test, * or else the function returns immediately. Check for U_FAILURE() * on output or use with function chaining. (See User Guide for details.) * @return true if the edit for the source index was found * @stable ICU 59 / UBool findSourceIndex(int32_t i, UErrorCode &errorCode) { return findIndex(i, true, errorCode) == 0; } /* * Moves the iterator to the edit that contains the destination index. * The destination index may be found in a no-change edit * even if normal iteration would skip no-change edits. * Normal iteration can continue from a found edit. * * The iterator state before this search logically does not matter. * (It may affect the performance of the search.) * * The iterator state after this search is undefined * if the source index is out of bounds for the source string. * * @param i destination index * @param errorCode ICU error code. Its input value must pass the U_SUCCESS() test, * or else the function returns immediately. Check for U_FAILURE() * on output or use with function chaining. (See User Guide for details.) * @return true if the edit for the destination index was found * @stable ICU 60 / UBool findDestinationIndex(int32_t i, UErrorCode &errorCode) { return findIndex(i, false, errorCode) == 0; } /* * Computes the destination index corresponding to the given source index. * If the source index is inside a change edit (not at its start), * then the destination index at the end of that edit is returned, * since there is no information about index mapping inside a change edit. * * (This means that indexes to the start and middle of an edit, * for example around a grapheme cluster, are mapped to indexes * encompassing the entire edit. * The alternative, mapping an interior index to the start, * would map such an interval to an empty one.) * * This operation will usually but not always modify this object. * The iterator state after this search is undefined. * * @param i source index * @param errorCode ICU error code. Its input value must pass the U_SUCCESS() test, * or else the function returns immediately. Check for U_FAILURE() * on output or use with function chaining. (See User Guide for details.) * @return destination index; undefined if i is not 0..string length * @stable ICU 60 / int32_t destinationIndexFromSourceIndex(int32_t i, UErrorCode &errorCode); /* * Computes the source index corresponding to the given destination index. * If the destination index is inside a change edit (not at its start), * then the source index at the end of that edit is returned, * since there is no information about index mapping inside a change edit. * * (This means that indexes to the start and middle of an edit, * for example around a grapheme cluster, are mapped to indexes * encompassing the entire edit. * The alternative, mapping an interior index to the start, * would map such an interval to an empty one.) * * This operation will usually but not always modify this object. * The iterator state after this search is undefined. * * @param i destination index * @param errorCode ICU error code. Its input value must pass the U_SUCCESS() test, * or else the function returns immediately. Check for U_FAILURE() * on output or use with function chaining. (See User Guide for details.) * @return source index; undefined if i is not 0..string length * @stable ICU 60 / int32_t sourceIndexFromDestinationIndex(int32_t i, UErrorCode &errorCode); /* * Returns whether the edit currently represented by the iterator is a change edit. * * @return true if this edit replaces oldLength() units with newLength() different ones. * false if oldLength units remain unchanged. * @stable ICU 59 / UBool hasChange() const { return changed; } /* * The length of the current span in the source string, which starts at {@link #sourceIndex}. * * @return the number of units in the original string which are replaced or remain unchanged. * @stable ICU 59 / int32_t oldLength() const { return oldLength_; } /* * The length of the current span in the destination string, which starts at * {@link #destinationIndex}, or in the replacement string, which starts at * {@link #replacementIndex}. * * @return the number of units in the modified string, if hasChange() is true. * Same as oldLength if hasChange() is false. * @stable ICU 59 / int32_t newLength() const { return newLength_; } /* * The start index of the current span in the source string; the span has length * {@link #oldLength}. * * @return the current index into the source string * @stable ICU 59 / int32_t sourceIndex() const { return srcIndex; } /* * The start index of the current span in the replacement string; the span has length * {@link #newLength}. Well-defined only if the current edit is a change edit. * * The replacement string is the concatenation of all substrings of the destination * string corresponding to change edits. * * This method is intended to be used together with operations that write only replacement * characters (e.g. operations specifying the \ref U_OMIT_UNCHANGED_TEXT option). * The source string can then be modified in-place. * * @return the current index into the replacement-characters-only string, * not counting unchanged spans * @stable ICU 59 / int32_t replacementIndex() const { // TODO: Throw an exception if we aren't in a change edit? return replIndex; } /* * The start index of the current span in the destination string; the span has length * {@link #newLength}. * * @return the current index into the full destination string * @stable ICU 59 / int32_t destinationIndex() const { return destIndex; } #ifndef U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API /* * A string representation of the current edit represented by the iterator for debugging. You * should not depend on the contents of the return string. * @internal / UnicodeString& toString(UnicodeString& appendTo) const; #endif // U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API private: friend class Edits; Iterator(const uint16_t a, int32_t len, UBool oc, UBool crs); int32_t readLength(int32_t head); void updateNextIndexes(); void updatePreviousIndexes(); UBool noNext(); UBool next(UBool onlyChanges, UErrorCode &errorCode); UBool previous(UErrorCode &errorCode); /** @return -1: error or i<0; 0: found; 1: i>=string length / int32_t findIndex(int32_t i, UBool findSource, UErrorCode &errorCode); const uint16_t array; int32_t index, length; // 0 if we are not within compressed equal-length changes. // Otherwise the number of remaining changes, including the current one. int32_t remaining; UBool onlyChanges_, coarse; int8_t dir; // iteration direction: back(<0), initial(0), forward(>0) UBool changed; int32_t oldLength_, newLength_; int32_t srcIndex, replIndex, destIndex; }; /** * Returns an Iterator for coarse-grained change edits * (adjacent change edits are treated as one). * Can be used to perform simple string updates. * Skips no-change edits. * @return an Iterator that merges adjacent changes. * @stable ICU 59 / Iterator getCoarseChangesIterator() const { return Iterator(array, length, true, true); } /* * Returns an Iterator for coarse-grained change and no-change edits * (adjacent change edits are treated as one). * Can be used to perform simple string updates. * Adjacent change edits are treated as one edit. * @return an Iterator that merges adjacent changes. * @stable ICU 59 / Iterator getCoarseIterator() const { return Iterator(array, length, false, true); } /* * Returns an Iterator for fine-grained change edits * (full granularity of change edits is retained). * Can be used for modifying styled text. * Skips no-change edits. * @return an Iterator that separates adjacent changes. * @stable ICU 59 / Iterator getFineChangesIterator() const { return Iterator(array, length, true, false); } /* * Returns an Iterator for fine-grained change and no-change edits * (full granularity of change edits is retained). * Can be used for modifying styled text. * @return an Iterator that separates adjacent changes. * @stable ICU 59 / Iterator getFineIterator() const { return Iterator(array, length, false, false); } /* * Merges the two input Edits and appends the result to this object. * * Consider two string transformations (for example, normalization and case mapping) * where each records Edits in addition to writing an output string.<br> * Edits ab reflect how substrings of input string a * map to substrings of intermediate string b.<br> * Edits bc reflect how substrings of intermediate string b * map to substrings of output string c.<br> * This function merges ab and bc such that the additional edits * recorded in this object reflect how substrings of input string a * map to substrings of output string c. * * If unrelated Edits are passed in where the output string of the first * has a different length than the input string of the second, * then a U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR is reported. * * @param ab reflects how substrings of input string a * map to substrings of intermediate string b. * @param bc reflects how substrings of intermediate string b * map to substrings of output string c. * @param errorCode ICU error code. Its input value must pass the U_SUCCESS() test, * or else the function returns immediately. Check for U_FAILURE() * on output or use with function chaining. (See User Guide for details.) * @return this, with the merged edits appended @stable ICU 60 / Edits &mergeAndAppend(const Edits &ab, const Edits &bc, UErrorCode &errorCode); private: void releaseArray() noexcept; Edits &copyArray(const Edits &other); Edits &moveArray(Edits &src) noexcept; void setLastUnit(int32_t last) { array[length - 1] = (uint16_t)last; } int32_t lastUnit() const { return length > 0 ? array[length - 1] : 0xffff; } void append(int32_t r); UBool growArray(); static const int32_t STACK_CAPACITY = 100; uint16_t array; int32_t capacity; int32_t length; int32_t delta; int32_t numChanges; UErrorCode errorCode_; uint16_t stackArray[STACK_CAPACITY]; }; U_NAMESPACE_END #endif /* U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API */ #endif // __EDITS_H__ Back

Edit File : edits.h | Size : 20.73 KB

// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
// License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html

// edits.h
// created: 2016dec30 Markus W. Scherer

#ifndef __EDITS_H__
#define __EDITS_H__

#include "unicode/utypes.h"

#if U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API

#include "unicode/uobject.h"

/**
 * \file
 * \brief C++ API: C++ class Edits for low-level string transformations on styled text.
 */

U_NAMESPACE_BEGIN

class UnicodeString;

/**
 * Records lengths of string edits but not replacement text. Supports replacements, insertions, deletions
 * in linear progression. Does not support moving/reordering of text.
 *
 * There are two types of edits: change edits and no-change edits. Add edits to
 * instances of this class using {@link #addReplace(int32_t, int32_t)} (for change edits) and
 * {@link #addUnchanged(int32_t)} (for no-change edits). Change edits are retained with full granularity,
 * whereas adjacent no-change edits are always merged together. In no-change edits, there is a one-to-one
 * mapping between code points in the source and destination strings.
 *
 * After all edits have been added, instances of this class should be considered immutable, and an
 * {@link Edits::Iterator} can be used for queries.
 *
 * There are four flavors of Edits::Iterator:
 *
 * <ul>
 * <li>{@link #getFineIterator()} retains full granularity of change edits.
 * <li>{@link #getFineChangesIterator()} retains full granularity of change edits, and when calling
 * next() on the iterator, skips over no-change edits (unchanged regions).
 * <li>{@link #getCoarseIterator()} treats adjacent change edits as a single edit. (Adjacent no-change
 * edits are automatically merged during the construction phase.)
 * <li>{@link #getCoarseChangesIterator()} treats adjacent change edits as a single edit, and when
 * calling next() on the iterator, skips over no-change edits (unchanged regions).
 * </ul>
 *
 * For example, consider the string "abcßDeF", which case-folds to "abcssdef". This string has the
 * following fine edits:
 * <ul>
 * <li>abc ⇨ abc (no-change)
 * <li>ß ⇨ ss (change)
 * <li>D ⇨ d (change)
 * <li>e ⇨ e (no-change)
 * <li>F ⇨ f (change)
 * </ul>
 * and the following coarse edits (note how adjacent change edits get merged together):
 * <ul>
 * <li>abc ⇨ abc (no-change)
 * <li>ßD ⇨ ssd (change)
 * <li>e ⇨ e (no-change)
 * <li>F ⇨ f (change)
 * </ul>
 *
 * The "fine changes" and "coarse changes" iterators will step through only the change edits when their
 * `Edits::Iterator::next()` methods are called. They are identical to the non-change iterators when
 * their `Edits::Iterator::findSourceIndex()` or `Edits::Iterator::findDestinationIndex()`
 * methods are used to walk through the string.
 *
 * For examples of how to use this class, see the test `TestCaseMapEditsIteratorDocs` in
 * UCharacterCaseTest.java.
 *
 * An Edits object tracks a separate UErrorCode, but ICU string transformation functions
 * (e.g., case mapping functions) merge any such errors into their API's UErrorCode.
 *
 * @stable ICU 59
 */
class U_COMMON_API Edits final : public UMemory {
public:
 /**
 * Constructs an empty object.
 * @stable ICU 59
 */
 Edits() :
 array(stackArray), capacity(STACK_CAPACITY), length(0), delta(0), numChanges(0),
 errorCode_(U_ZERO_ERROR) {}
 /**
 * Copy constructor.
 * @param other source edits
 * @stable ICU 60
 */
 Edits(const Edits &other) :
 array(stackArray), capacity(STACK_CAPACITY), length(other.length),
 delta(other.delta), numChanges(other.numChanges),
 errorCode_(other.errorCode_) {
 copyArray(other);
 }
 /**
 * Move constructor, might leave src empty.
 * This object will have the same contents that the source object had.
 * @param src source edits
 * @stable ICU 60
 */
 Edits(Edits &&src) noexcept :
 array(stackArray), capacity(STACK_CAPACITY), length(src.length),
 delta(src.delta), numChanges(src.numChanges),
 errorCode_(src.errorCode_) {
 moveArray(src);
 }

/**
     * Destructor.
     * @stable ICU 59
     */
    ~Edits();

/**
     * Assignment operator.
     * @param other source edits
     * @return *this
     * @stable ICU 60
     */
    Edits &operator=(const Edits &other);

/**
     * Move assignment operator, might leave src empty.
     * This object will have the same contents that the source object had.
     * The behavior is undefined if *this and src are the same object.
     * @param src source edits
     * @return *this
     * @stable ICU 60
     */
    Edits &operator=(Edits &&src) noexcept;

/**
     * Resets the data but may not release memory.
     * @stable ICU 59
     */
    void reset() noexcept;

/**
     * Adds a no-change edit: a record for an unchanged segment of text.
     * Normally called from inside ICU string transformation functions, not user code.
     * @stable ICU 59
     */
    void addUnchanged(int32_t unchangedLength);
    /**
     * Adds a change edit: a record for a text replacement/insertion/deletion.
     * Normally called from inside ICU string transformation functions, not user code.
     * @stable ICU 59
     */
    void addReplace(int32_t oldLength, int32_t newLength);
    /**
     * Sets the UErrorCode if an error occurred while recording edits.
     * Preserves older error codes in the outErrorCode.
     * Normally called from inside ICU string transformation functions, not user code.
     * @param outErrorCode Set to an error code if it does not contain one already
     *                  and an error occurred while recording edits.
     *                  Otherwise unchanged.
     * @return true if U_FAILURE(outErrorCode)
     * @stable ICU 59
     */
    UBool copyErrorTo(UErrorCode &outErrorCode) const;

/**
     * How much longer is the new text compared with the old text?
     * @return new length minus old length
     * @stable ICU 59
     */
    int32_t lengthDelta() const { return delta; }
    /**
     * @return true if there are any change edits
     * @stable ICU 59
     */
    UBool hasChanges() const { return numChanges != 0; }

/**
     * @return the number of change edits
     * @stable ICU 60
     */
    int32_t numberOfChanges() const { return numChanges; }

/**
     * Access to the list of edits.
     *
     * At any moment in time, an instance of this class points to a single edit: a "window" into a span
     * of the source string and the corresponding span of the destination string. The source string span
     * starts at {@link #sourceIndex()} and runs for {@link #oldLength()} chars; the destination string
     * span starts at {@link #destinationIndex()} and runs for {@link #newLength()} chars.
     *
     * The iterator can be moved between edits using the `next()`, `findSourceIndex(int32_t, UErrorCode &)`,
     * and `findDestinationIndex(int32_t, UErrorCode &)` methods.
     * Calling any of these methods mutates the iterator to make it point to the corresponding edit.
     *
     * For more information, see the documentation for {@link Edits}.
     *
     * @see getCoarseIterator
     * @see getFineIterator
     * @stable ICU 59
     */
    struct U_COMMON_API Iterator final : public UMemory {
        /**
         * Default constructor, empty iterator.
         * @stable ICU 60
         */
        Iterator() :
                array(nullptr), index(0), length(0),
                remaining(0), onlyChanges_(false), coarse(false),
                dir(0), changed(false), oldLength_(0), newLength_(0),
                srcIndex(0), replIndex(0), destIndex(0) {}
        /**
         * Copy constructor.
         * @stable ICU 59
         */
        Iterator(const Iterator &other) = default;
        /**
         * Assignment operator.
         * @stable ICU 59
         */
        Iterator &operator=(const Iterator &other) = default;

/**
         * Advances the iterator to the next edit.
         * @param errorCode ICU error code. Its input value must pass the U_SUCCESS() test,
         *                  or else the function returns immediately. Check for U_FAILURE()
         *                  on output or use with function chaining. (See User Guide for details.)
         * @return true if there is another edit
         * @stable ICU 59
         */
        UBool next(UErrorCode &errorCode) { return next(onlyChanges_, errorCode); }

/**
         * Moves the iterator to the edit that contains the source index.
         * The source index may be found in a no-change edit
         * even if normal iteration would skip no-change edits.
         * Normal iteration can continue from a found edit.
         *
         * The iterator state before this search logically does not matter.
         * (It may affect the performance of the search.)
         *
         * The iterator state after this search is undefined
         * if the source index is out of bounds for the source string.
         *
         * @param i source index
         * @param errorCode ICU error code. Its input value must pass the U_SUCCESS() test,
         *                  or else the function returns immediately. Check for U_FAILURE()
         *                  on output or use with function chaining. (See User Guide for details.)
         * @return true if the edit for the source index was found
         * @stable ICU 59
         */
        UBool findSourceIndex(int32_t i, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
            return findIndex(i, true, errorCode) == 0;
        }

/**
         * Moves the iterator to the edit that contains the destination index.
         * The destination index may be found in a no-change edit
         * even if normal iteration would skip no-change edits.
         * Normal iteration can continue from a found edit.
         *
         * The iterator state before this search logically does not matter.
         * (It may affect the performance of the search.)
         *
         * The iterator state after this search is undefined
         * if the source index is out of bounds for the source string.
         *
         * @param i destination index
         * @param errorCode ICU error code. Its input value must pass the U_SUCCESS() test,
         *                  or else the function returns immediately. Check for U_FAILURE()
         *                  on output or use with function chaining. (See User Guide for details.)
         * @return true if the edit for the destination index was found
         * @stable ICU 60
         */
        UBool findDestinationIndex(int32_t i, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
            return findIndex(i, false, errorCode) == 0;
        }

/**
         * Computes the destination index corresponding to the given source index.
         * If the source index is inside a change edit (not at its start),
         * then the destination index at the end of that edit is returned,
         * since there is no information about index mapping inside a change edit.
         *
         * (This means that indexes to the start and middle of an edit,
         * for example around a grapheme cluster, are mapped to indexes
         * encompassing the entire edit.
         * The alternative, mapping an interior index to the start,
         * would map such an interval to an empty one.)
         *
         * This operation will usually but not always modify this object.
         * The iterator state after this search is undefined.
         *
         * @param i source index
         * @param errorCode ICU error code. Its input value must pass the U_SUCCESS() test,
         *                  or else the function returns immediately. Check for U_FAILURE()
         *                  on output or use with function chaining. (See User Guide for details.)
         * @return destination index; undefined if i is not 0..string length
         * @stable ICU 60
         */
        int32_t destinationIndexFromSourceIndex(int32_t i, UErrorCode &errorCode);

/**
         * Computes the source index corresponding to the given destination index.
         * If the destination index is inside a change edit (not at its start),
         * then the source index at the end of that edit is returned,
         * since there is no information about index mapping inside a change edit.
         *
         * (This means that indexes to the start and middle of an edit,
         * for example around a grapheme cluster, are mapped to indexes
         * encompassing the entire edit.
         * The alternative, mapping an interior index to the start,
         * would map such an interval to an empty one.)
         *
         * This operation will usually but not always modify this object.
         * The iterator state after this search is undefined.
         *
         * @param i destination index
         * @param errorCode ICU error code. Its input value must pass the U_SUCCESS() test,
         *                  or else the function returns immediately. Check for U_FAILURE()
         *                  on output or use with function chaining. (See User Guide for details.)
         * @return source index; undefined if i is not 0..string length
         * @stable ICU 60
         */
        int32_t sourceIndexFromDestinationIndex(int32_t i, UErrorCode &errorCode);

/**
         * Returns whether the edit currently represented by the iterator is a change edit.
         *
         * @return true if this edit replaces oldLength() units with newLength() different ones.
         *         false if oldLength units remain unchanged.
         * @stable ICU 59
         */
        UBool hasChange() const { return changed; }

/**
         * The length of the current span in the source string, which starts at {@link #sourceIndex}.
         *
         * @return the number of units in the original string which are replaced or remain unchanged.
         * @stable ICU 59
         */
        int32_t oldLength() const { return oldLength_; }

/**
         * The length of the current span in the destination string, which starts at
         * {@link #destinationIndex}, or in the replacement string, which starts at
         * {@link #replacementIndex}.
         *
         * @return the number of units in the modified string, if hasChange() is true.
         *         Same as oldLength if hasChange() is false.
         * @stable ICU 59
         */
        int32_t newLength() const { return newLength_; }

/**
         * The start index of the current span in the source string; the span has length
         * {@link #oldLength}.
         *
         * @return the current index into the source string
         * @stable ICU 59
         */
        int32_t sourceIndex() const { return srcIndex; }

/**
         * The start index of the current span in the replacement string; the span has length
         * {@link #newLength}. Well-defined only if the current edit is a change edit.
         *
         * The *replacement string* is the concatenation of all substrings of the destination
         * string corresponding to change edits.
         *
         * This method is intended to be used together with operations that write only replacement
         * characters (e.g. operations specifying the \ref U_OMIT_UNCHANGED_TEXT option).
         * The source string can then be modified in-place.
         *
         * @return the current index into the replacement-characters-only string,
         *         not counting unchanged spans
         * @stable ICU 59
         */
        int32_t replacementIndex() const {
            // TODO: Throw an exception if we aren't in a change edit?
            return replIndex;
        }

/**
         * The start index of the current span in the destination string; the span has length
         * {@link #newLength}.
         *
         * @return the current index into the full destination string
         * @stable ICU 59
         */
        int32_t destinationIndex() const { return destIndex; }

#ifndef U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API
        /**
         * A string representation of the current edit represented by the iterator for debugging. You
         * should not depend on the contents of the return string.
         * @internal
         */
        UnicodeString& toString(UnicodeString& appendTo) const;
#endif  // U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API

private:
        friend class Edits;

Iterator(const uint16_t *a, int32_t len, UBool oc, UBool crs);

int32_t readLength(int32_t head);
 void updateNextIndexes();
 void updatePreviousIndexes();
 UBool noNext();
 UBool next(UBool onlyChanges, UErrorCode &errorCode);
 UBool previous(UErrorCode &errorCode);
 /** @return -1: error or i<0; 0: found; 1: i>=string length */
 int32_t findIndex(int32_t i, UBool findSource, UErrorCode &errorCode);

const uint16_t *array;
        int32_t index, length;
        // 0 if we are not within compressed equal-length changes.
        // Otherwise the number of remaining changes, including the current one.
        int32_t remaining;
        UBool onlyChanges_, coarse;

int8_t dir; // iteration direction: back(<0), initial(0), forward(>0)
 UBool changed;
 int32_t oldLength_, newLength_;
 int32_t srcIndex, replIndex, destIndex;
 };

/**
     * Returns an Iterator for coarse-grained change edits
     * (adjacent change edits are treated as one).
     * Can be used to perform simple string updates.
     * Skips no-change edits.
     * @return an Iterator that merges adjacent changes.
     * @stable ICU 59
     */
    Iterator getCoarseChangesIterator() const {
        return Iterator(array, length, true, true);
    }

/**
     * Returns an Iterator for coarse-grained change and no-change edits
     * (adjacent change edits are treated as one).
     * Can be used to perform simple string updates.
     * Adjacent change edits are treated as one edit.
     * @return an Iterator that merges adjacent changes.
     * @stable ICU 59
     */
    Iterator getCoarseIterator() const {
        return Iterator(array, length, false, true);
    }

/**
     * Returns an Iterator for fine-grained change edits
     * (full granularity of change edits is retained).
     * Can be used for modifying styled text.
     * Skips no-change edits.
     * @return an Iterator that separates adjacent changes.
     * @stable ICU 59
     */
    Iterator getFineChangesIterator() const {
        return Iterator(array, length, true, false);
    }

/**
     * Returns an Iterator for fine-grained change and no-change edits
     * (full granularity of change edits is retained).
     * Can be used for modifying styled text.
     * @return an Iterator that separates adjacent changes.
     * @stable ICU 59
     */
    Iterator getFineIterator() const {
        return Iterator(array, length, false, false);
    }

/**
 * Merges the two input Edits and appends the result to this object.
 *
 * Consider two string transformations (for example, normalization and case mapping)
 * where each records Edits in addition to writing an output string. 
 * Edits ab reflect how substrings of input string a
 * map to substrings of intermediate string b. 
 * Edits bc reflect how substrings of intermediate string b
 * map to substrings of output string c. 
 * This function merges ab and bc such that the additional edits
 * recorded in this object reflect how substrings of input string a
 * map to substrings of output string c.
 *
 * If unrelated Edits are passed in where the output string of the first
 * has a different length than the input string of the second,
 * then a U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR is reported.
 *
 * @param ab reflects how substrings of input string a
 * map to substrings of intermediate string b.
 * @param bc reflects how substrings of intermediate string b
 * map to substrings of output string c.
 * @param errorCode ICU error code. Its input value must pass the U_SUCCESS() test,
 * or else the function returns immediately. Check for U_FAILURE()
 * on output or use with function chaining. (See User Guide for details.)
 * @return *this, with the merged edits appended
 * @stable ICU 60
 */
 Edits &mergeAndAppend(const Edits &ab, const Edits &bc, UErrorCode &errorCode);

private:
    void releaseArray() noexcept;
    Edits &copyArray(const Edits &other);
    Edits &moveArray(Edits &src) noexcept;

void setLastUnit(int32_t last) { array[length - 1] = (uint16_t)last; }
    int32_t lastUnit() const { return length > 0 ? array[length - 1] : 0xffff; }

void append(int32_t r);
    UBool growArray();

static const int32_t STACK_CAPACITY = 100;
    uint16_t *array;
    int32_t capacity;
    int32_t length;
    int32_t delta;
    int32_t numChanges;
    UErrorCode errorCode_;
    uint16_t stackArray[STACK_CAPACITY];
};

U_NAMESPACE_END

#endif /* U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API */

#endif  // __EDITS_H__

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