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// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others. // License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html /* ****************************************************************************** * * Copyright (C) 1996-2015, International Business Machines * Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved. * ****************************************************************************** * * File locid.h * * Created by: Helena Shih * * Modification History: * * Date Name Description * 02/11/97 aliu Changed gLocPath to fgLocPath and added methods to * get and set it. * 04/02/97 aliu Made operator!= inline; fixed return value of getName(). * 04/15/97 aliu Cleanup for AIX/Win32. * 04/24/97 aliu Numerous changes per code review. * 08/18/98 stephen Added tokenizeString(),changed getDisplayName() * 09/08/98 stephen Moved definition of kEmptyString for Mac Port * 11/09/99 weiv Added const char * getName() const; * 04/12/00 srl removing unicodestring api's and cached hash code * 08/10/01 grhoten Change the static Locales to accessor functions ****************************************************************************** / #ifndef LOCID_H #define LOCID_H #include "unicode/utypes.h" #if U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API #include "unicode/bytestream.h" #include "unicode/localpointer.h" #include "unicode/strenum.h" #include "unicode/stringpiece.h" #include "unicode/uobject.h" #include "unicode/putil.h" #include "unicode/uloc.h" /* * \file * \brief C++ API: Locale ID object. / U_NAMESPACE_BEGIN // Forward Declarations void U_CALLCONV locale_available_init(); /< @internal / class StringEnumeration; class UnicodeString; /** * A <code>Locale</code> object represents a specific geographical, political, * or cultural region. An operation that requires a <code>Locale</code> to perform * its task is called <em>locale-sensitive</em> and uses the <code>Locale</code> * to tailor information for the user. For example, displaying a number * is a locale-sensitive operation--the number should be formatted * according to the customs/conventions of the user's native country, * region, or culture. * * The Locale class is not suitable for subclassing. * * <P> * You can create a <code>Locale</code> object using the constructor in * this class: * \htmlonly<blockquote>\endhtmlonly * <pre> * Locale( const char* language, * const char* country, * const char* variant); * </pre> * \htmlonly</blockquote>\endhtmlonly * The first argument to the constructors is a valid <STRONG>ISO * Language Code.</STRONG> These codes are the lower-case two-letter * codes as defined by ISO-639. * You can find a full list of these codes at: * <BR><a href ="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/"> * http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/</a> * * <P> * The second argument to the constructors is a valid <STRONG>ISO Country * Code.</STRONG> These codes are the upper-case two-letter codes * as defined by ISO-3166. * You can find a full list of these codes at a number of sites, such as: * <BR><a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html"> * http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html</a> * * <P> * The third constructor requires a third argument--the <STRONG>Variant.</STRONG> * The Variant codes are vendor and browser-specific. * For example, use REVISED for a language's revised script orthography, and POSIX for POSIX. * Where there are two variants, separate them with an underscore, and * put the most important one first. For * example, a Traditional Spanish collation might be referenced, with * "ES", "ES", "Traditional_POSIX". * * <P> * Because a <code>Locale</code> object is just an identifier for a region, * no validity check is performed when you construct a <code>Locale</code>. * If you want to see whether particular resources are available for the * <code>Locale</code> you construct, you must query those resources. For * example, ask the <code>NumberFormat</code> for the locales it supports * using its <code>getAvailableLocales</code> method. * <BR><STRONG>Note:</STRONG> When you ask for a resource for a particular * locale, you get back the best available match, not necessarily * precisely what you asked for. For more information, look at * <code>ResourceBundle</code>. * * <P> * The <code>Locale</code> class provides a number of convenient constants * that you can use to create <code>Locale</code> objects for commonly used * locales. For example, the following refers to a <code>Locale</code> object * for the United States: * \htmlonly<blockquote>\endhtmlonly * <pre> * Locale::getUS() * </pre> * \htmlonly</blockquote>\endhtmlonly * * <P> * Once you've created a <code>Locale</code> you can query it for information about * itself. Use <code>getCountry</code> to get the ISO Country Code and * <code>getLanguage</code> to get the ISO Language Code. You can * use <code>getDisplayCountry</code> to get the * name of the country suitable for displaying to the user. Similarly, * you can use <code>getDisplayLanguage</code> to get the name of * the language suitable for displaying to the user. Interestingly, * the <code>getDisplayXXX</code> methods are themselves locale-sensitive * and have two versions: one that uses the default locale and one * that takes a locale as an argument and displays the name or country in * a language appropriate to that locale. * * <P> * ICU provides a number of classes that perform locale-sensitive * operations. For example, the <code>NumberFormat</code> class formats * numbers, currency, or percentages in a locale-sensitive manner. Classes * such as <code>NumberFormat</code> have a number of convenience methods * for creating a default object of that type. For example, the * <code>NumberFormat</code> class provides these three convenience methods * for creating a default <code>NumberFormat</code> object: * \htmlonly<blockquote>\endhtmlonly * <pre> * UErrorCode success = U_ZERO_ERROR; * Locale myLocale; * NumberFormat nf; * nf = NumberFormat::createInstance( success ); delete nf; * nf = NumberFormat::createCurrencyInstance( success ); delete nf; * nf = NumberFormat::createPercentInstance( success ); delete nf; * </pre> * \htmlonly</blockquote>\endhtmlonly * Each of these methods has two variants; one with an explicit locale * and one without; the latter using the default locale. * \htmlonly<blockquote>\endhtmlonly * <pre> * nf = NumberFormat::createInstance( myLocale, success ); delete nf; * nf = NumberFormat::createCurrencyInstance( myLocale, success ); delete nf; * nf = NumberFormat::createPercentInstance( myLocale, success ); delete nf; * </pre> * \htmlonly</blockquote>\endhtmlonly * A <code>Locale</code> is the mechanism for identifying the kind of object * (<code>NumberFormat</code>) that you would like to get. The locale is * <STRONG>just</STRONG> a mechanism for identifying objects, * <STRONG>not</STRONG> a container for the objects themselves. * * <P> * Each class that performs locale-sensitive operations allows you * to get all the available objects of that type. You can sift * through these objects by language, country, or variant, * and use the display names to present a menu to the user. * For example, you can create a menu of all the collation objects * suitable for a given language. Such classes implement these * three class methods: * \htmlonly<blockquote>\endhtmlonly * <pre> * static Locale* getAvailableLocales(int32_t& numLocales) * static UnicodeString& getDisplayName(const Locale& objectLocale, * const Locale& displayLocale, * UnicodeString& displayName) * static UnicodeString& getDisplayName(const Locale& objectLocale, * UnicodeString& displayName) * </pre> * \htmlonly</blockquote>\endhtmlonly * * @stable ICU 2.0 * @see ResourceBundle / class U_COMMON_API Locale : public UObject { public: /* Useful constant for the Root locale. @stable ICU 4.4 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getRoot(); /* Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getEnglish(); /* Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getFrench(); /* Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getGerman(); /* Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getItalian(); /* Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getJapanese(); /* Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getKorean(); /* Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getChinese(); /* Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getSimplifiedChinese(); /* Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getTraditionalChinese(); /* Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getFrance(); /* Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getGermany(); /* Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getItaly(); /* Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getJapan(); /* Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getKorea(); /* Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getChina(); /* Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getPRC(); /* Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getTaiwan(); /* Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getUK(); /* Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getUS(); /* Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getCanada(); /* Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getCanadaFrench(); /* * Construct a default locale object, a Locale for the default locale ID. * * @see getDefault * @see uloc_getDefault * @stable ICU 2.0 / Locale(); /* * Construct a locale from language, country, variant. * If an error occurs, then the constructed object will be "bogus" * (isBogus() will return true). * * @param language Lowercase two-letter or three-letter ISO-639 code. * This parameter can instead be an ICU style C locale (e.g. "en_US"), * but the other parameters must not be used. * This parameter can be nullptr; if so, * the locale is initialized to match the current default locale. * (This is the same as using the default constructor.) * Please note: The Java Locale class does NOT accept the form * 'new Locale("en_US")' but only 'new Locale("en","US")' * * @param country Uppercase two-letter ISO-3166 code. (optional) * @param variant Uppercase vendor and browser specific code. See class * description. (optional) * @param keywordsAndValues A string consisting of keyword/values pairs, such as * "collation=phonebook;currency=euro" * * @see getDefault * @see uloc_getDefault * @stable ICU 2.0 / Locale(const char language, const char* country = nullptr, const char* variant = nullptr, const char* keywordsAndValues = nullptr); /** * Initializes a Locale object from another Locale object. * * @param other The Locale object being copied in. * @stable ICU 2.0 / Locale(const Locale& other); /* * Move constructor; might leave source in bogus state. * This locale will have the same contents that the source locale had. * * @param other The Locale object being moved in. * @stable ICU 63 / Locale(Locale&& other) noexcept; /* * Destructor * @stable ICU 2.0 / virtual ~Locale() ; /* * Replaces the entire contents of this with the specified value. * @param other The Locale object being copied in. * @return this @stable ICU 2.0 / Locale& operator=(const Locale& other); /* * Move assignment operator; might leave source in bogus state. * This locale will have the same contents that the source locale had. * The behavior is undefined if this and the source are the same object. * @param other The Locale object being moved in. * @return this @stable ICU 63 / Locale& operator=(Locale&& other) noexcept; /* * Checks if two locale keys are the same. * * @param other The locale key object to be compared with this. * @return true if the two locale keys are the same, false otherwise. * @stable ICU 2.0 / bool operator==(const Locale& other) const; /* * Checks if two locale keys are not the same. * * @param other The locale key object to be compared with this. * @return true if the two locale keys are not the same, false * otherwise. * @stable ICU 2.0 / inline bool operator!=(const Locale& other) const; /* * Clone this object. * Clones can be used concurrently in multiple threads. * If an error occurs, then nullptr is returned. * The caller must delete the clone. * * @return a clone of this object * * @see getDynamicClassID * @stable ICU 2.8 / Locale clone() const; #ifndef U_HIDE_SYSTEM_API /** * Common methods of getting the current default Locale. Used for the * presentation: menus, dialogs, etc. Generally set once when your applet or * application is initialized, then never reset. (If you do reset the * default locale, you probably want to reload your GUI, so that the change * is reflected in your interface.) * * More advanced programs will allow users to use different locales for * different fields, e.g. in a spreadsheet. * * Note that the initial setting will match the host system. * @return a reference to the Locale object for the default locale ID * @system * @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getDefault(); /* * Sets the default. Normally set once at the beginning of a process, * then never reset. * setDefault() only changes ICU's default locale ID, <strong>not</strong> * the default locale ID of the runtime environment. * * @param newLocale Locale to set to. If nullptr, set to the value obtained * from the runtime environment. * @param success The error code. * @system * @stable ICU 2.0 / static void U_EXPORT2 setDefault(const Locale& newLocale, UErrorCode& success); #endif / U_HIDE_SYSTEM_API / /* * Returns a Locale for the specified BCP47 language tag string. * If the specified language tag contains any ill-formed subtags, * the first such subtag and all following subtags are ignored. * <p> * This implements the 'Language-Tag' production of BCP 47, and so * supports legacy language tags (marked as “Type: grandfathered” in BCP 47) * (regular and irregular) as well as private use language tags. * * Private use tags are represented as 'x-whatever', * and legacy tags are converted to their canonical replacements where they exist. * * Note that a few legacy tags have no modern replacement; * these will be converted using the fallback described in * the first paragraph, so some information might be lost. * * @param tag the input BCP47 language tag. * @param status error information if creating the Locale failed. * @return the Locale for the specified BCP47 language tag. * @stable ICU 63 / static Locale U_EXPORT2 forLanguageTag(StringPiece tag, UErrorCode& status); /* * Returns a well-formed language tag for this Locale. * <p> * <b>Note</b>: Any locale fields which do not satisfy the BCP47 syntax * requirement will be silently omitted from the result. * * If this function fails, partial output may have been written to the sink. * * @param sink the output sink receiving the BCP47 language * tag for this Locale. * @param status error information if creating the language tag failed. * @stable ICU 63 / void toLanguageTag(ByteSink& sink, UErrorCode& status) const; /* * Returns a well-formed language tag for this Locale. * <p> * <b>Note</b>: Any locale fields which do not satisfy the BCP47 syntax * requirement will be silently omitted from the result. * * @param status error information if creating the language tag failed. * @return the BCP47 language tag for this Locale. * @stable ICU 63 / template<typename StringClass> inline StringClass toLanguageTag(UErrorCode& status) const; /* * Creates a locale which has had minimal canonicalization * as per uloc_getName(). * @param name The name to create from. If name is null, * the default Locale is used. * @return new locale object * @stable ICU 2.0 * @see uloc_getName / static Locale U_EXPORT2 createFromName(const char name); #ifndef U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API /** @internal / static Locale U_EXPORT2 createFromName(StringPiece name); #endif / U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API / /* * Creates a locale from the given string after canonicalizing * the string according to CLDR by calling uloc_canonicalize(). * @param name the locale ID to create from. Must not be nullptr. * @return a new locale object corresponding to the given name * @stable ICU 3.0 * @see uloc_canonicalize / static Locale U_EXPORT2 createCanonical(const char name); /** * Returns the locale's ISO-639 language code. * @return An alias to the code * @stable ICU 2.0 / inline const char getLanguage( ) const; /** * Returns the locale's ISO-15924 abbreviation script code. * @return An alias to the code * @see uscript_getShortName * @see uscript_getCode * @stable ICU 2.8 / inline const char getScript( ) const; /** * Returns the locale's ISO-3166 country code. * @return An alias to the code * @stable ICU 2.0 / inline const char getCountry( ) const; /** * Returns the locale's variant code. * @return An alias to the code * @stable ICU 2.0 / inline const char getVariant( ) const; /** * Returns the programmatic name of the entire locale, with the language, * country and variant separated by underbars. If a field is missing, up * to two leading underbars will occur. Example: "en", "de_DE", "en_US_WIN", * "de__POSIX", "fr__MAC", "__MAC", "_MT", "_FR_EURO" * @return A pointer to "name". * @stable ICU 2.0 / inline const char getName() const; /** * Returns the programmatic name of the entire locale as getName() would return, * but without keywords. * @return A pointer to "name". * @see getName * @stable ICU 2.8 / const char getBaseName() const; /** * Add the likely subtags for this Locale, per the algorithm described * in the following CLDR technical report: * * http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/#Likely_Subtags * * If this Locale is already in the maximal form, or not valid, or there is * no data available for maximization, the Locale will be unchanged. * * For example, "sh" cannot be maximized, since there is no * reasonable maximization. * * Examples: * * "und_Zzzz" maximizes to "en_Latn_US" * * "en" maximizes to "en_Latn_US" * * "de" maximizes to "de_Latn_DE" * * "sr" maximizes to "sr_Cyrl_RS" * * "zh_Hani" maximizes to "zh_Hani_CN" * * @param status error information if maximizing this Locale failed. * If this Locale is not well-formed, the error code is * U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR. * @stable ICU 63 / void addLikelySubtags(UErrorCode& status); /* * Minimize the subtags for this Locale, per the algorithm described * in the following CLDR technical report: * * http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/#Likely_Subtags * * If this Locale is already in the minimal form, or not valid, or there is * no data available for minimization, the Locale will be unchanged. * * Since the minimization algorithm relies on proper maximization, see the * comments for addLikelySubtags for reasons why there might not be any * data. * * Examples: * * "en_Latn_US" minimizes to "en" * * "de_Latn_US" minimizes to "de" * * "sr_Cyrl_RS" minimizes to "sr" * * "zh_Hant_TW" minimizes to "zh_TW" (The region is preferred to the * script, and minimizing to "zh" would imply "zh_Hans_CN".) * * @param status error information if maximizing this Locale failed. * If this Locale is not well-formed, the error code is * U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR. * @stable ICU 63 / void minimizeSubtags(UErrorCode& status); /* * Canonicalize the locale ID of this object according to CLDR. * @param status the status code * @stable ICU 67 * @see createCanonical / void canonicalize(UErrorCode& status); /* * Gets the list of keywords for the specified locale. * * @param status the status code * @return pointer to StringEnumeration class, or nullptr if there are no keywords. * Client must dispose of it by calling delete. * @see getKeywords * @stable ICU 2.8 / StringEnumeration createKeywords(UErrorCode &status) const; /** * Gets the list of Unicode keywords for the specified locale. * * @param status the status code * @return pointer to StringEnumeration class, or nullptr if there are no keywords. * Client must dispose of it by calling delete. * @see getUnicodeKeywords * @stable ICU 63 / StringEnumeration createUnicodeKeywords(UErrorCode &status) const; /** * Gets the set of keywords for this Locale. * * A wrapper to call createKeywords() and write the resulting * keywords as standard strings (or compatible objects) into any kind of * container that can be written to by an STL style output iterator. * * @param iterator an STL style output iterator to write the keywords to. * @param status error information if creating set of keywords failed. * @stable ICU 63 / template<typename StringClass, typename OutputIterator> inline void getKeywords(OutputIterator iterator, UErrorCode& status) const; /* * Gets the set of Unicode keywords for this Locale. * * A wrapper to call createUnicodeKeywords() and write the resulting * keywords as standard strings (or compatible objects) into any kind of * container that can be written to by an STL style output iterator. * * @param iterator an STL style output iterator to write the keywords to. * @param status error information if creating set of keywords failed. * @stable ICU 63 / template<typename StringClass, typename OutputIterator> inline void getUnicodeKeywords(OutputIterator iterator, UErrorCode& status) const; /* * Gets the value for a keyword. * * This uses legacy keyword=value pairs, like "collation=phonebook". * * ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode * keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J). * * @param keywordName name of the keyword for which we want the value. Case insensitive. * @param buffer The buffer to receive the keyword value. * @param bufferCapacity The capacity of receiving buffer * @param status Returns any error information while performing this operation. * @return the length of the keyword value * * @stable ICU 2.8 / int32_t getKeywordValue(const char keywordName, char buffer, int32_t bufferCapacity, UErrorCode &status) const; /* * Gets the value for a keyword. * * This uses legacy keyword=value pairs, like "collation=phonebook". * * ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode * keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J). * * @param keywordName name of the keyword for which we want the value. * @param sink the sink to receive the keyword value. * @param status error information if getting the value failed. * @stable ICU 63 / void getKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, ByteSink& sink, UErrorCode& status) const; /* * Gets the value for a keyword. * * This uses legacy keyword=value pairs, like "collation=phonebook". * * ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode * keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J). * * @param keywordName name of the keyword for which we want the value. * @param status error information if getting the value failed. * @return the keyword value. * @stable ICU 63 / template<typename StringClass> inline StringClass getKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, UErrorCode& status) const; /* * Gets the Unicode value for a Unicode keyword. * * This uses Unicode key-value pairs, like "co-phonebk". * * ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode * keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J). * * @param keywordName name of the keyword for which we want the value. * @param sink the sink to receive the keyword value. * @param status error information if getting the value failed. * @stable ICU 63 / void getUnicodeKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, ByteSink& sink, UErrorCode& status) const; /* * Gets the Unicode value for a Unicode keyword. * * This uses Unicode key-value pairs, like "co-phonebk". * * ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode * keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J). * * @param keywordName name of the keyword for which we want the value. * @param status error information if getting the value failed. * @return the keyword value. * @stable ICU 63 / template<typename StringClass> inline StringClass getUnicodeKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, UErrorCode& status) const; /* * Sets or removes the value for a keyword. * * For removing all keywords, use getBaseName(), * and construct a new Locale if it differs from getName(). * * This uses legacy keyword=value pairs, like "collation=phonebook". * * ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode * keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J). * * @param keywordName name of the keyword to be set. Case insensitive. * @param keywordValue value of the keyword to be set. If 0-length or * nullptr, will result in the keyword being removed. No error is given if * that keyword does not exist. * @param status Returns any error information while performing this operation. * * @stable ICU 49 / void setKeywordValue(const char keywordName, const char* keywordValue, UErrorCode &status) { setKeywordValue(StringPiece{keywordName}, StringPiece{keywordValue}, status); } /** * Sets or removes the value for a keyword. * * For removing all keywords, use getBaseName(), * and construct a new Locale if it differs from getName(). * * This uses legacy keyword=value pairs, like "collation=phonebook". * * ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode * keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J). * * @param keywordName name of the keyword to be set. * @param keywordValue value of the keyword to be set. If 0-length or * nullptr, will result in the keyword being removed. No error is given if * that keyword does not exist. * @param status Returns any error information while performing this operation. * @stable ICU 63 / void setKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, StringPiece keywordValue, UErrorCode& status); /* * Sets or removes the Unicode value for a Unicode keyword. * * For removing all keywords, use getBaseName(), * and construct a new Locale if it differs from getName(). * * This uses Unicode key-value pairs, like "co-phonebk". * * ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode * keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J). * * @param keywordName name of the keyword to be set. * @param keywordValue value of the keyword to be set. If 0-length or * nullptr, will result in the keyword being removed. No error is given if * that keyword does not exist. * @param status Returns any error information while performing this operation. * @stable ICU 63 / void setUnicodeKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, StringPiece keywordValue, UErrorCode& status); /* * returns the locale's three-letter language code, as specified * in ISO draft standard ISO-639-2. * @return An alias to the code, or an empty string * @stable ICU 2.0 / const char getISO3Language() const; /** * Fills in "name" with the locale's three-letter ISO-3166 country code. * @return An alias to the code, or an empty string * @stable ICU 2.0 / const char getISO3Country() const; /** * Returns the Windows LCID value corresponding to this locale. * This value is stored in the resource data for the locale as a one-to-four-digit * hexadecimal number. If the resource is missing, in the wrong format, or * there is no Windows LCID value that corresponds to this locale, returns 0. * @stable ICU 2.0 / uint32_t getLCID() const; /* * Returns whether this locale's script is written right-to-left. * If there is no script subtag, then the likely script is used, see uloc_addLikelySubtags(). * If no likely script is known, then false is returned. * * A script is right-to-left according to the CLDR script metadata * which corresponds to whether the script's letters have Bidi_Class=R or AL. * * Returns true for "ar" and "en-Hebr", false for "zh" and "fa-Cyrl". * * @return true if the locale's script is written right-to-left * @stable ICU 54 / UBool isRightToLeft() const; /* * Fills in "dispLang" with the name of this locale's language in a format suitable for * user display in the default locale. For example, if the locale's language code is * "fr" and the default locale's language code is "en", this function would set * dispLang to "French". * @param dispLang Receives the language's display name. * @return A reference to "dispLang". * @stable ICU 2.0 / UnicodeString& getDisplayLanguage(UnicodeString& dispLang) const; /* * Fills in "dispLang" with the name of this locale's language in a format suitable for * user display in the locale specified by "displayLocale". For example, if the locale's * language code is "en" and displayLocale's language code is "fr", this function would set * dispLang to "Anglais". * @param displayLocale Specifies the locale to be used to display the name. In other words, * if the locale's language code is "en", passing Locale::getFrench() for * displayLocale would result in "Anglais", while passing Locale::getGerman() * for displayLocale would result in "Englisch". * @param dispLang Receives the language's display name. * @return A reference to "dispLang". * @stable ICU 2.0 / UnicodeString& getDisplayLanguage( const Locale& displayLocale, UnicodeString& dispLang) const; /* * Fills in "dispScript" with the name of this locale's script in a format suitable * for user display in the default locale. For example, if the locale's script code * is "LATN" and the default locale's language code is "en", this function would set * dispScript to "Latin". * @param dispScript Receives the scripts's display name. * @return A reference to "dispScript". * @stable ICU 2.8 / UnicodeString& getDisplayScript( UnicodeString& dispScript) const; /* * Fills in "dispScript" with the name of this locale's country in a format suitable * for user display in the locale specified by "displayLocale". For example, if the locale's * script code is "LATN" and displayLocale's language code is "en", this function would set * dispScript to "Latin". * @param displayLocale Specifies the locale to be used to display the name. In other * words, if the locale's script code is "LATN", passing * Locale::getFrench() for displayLocale would result in "", while * passing Locale::getGerman() for displayLocale would result in * "". * @param dispScript Receives the scripts's display name. * @return A reference to "dispScript". * @stable ICU 2.8 / UnicodeString& getDisplayScript( const Locale& displayLocale, UnicodeString& dispScript) const; /* * Fills in "dispCountry" with the name of this locale's country in a format suitable * for user display in the default locale. For example, if the locale's country code * is "FR" and the default locale's language code is "en", this function would set * dispCountry to "France". * @param dispCountry Receives the country's display name. * @return A reference to "dispCountry". * @stable ICU 2.0 / UnicodeString& getDisplayCountry( UnicodeString& dispCountry) const; /* * Fills in "dispCountry" with the name of this locale's country in a format suitable * for user display in the locale specified by "displayLocale". For example, if the locale's * country code is "US" and displayLocale's language code is "fr", this function would set * dispCountry to "États-Unis". * @param displayLocale Specifies the locale to be used to display the name. In other * words, if the locale's country code is "US", passing * Locale::getFrench() for displayLocale would result in "États-Unis", while * passing Locale::getGerman() for displayLocale would result in * "Vereinigte Staaten". * @param dispCountry Receives the country's display name. * @return A reference to "dispCountry". * @stable ICU 2.0 / UnicodeString& getDisplayCountry( const Locale& displayLocale, UnicodeString& dispCountry) const; /* * Fills in "dispVar" with the name of this locale's variant code in a format suitable * for user display in the default locale. * @param dispVar Receives the variant's name. * @return A reference to "dispVar". * @stable ICU 2.0 / UnicodeString& getDisplayVariant( UnicodeString& dispVar) const; /* * Fills in "dispVar" with the name of this locale's variant code in a format * suitable for user display in the locale specified by "displayLocale". * @param displayLocale Specifies the locale to be used to display the name. * @param dispVar Receives the variant's display name. * @return A reference to "dispVar". * @stable ICU 2.0 / UnicodeString& getDisplayVariant( const Locale& displayLocale, UnicodeString& dispVar) const; /* * Fills in "name" with the name of this locale in a format suitable for user display * in the default locale. This function uses getDisplayLanguage(), getDisplayCountry(), * and getDisplayVariant() to do its work, and outputs the display name in the format * "language (country[,variant])". For example, if the default locale is en_US, then * fr_FR's display name would be "French (France)", and es_MX_Traditional's display name * would be "Spanish (Mexico,Traditional)". * @param name Receives the locale's display name. * @return A reference to "name". * @stable ICU 2.0 / UnicodeString& getDisplayName( UnicodeString& name) const; /* * Fills in "name" with the name of this locale in a format suitable for user display * in the locale specified by "displayLocale". This function uses getDisplayLanguage(), * getDisplayCountry(), and getDisplayVariant() to do its work, and outputs the display * name in the format "language (country[,variant])". For example, if displayLocale is * fr_FR, then en_US's display name would be "Anglais (États-Unis)", and no_NO_NY's * display name would be "norvégien (Norvège,NY)". * @param displayLocale Specifies the locale to be used to display the name. * @param name Receives the locale's display name. * @return A reference to "name". * @stable ICU 2.0 / UnicodeString& getDisplayName( const Locale& displayLocale, UnicodeString& name) const; /* * Generates a hash code for the locale. * @stable ICU 2.0 / int32_t hashCode() const; /* * Sets the locale to bogus * A bogus locale represents a non-existing locale associated * with services that can be instantiated from non-locale data * in addition to locale (for example, collation can be * instantiated from a locale and from a rule set). * @stable ICU 2.1 / void setToBogus(); /* * Gets the bogus state. Locale object can be bogus if it doesn't exist * @return false if it is a real locale, true if it is a bogus locale * @stable ICU 2.1 / inline UBool isBogus() const; /* * Returns a list of all installed locales. * @param count Receives the number of locales in the list. * @return A pointer to an array of Locale objects. This array is the list * of all locales with installed resource files. The called does NOT * get ownership of this list, and must NOT delete it. * @stable ICU 2.0 / static const Locale U_EXPORT2 getAvailableLocales(int32_t& count); /** * Gets a list of all available 2-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166. This is a * pointer to an array of pointers to arrays of char. All of these pointers are * owned by ICU-- do not delete them, and do not write through them. The array is * terminated with a null pointer. * @return a list of all available country codes * @stable ICU 2.0 / static const char const* U_EXPORT2 getISOCountries(); /** * Returns a list of all unique language codes defined in ISO 639. * They can be 2 or 3 letter codes, as defined by * <a href="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.html#section-2.2.1"> * BCP 47, section 2.2.1</a>. This is a pointer * to an array of pointers to arrays of char. All of these pointers are owned * by ICU-- do not delete them, and do not write through them. The array is * terminated with a null pointer. * @return a list of all available language codes * @stable ICU 2.0 / static const char const* U_EXPORT2 getISOLanguages(); /** * ICU "poor man's RTTI", returns a UClassID for this class. * * @stable ICU 2.2 / static UClassID U_EXPORT2 getStaticClassID(); /* * ICU "poor man's RTTI", returns a UClassID for the actual class. * * @stable ICU 2.2 / virtual UClassID getDynamicClassID() const override; /* * A Locale iterator interface similar to a Java Iterator<Locale>. * @stable ICU 65 / class U_COMMON_API Iterator / not : public UObject because this is an interface/mixin class / { public: /* @stable ICU 65 / virtual ~Iterator(); /* * @return true if next() can be called again. * @stable ICU 65 / virtual UBool hasNext() const = 0; /* * @return the next locale. * @stable ICU 65 / virtual const Locale &next() = 0; }; /* * A generic Locale iterator implementation over Locale input iterators. * @stable ICU 65 / template<typename Iter> class RangeIterator : public Iterator, public UMemory { public: /* * Constructs an iterator from a begin/end range. * Each of the iterator parameter values must be an * input iterator whose value is convertible to const Locale &. * * @param begin Start of range. * @param end Exclusive end of range. * @stable ICU 65 / RangeIterator(Iter begin, Iter end) : it_(begin), end_(end) {} /* * @return true if next() can be called again. * @stable ICU 65 / UBool hasNext() const override { return it_ != end_; } /* * @return the next locale. * @stable ICU 65 / const Locale &next() override { return it_++; } private: Iter it_; const Iter end_; }; /** * A generic Locale iterator implementation over Locale input iterators. * Calls the converter to convert each begin to a const Locale &. @stable ICU 65 / template<typename Iter, typename Conv> class ConvertingIterator : public Iterator, public UMemory { public: /* * Constructs an iterator from a begin/end range. * Each of the iterator parameter values must be an * input iterator whose value the converter converts to const Locale &. * * @param begin Start of range. * @param end Exclusive end of range. * @param converter Converter from begin to const Locale & or compatible. @stable ICU 65 / ConvertingIterator(Iter begin, Iter end, Conv converter) : it_(begin), end_(end), converter_(converter) {} /* * @return true if next() can be called again. * @stable ICU 65 / UBool hasNext() const override { return it_ != end_; } /* * @return the next locale. * @stable ICU 65 / const Locale &next() override { return converter_(it_++); } private: Iter it_; const Iter end_; Conv converter_; }; protected: /* only protected for testing purposes. DO NOT USE. / #ifndef U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API /* * Set this from a single POSIX style locale string. * @internal / void setFromPOSIXID(const char posixID); /** * Minimize the subtags for this Locale, per the algorithm described * @param favorScript favor to keep script if true, to keep region if false. * @param status error information if maximizing this Locale failed. * If this Locale is not well-formed, the error code is * U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR. * @internal / void minimizeSubtags(bool favorScript, UErrorCode& status); #endif / U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API / private: /* * Initialize the locale object with a new name. * Was deprecated - used in implementation - moved internal * * @param cLocaleID The new locale name. * @param canonicalize whether to call uloc_canonicalize on cLocaleID / Locale& init(const char localeID, UBool canonicalize); /** @internal / Locale& init(StringPiece localeID, UBool canonicalize); / * Internal constructor to allow construction of a locale object with * NO side effects. (Default constructor tries to get * the default locale.) / enum ELocaleType { eBOGUS }; Locale(ELocaleType); /* * Initialize the locale cache for commonly used locales / static Locale getLocaleCache(); char language[ULOC_LANG_CAPACITY]; char script[ULOC_SCRIPT_CAPACITY]; char country[ULOC_COUNTRY_CAPACITY]; int32_t variantBegin; char* fullName; char fullNameBuffer[ULOC_FULLNAME_CAPACITY]; // name without keywords char* baseName; void initBaseName(UErrorCode& status); UBool fIsBogus; static const Locale &getLocale(int locid); /** * A friend to allow the default locale to be set by either the C or C++ API. * @internal (private) / friend Locale locale_set_default_internal(const char , UErrorCode& status); /* * @internal (private) / friend void U_CALLCONV locale_available_init(); }; inline bool Locale::operator!=(const Locale& other) const { return !operator==(other); } template<typename StringClass> inline StringClass Locale::toLanguageTag(UErrorCode& status) const { if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return {}; } StringClass result; StringByteSink<StringClass> sink(&result); toLanguageTag(sink, status); return result; } inline const char Locale::getCountry() const { return country; } inline const char * Locale::getLanguage() const { return language; } inline const char * Locale::getScript() const { return script; } inline const char * Locale::getVariant() const { return fIsBogus ? "" : &baseName[variantBegin]; } inline const char * Locale::getName() const { return fullName; } template<typename StringClass, typename OutputIterator> inline void Locale::getKeywords(OutputIterator iterator, UErrorCode& status) const { if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return; } LocalPointer<StringEnumeration> keys(createKeywords(status)); if (U_FAILURE(status) \|\| keys.isNull()) { return; } for (;;) { int32_t resultLength; const char* buffer = keys->next(&resultLength, status); if (U_FAILURE(status) \|\| buffer == nullptr) { return; } iterator++ = StringClass(buffer, resultLength); } } template<typename StringClass, typename OutputIterator> inline void Locale::getUnicodeKeywords(OutputIterator iterator, UErrorCode& status) const { if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return; } LocalPointer<StringEnumeration> keys(createUnicodeKeywords(status)); if (U_FAILURE(status) \|\| keys.isNull()) { return; } for (;;) { int32_t resultLength; const char buffer = keys->next(&resultLength, status); if (U_FAILURE(status) \|\| buffer == nullptr) { return; } iterator++ = StringClass(buffer, resultLength); } } template<typename StringClass> inline StringClass Locale::getKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, UErrorCode& status) const { if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return {}; } StringClass result; StringByteSink<StringClass> sink(&result); getKeywordValue(keywordName, sink, status); return result; } template<typename StringClass> inline StringClass Locale::getUnicodeKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, UErrorCode& status) const { if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return {}; } StringClass result; StringByteSink<StringClass> sink(&result); getUnicodeKeywordValue(keywordName, sink, status); return result; } inline UBool Locale::isBogus() const { return fIsBogus; } U_NAMESPACE_END #endif / U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API */ #endif Back

Edit File : locid.h | Size : 48.62 KB

// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
// License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
/*
******************************************************************************
*
*   Copyright (C) 1996-2015, International Business Machines
*   Corporation and others.  All Rights Reserved.
*
******************************************************************************
*
* File locid.h
*
* Created by: Helena Shih
*
* Modification History:
*
*   Date        Name        Description
*   02/11/97    aliu        Changed gLocPath to fgLocPath and added methods to
*                           get and set it.
*   04/02/97    aliu        Made operator!= inline; fixed return value of getName().
*   04/15/97    aliu        Cleanup for AIX/Win32.
*   04/24/97    aliu        Numerous changes per code review.
*   08/18/98    stephen     Added tokenizeString(),changed getDisplayName()
*   09/08/98    stephen     Moved definition of kEmptyString for Mac Port
*   11/09/99    weiv        Added const char * getName() const;
*   04/12/00    srl         removing unicodestring api's and cached hash code
*   08/10/01    grhoten     Change the static Locales to accessor functions
******************************************************************************
*/

#ifndef LOCID_H
#define LOCID_H

#include "unicode/utypes.h"

#if U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API

#include "unicode/bytestream.h"
#include "unicode/localpointer.h"
#include "unicode/strenum.h"
#include "unicode/stringpiece.h"
#include "unicode/uobject.h"
#include "unicode/putil.h"
#include "unicode/uloc.h"

/**
 * \file
 * \brief C++ API: Locale ID object.
 */

U_NAMESPACE_BEGIN

// Forward Declarations
void U_CALLCONV locale_available_init(); /**< @internal */

class StringEnumeration;
class UnicodeString;

/**
 * A <code>Locale</code> object represents a specific geographical, political,
 * or cultural region. An operation that requires a <code>Locale</code> to perform
 * its task is called locale-sensitive and uses the <code>Locale</code>
 * to tailor information for the user. For example, displaying a number
 * is a locale-sensitive operation--the number should be formatted
 * according to the customs/conventions of the user's native country,
 * region, or culture.
 *
 * The Locale class is not suitable for subclassing.
 *
 * 
 * You can create a <code>Locale</code> object using the constructor in
 * this class:
 * \htmlonly<blockquote>\endhtmlonly
 * <pre>
 * Locale( const char* language,
 * const char* country,
 * const char* variant);
 * </pre>
 * \htmlonly</blockquote>\endhtmlonly
 * The first argument to the constructors is a valid ISO
 * Language Code. These codes are the lower-case two-letter
 * codes as defined by ISO-639.
 * You can find a full list of these codes at:
 * <a href ="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/">
 * http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/</a>
 *
 * 
 * The second argument to the constructors is a valid ISO Country
 * Code. These codes are the upper-case two-letter codes
 * as defined by ISO-3166.
 * You can find a full list of these codes at a number of sites, such as:
 * <a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html">
 * http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html</a>
 *
 * 
 * The third constructor requires a third argument--the Variant.
 * The Variant codes are vendor and browser-specific.
 * For example, use REVISED for a language's revised script orthography, and POSIX for POSIX.
 * Where there are two variants, separate them with an underscore, and
 * put the most important one first. For
 * example, a Traditional Spanish collation might be referenced, with
 * "ES", "ES", "Traditional_POSIX".
 *
 * 
 * Because a <code>Locale</code> object is just an identifier for a region,
 * no validity check is performed when you construct a <code>Locale</code>.
 * If you want to see whether particular resources are available for the
 * <code>Locale</code> you construct, you must query those resources. For
 * example, ask the <code>NumberFormat</code> for the locales it supports
 * using its <code>getAvailableLocales</code> method.
 * Note: When you ask for a resource for a particular
 * locale, you get back the best available match, not necessarily
 * precisely what you asked for. For more information, look at
 * <code>ResourceBundle</code>.
 *
 * 
 * The <code>Locale</code> class provides a number of convenient constants
 * that you can use to create <code>Locale</code> objects for commonly used
 * locales. For example, the following refers to a <code>Locale</code> object
 * for the United States:
 * \htmlonly<blockquote>\endhtmlonly
 * <pre>
 * Locale::getUS()
 * </pre>
 * \htmlonly</blockquote>\endhtmlonly
 *
 * 
 * Once you've created a <code>Locale</code> you can query it for information about
 * itself. Use <code>getCountry</code> to get the ISO Country Code and
 * <code>getLanguage</code> to get the ISO Language Code. You can
 * use <code>getDisplayCountry</code> to get the
 * name of the country suitable for displaying to the user. Similarly,
 * you can use <code>getDisplayLanguage</code> to get the name of
 * the language suitable for displaying to the user. Interestingly,
 * the <code>getDisplayXXX</code> methods are themselves locale-sensitive
 * and have two versions: one that uses the default locale and one
 * that takes a locale as an argument and displays the name or country in
 * a language appropriate to that locale.
 *
 * 
 * ICU provides a number of classes that perform locale-sensitive
 * operations. For example, the <code>NumberFormat</code> class formats
 * numbers, currency, or percentages in a locale-sensitive manner. Classes
 * such as <code>NumberFormat</code> have a number of convenience methods
 * for creating a default object of that type. For example, the
 * <code>NumberFormat</code> class provides these three convenience methods
 * for creating a default <code>NumberFormat</code> object:
 * \htmlonly<blockquote>\endhtmlonly
 * <pre>
 * UErrorCode success = U_ZERO_ERROR;
 * Locale myLocale;
 * NumberFormat *nf;
 *
 * nf = NumberFormat::createInstance( success ); delete nf;
 * nf = NumberFormat::createCurrencyInstance( success ); delete nf;
 * nf = NumberFormat::createPercentInstance( success ); delete nf;
 * </pre>
 * \htmlonly</blockquote>\endhtmlonly
 * Each of these methods has two variants; one with an explicit locale
 * and one without; the latter using the default locale.
 * \htmlonly<blockquote>\endhtmlonly
 * <pre>
 * nf = NumberFormat::createInstance( myLocale, success ); delete nf;
 * nf = NumberFormat::createCurrencyInstance( myLocale, success ); delete nf;
 * nf = NumberFormat::createPercentInstance( myLocale, success ); delete nf;
 * </pre>
 * \htmlonly</blockquote>\endhtmlonly
 * A <code>Locale</code> is the mechanism for identifying the kind of object
 * (<code>NumberFormat</code>) that you would like to get. The locale is
 * just a mechanism for identifying objects,
 * not a container for the objects themselves.
 *
 * 
 * Each class that performs locale-sensitive operations allows you
 * to get all the available objects of that type. You can sift
 * through these objects by language, country, or variant,
 * and use the display names to present a menu to the user.
 * For example, you can create a menu of all the collation objects
 * suitable for a given language. Such classes implement these
 * three class methods:
 * \htmlonly<blockquote>\endhtmlonly
 * <pre>
 * static Locale* getAvailableLocales(int32_t& numLocales)
 * static UnicodeString& getDisplayName(const Locale& objectLocale,
 * const Locale& displayLocale,
 * UnicodeString& displayName)
 * static UnicodeString& getDisplayName(const Locale& objectLocale,
 * UnicodeString& displayName)
 * </pre>
 * \htmlonly</blockquote>\endhtmlonly
 *
 * @stable ICU 2.0
 * @see ResourceBundle
 */
class U_COMMON_API Locale : public UObject {
public:
 /** Useful constant for the Root locale. @stable ICU 4.4 */
 static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getRoot();
 /** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
 static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getEnglish();
 /** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
 static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getFrench();
 /** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
 static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getGerman();
 /** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
 static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getItalian();
 /** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
 static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getJapanese();
 /** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
 static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getKorean();
 /** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
 static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getChinese();
 /** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
 static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getSimplifiedChinese();
 /** Useful constant for this language. @stable ICU 2.0 */
 static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getTraditionalChinese();

/** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
    static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getFrance();
    /** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
    static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getGermany();
    /** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
    static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getItaly();
    /** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
    static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getJapan();
    /** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
    static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getKorea();
    /** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
    static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getChina();
    /** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
    static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getPRC();
    /** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
    static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getTaiwan();
    /** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
    static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getUK();
    /** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
    static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getUS();
    /** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
    static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getCanada();
    /** Useful constant for this country/region. @stable ICU 2.0 */
    static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getCanadaFrench();

/**
     * Construct a default locale object, a Locale for the default locale ID.
     *
     * @see getDefault
     * @see uloc_getDefault
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    Locale();

/**
     * Construct a locale from language, country, variant.
     * If an error occurs, then the constructed object will be "bogus"
     * (isBogus() will return true).
     *
     * @param language Lowercase two-letter or three-letter ISO-639 code.
     *  This parameter can instead be an ICU style C locale (e.g. "en_US"),
     *  but the other parameters must not be used.
     *  This parameter can be nullptr; if so,
     *  the locale is initialized to match the current default locale.
     *  (This is the same as using the default constructor.)
     *  Please note: The Java Locale class does NOT accept the form
     *  'new Locale("en_US")' but only 'new Locale("en","US")'
     *
     * @param country  Uppercase two-letter ISO-3166 code. (optional)
     * @param variant  Uppercase vendor and browser specific code. See class
     *                 description. (optional)
     * @param keywordsAndValues A string consisting of keyword/values pairs, such as
     *                 "collation=phonebook;currency=euro"
     *
     * @see getDefault
     * @see uloc_getDefault
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    Locale(const char* language,
           const char* country = nullptr,
           const char* variant = nullptr,
           const char* keywordsAndValues = nullptr);

/**
     * Initializes a Locale object from another Locale object.
     *
     * @param other The Locale object being copied in.
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    Locale(const    Locale& other);

/**
     * Move constructor; might leave source in bogus state.
     * This locale will have the same contents that the source locale had.
     *
     * @param other The Locale object being moved in.
     * @stable ICU 63
     */
    Locale(Locale&& other) noexcept;

/**
     * Destructor
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    virtual ~Locale() ;

/**
     * Replaces the entire contents of *this with the specified value.
     *
     * @param other The Locale object being copied in.
     * @return      *this
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    Locale& operator=(const Locale& other);

/**
     * Move assignment operator; might leave source in bogus state.
     * This locale will have the same contents that the source locale had.
     * The behavior is undefined if *this and the source are the same object.
     *
     * @param other The Locale object being moved in.
     * @return      *this
     * @stable ICU 63
     */
    Locale& operator=(Locale&& other) noexcept;

/**
     * Checks if two locale keys are the same.
     *
     * @param other The locale key object to be compared with this.
     * @return      true if the two locale keys are the same, false otherwise.
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    bool    operator==(const    Locale&     other) const;

/**
     * Checks if two locale keys are not the same.
     *
     * @param other The locale key object to be compared with this.
     * @return      true if the two locale keys are not the same, false
     *              otherwise.
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    inline bool    operator!=(const    Locale&     other) const;

/**
     * Clone this object.
     * Clones can be used concurrently in multiple threads.
     * If an error occurs, then nullptr is returned.
     * The caller must delete the clone.
     *
     * @return a clone of this object
     *
     * @see getDynamicClassID
     * @stable ICU 2.8
     */
    Locale *clone() const;

#ifndef U_HIDE_SYSTEM_API
    /**
     * Common methods of getting the current default Locale. Used for the
     * presentation: menus, dialogs, etc. Generally set once when your applet or
     * application is initialized, then never reset. (If you do reset the
     * default locale, you probably want to reload your GUI, so that the change
     * is reflected in your interface.)
     *
     * More advanced programs will allow users to use different locales for
     * different fields, e.g. in a spreadsheet.
     *
     * Note that the initial setting will match the host system.
     * @return a reference to the Locale object for the default locale ID
     * @system
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    static const Locale& U_EXPORT2 getDefault();

/**
 * Sets the default. Normally set once at the beginning of a process,
 * then never reset.
 * setDefault() only changes ICU's default locale ID, not
 * the default locale ID of the runtime environment.
 *
 * @param newLocale Locale to set to. If nullptr, set to the value obtained
 * from the runtime environment.
 * @param success The error code.
 * @system
 * @stable ICU 2.0
 */
 static void U_EXPORT2 setDefault(const Locale& newLocale,
 UErrorCode& success);
#endif /* U_HIDE_SYSTEM_API */

/**
 * Returns a Locale for the specified BCP47 language tag string.
 * If the specified language tag contains any ill-formed subtags,
 * the first such subtag and all following subtags are ignored.
 * 
 * This implements the 'Language-Tag' production of BCP 47, and so
 * supports legacy language tags (marked as “Type: grandfathered” in BCP 47)
 * (regular and irregular) as well as private use language tags.
 *
 * Private use tags are represented as 'x-whatever',
 * and legacy tags are converted to their canonical replacements where they exist.
 *
 * Note that a few legacy tags have no modern replacement;
 * these will be converted using the fallback described in
 * the first paragraph, so some information might be lost.
 *
 * @param tag the input BCP47 language tag.
 * @param status error information if creating the Locale failed.
 * @return the Locale for the specified BCP47 language tag.
 * @stable ICU 63
 */
 static Locale U_EXPORT2 forLanguageTag(StringPiece tag, UErrorCode& status);

/**
 * Returns a well-formed language tag for this Locale.
 * 
 * Note: Any locale fields which do not satisfy the BCP47 syntax
 * requirement will be silently omitted from the result.
 *
 * If this function fails, partial output may have been written to the sink.
 *
 * @param sink the output sink receiving the BCP47 language
 * tag for this Locale.
 * @param status error information if creating the language tag failed.
 * @stable ICU 63
 */
 void toLanguageTag(ByteSink& sink, UErrorCode& status) const;

/**
 * Returns a well-formed language tag for this Locale.
 * 
 * Note: Any locale fields which do not satisfy the BCP47 syntax
 * requirement will be silently omitted from the result.
 *
 * @param status error information if creating the language tag failed.
 * @return the BCP47 language tag for this Locale.
 * @stable ICU 63
 */
 template<typename StringClass>
 inline StringClass toLanguageTag(UErrorCode& status) const;

/**
     * Creates a locale which has had minimal canonicalization
     * as per uloc_getName().
     * @param name The name to create from.  If name is null,
     *  the default Locale is used.
     * @return new locale object
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     * @see uloc_getName
     */
    static Locale U_EXPORT2 createFromName(const char *name);

#ifndef U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API
    /** @internal */
    static Locale U_EXPORT2 createFromName(StringPiece name);
#endif  /* U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API */

/**
     * Creates a locale from the given string after canonicalizing
     * the string according to CLDR by calling uloc_canonicalize().
     * @param name the locale ID to create from.  Must not be nullptr.
     * @return a new locale object corresponding to the given name
     * @stable ICU 3.0
     * @see uloc_canonicalize
     */
    static Locale U_EXPORT2 createCanonical(const char* name);

/**
     * Returns the locale's ISO-639 language code.
     * @return      An alias to the code
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    inline const char *  getLanguage( ) const;

/**
     * Returns the locale's ISO-15924 abbreviation script code.
     * @return      An alias to the code
     * @see uscript_getShortName
     * @see uscript_getCode
     * @stable ICU 2.8
     */
    inline const char *  getScript( ) const;

/**
     * Returns the locale's ISO-3166 country code.
     * @return      An alias to the code
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    inline const char *  getCountry( ) const;

/**
     * Returns the locale's variant code.
     * @return      An alias to the code
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    inline const char *  getVariant( ) const;

/**
     * Returns the programmatic name of the entire locale, with the language,
     * country and variant separated by underbars. If a field is missing, up
     * to two leading underbars will occur. Example: "en", "de_DE", "en_US_WIN",
     * "de__POSIX", "fr__MAC", "__MAC", "_MT", "_FR_EURO"
     * @return      A pointer to "name".
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    inline const char * getName() const;

/**
     * Returns the programmatic name of the entire locale as getName() would return,
     * but without keywords.
     * @return      A pointer to "name".
     * @see getName
     * @stable ICU 2.8
     */
    const char * getBaseName() const;

/**
     * Add the likely subtags for this Locale, per the algorithm described
     * in the following CLDR technical report:
     *
     *   http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/#Likely_Subtags
     *
     * If this Locale is already in the maximal form, or not valid, or there is
     * no data available for maximization, the Locale will be unchanged.
     *
     * For example, "sh" cannot be maximized, since there is no
     * reasonable maximization.
     *
     * Examples:
     *
     * "und_Zzzz" maximizes to "en_Latn_US"
     *
     * "en" maximizes to "en_Latn_US"
     *
     * "de" maximizes to "de_Latn_DE"
     *
     * "sr" maximizes to "sr_Cyrl_RS"
     *
     * "zh_Hani" maximizes to "zh_Hani_CN"
     *
     * @param status  error information if maximizing this Locale failed.
     *                If this Locale is not well-formed, the error code is
     *                U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR.
     * @stable ICU 63
     */
    void addLikelySubtags(UErrorCode& status);

/**
     * Minimize the subtags for this Locale, per the algorithm described
     * in the following CLDR technical report:
     *
     *   http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/#Likely_Subtags
     *
     * If this Locale is already in the minimal form, or not valid, or there is
     * no data available for minimization, the Locale will be unchanged.
     *
     * Since the minimization algorithm relies on proper maximization, see the
     * comments for addLikelySubtags for reasons why there might not be any
     * data.
     *
     * Examples:
     *
     * "en_Latn_US" minimizes to "en"
     *
     * "de_Latn_US" minimizes to "de"
     *
     * "sr_Cyrl_RS" minimizes to "sr"
     *
     * "zh_Hant_TW" minimizes to "zh_TW" (The region is preferred to the
     * script, and minimizing to "zh" would imply "zh_Hans_CN".)
     *
     * @param status  error information if maximizing this Locale failed.
     *                If this Locale is not well-formed, the error code is
     *                U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR.
     * @stable ICU 63
     */
    void minimizeSubtags(UErrorCode& status);

/**
     * Canonicalize the locale ID of this object according to CLDR.
     * @param status the status code
     * @stable ICU 67
     * @see createCanonical
     */
    void canonicalize(UErrorCode& status);

/**
     * Gets the list of keywords for the specified locale.
     *
     * @param status the status code
     * @return pointer to StringEnumeration class, or nullptr if there are no keywords.
     * Client must dispose of it by calling delete.
     * @see getKeywords
     * @stable ICU 2.8
     */
    StringEnumeration * createKeywords(UErrorCode &status) const;

/**
     * Gets the list of Unicode keywords for the specified locale.
     *
     * @param status the status code
     * @return pointer to StringEnumeration class, or nullptr if there are no keywords.
     * Client must dispose of it by calling delete.
     * @see getUnicodeKeywords
     * @stable ICU 63
     */
    StringEnumeration * createUnicodeKeywords(UErrorCode &status) const;

/**
 * Gets the set of keywords for this Locale.
 *
 * A wrapper to call createKeywords() and write the resulting
 * keywords as standard strings (or compatible objects) into any kind of
 * container that can be written to by an STL style output iterator.
 *
 * @param iterator an STL style output iterator to write the keywords to.
 * @param status error information if creating set of keywords failed.
 * @stable ICU 63
 */
 template<typename StringClass, typename OutputIterator>
 inline void getKeywords(OutputIterator iterator, UErrorCode& status) const;

/**
 * Gets the set of Unicode keywords for this Locale.
 *
 * A wrapper to call createUnicodeKeywords() and write the resulting
 * keywords as standard strings (or compatible objects) into any kind of
 * container that can be written to by an STL style output iterator.
 *
 * @param iterator an STL style output iterator to write the keywords to.
 * @param status error information if creating set of keywords failed.
 * @stable ICU 63
 */
 template<typename StringClass, typename OutputIterator>
 inline void getUnicodeKeywords(OutputIterator iterator, UErrorCode& status) const;

/**
     * Gets the value for a keyword.
     *
     * This uses legacy keyword=value pairs, like "collation=phonebook".
     *
     * ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode
     * keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J).
     *
     * @param keywordName name of the keyword for which we want the value. Case insensitive.
     * @param buffer The buffer to receive the keyword value.
     * @param bufferCapacity The capacity of receiving buffer
     * @param status Returns any error information while performing this operation.
     * @return the length of the keyword value
     *
     * @stable ICU 2.8
     */
    int32_t getKeywordValue(const char* keywordName, char *buffer, int32_t bufferCapacity, UErrorCode &status) const;

/**
     * Gets the value for a keyword.
     *
     * This uses legacy keyword=value pairs, like "collation=phonebook".
     *
     * ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode
     * keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J).
     *
     * @param keywordName  name of the keyword for which we want the value.
     * @param sink         the sink to receive the keyword value.
     * @param status       error information if getting the value failed.
     * @stable ICU 63
     */
    void getKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, ByteSink& sink, UErrorCode& status) const;

/**
 * Gets the value for a keyword.
 *
 * This uses legacy keyword=value pairs, like "collation=phonebook".
 *
 * ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode
 * keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J).
 *
 * @param keywordName name of the keyword for which we want the value.
 * @param status error information if getting the value failed.
 * @return the keyword value.
 * @stable ICU 63
 */
 template<typename StringClass>
 inline StringClass getKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, UErrorCode& status) const;

/**
     * Gets the Unicode value for a Unicode keyword.
     *
     * This uses Unicode key-value pairs, like "co-phonebk".
     *
     * ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode
     * keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J).
     *
     * @param keywordName  name of the keyword for which we want the value.
     * @param sink         the sink to receive the keyword value.
     * @param status       error information if getting the value failed.
     * @stable ICU 63
     */
    void getUnicodeKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, ByteSink& sink, UErrorCode& status) const;

/**
 * Gets the Unicode value for a Unicode keyword.
 *
 * This uses Unicode key-value pairs, like "co-phonebk".
 *
 * ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode
 * keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J).
 *
 * @param keywordName name of the keyword for which we want the value.
 * @param status error information if getting the value failed.
 * @return the keyword value.
 * @stable ICU 63
 */
 template<typename StringClass>
 inline StringClass getUnicodeKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, UErrorCode& status) const;

/**
     * Sets or removes the value for a keyword.
     *
     * For removing all keywords, use getBaseName(),
     * and construct a new Locale if it differs from getName().
     *
     * This uses legacy keyword=value pairs, like "collation=phonebook".
     *
     * ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode
     * keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J).
     *
     * @param keywordName name of the keyword to be set. Case insensitive.
     * @param keywordValue value of the keyword to be set. If 0-length or
     *  nullptr, will result in the keyword being removed. No error is given if
     *  that keyword does not exist.
     * @param status Returns any error information while performing this operation.
     *
     * @stable ICU 49
     */
    void setKeywordValue(const char* keywordName, const char* keywordValue, UErrorCode &status) {
        setKeywordValue(StringPiece{keywordName}, StringPiece{keywordValue}, status);
    }

/**
     * Sets or removes the value for a keyword.
     *
     * For removing all keywords, use getBaseName(),
     * and construct a new Locale if it differs from getName().
     *
     * This uses legacy keyword=value pairs, like "collation=phonebook".
     *
     * ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode
     * keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J).
     *
     * @param keywordName name of the keyword to be set.
     * @param keywordValue value of the keyword to be set. If 0-length or
     *  nullptr, will result in the keyword being removed. No error is given if
     *  that keyword does not exist.
     * @param status Returns any error information while performing this operation.
     * @stable ICU 63
     */
    void setKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, StringPiece keywordValue, UErrorCode& status);

/**
     * Sets or removes the Unicode value for a Unicode keyword.
     *
     * For removing all keywords, use getBaseName(),
     * and construct a new Locale if it differs from getName().
     *
     * This uses Unicode key-value pairs, like "co-phonebk".
     *
     * ICU4C doesn't do automatic conversion between legacy and Unicode
     * keywords and values in getters and setters (as opposed to ICU4J).
     *
     * @param keywordName name of the keyword to be set.
     * @param keywordValue value of the keyword to be set. If 0-length or
     *  nullptr, will result in the keyword being removed. No error is given if
     *  that keyword does not exist.
     * @param status Returns any error information while performing this operation.
     * @stable ICU 63
     */
    void setUnicodeKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, StringPiece keywordValue, UErrorCode& status);

/**
     * returns the locale's three-letter language code, as specified
     * in ISO draft standard ISO-639-2.
     * @return      An alias to the code, or an empty string
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    const char * getISO3Language() const;

/**
     * Fills in "name" with the locale's three-letter ISO-3166 country code.
     * @return      An alias to the code, or an empty string
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    const char * getISO3Country() const;

/**
     * Returns the Windows LCID value corresponding to this locale.
     * This value is stored in the resource data for the locale as a one-to-four-digit
     * hexadecimal number.  If the resource is missing, in the wrong format, or
     * there is no Windows LCID value that corresponds to this locale, returns 0.
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    uint32_t getLCID() const;

/**
     * Returns whether this locale's script is written right-to-left.
     * If there is no script subtag, then the likely script is used, see uloc_addLikelySubtags().
     * If no likely script is known, then false is returned.
     *
     * A script is right-to-left according to the CLDR script metadata
     * which corresponds to whether the script's letters have Bidi_Class=R or AL.
     *
     * Returns true for "ar" and "en-Hebr", false for "zh" and "fa-Cyrl".
     *
     * @return true if the locale's script is written right-to-left
     * @stable ICU 54
     */
    UBool isRightToLeft() const;

/**
     * Fills in "dispLang" with the name of this locale's language in a format suitable for
     * user display in the default locale.  For example, if the locale's language code is
     * "fr" and the default locale's language code is "en", this function would set
     * dispLang to "French".
     * @param dispLang  Receives the language's display name.
     * @return          A reference to "dispLang".
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    UnicodeString&  getDisplayLanguage(UnicodeString&   dispLang) const;

/**
     * Fills in "dispLang" with the name of this locale's language in a format suitable for
     * user display in the locale specified by "displayLocale".  For example, if the locale's
     * language code is "en" and displayLocale's language code is "fr", this function would set
     * dispLang to "Anglais".
     * @param displayLocale  Specifies the locale to be used to display the name.  In other words,
     *                  if the locale's language code is "en", passing Locale::getFrench() for
     *                  displayLocale would result in "Anglais", while passing Locale::getGerman()
     *                  for displayLocale would result in "Englisch".
     * @param dispLang  Receives the language's display name.
     * @return          A reference to "dispLang".
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    UnicodeString&  getDisplayLanguage( const   Locale&         displayLocale,
                                                UnicodeString&  dispLang) const;

/**
     * Fills in "dispScript" with the name of this locale's script in a format suitable
     * for user display in the default locale.  For example, if the locale's script code
     * is "LATN" and the default locale's language code is "en", this function would set
     * dispScript to "Latin".
     * @param dispScript    Receives the scripts's display name.
     * @return              A reference to "dispScript".
     * @stable ICU 2.8
     */
    UnicodeString&  getDisplayScript(          UnicodeString& dispScript) const;

/**
     * Fills in "dispScript" with the name of this locale's country in a format suitable
     * for user display in the locale specified by "displayLocale".  For example, if the locale's
     * script code is "LATN" and displayLocale's language code is "en", this function would set
     * dispScript to "Latin".
     * @param displayLocale      Specifies the locale to be used to display the name.  In other
     *                      words, if the locale's script code is "LATN", passing
     *                      Locale::getFrench() for displayLocale would result in "", while
     *                      passing Locale::getGerman() for displayLocale would result in
     *                      "".
     * @param dispScript    Receives the scripts's display name.
     * @return              A reference to "dispScript".
     * @stable ICU 2.8
     */
    UnicodeString&  getDisplayScript(  const   Locale&         displayLocale,
                                               UnicodeString&  dispScript) const;

/**
     * Fills in "dispCountry" with the name of this locale's country in a format suitable
     * for user display in the default locale.  For example, if the locale's country code
     * is "FR" and the default locale's language code is "en", this function would set
     * dispCountry to "France".
     * @param dispCountry   Receives the country's display name.
     * @return              A reference to "dispCountry".
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    UnicodeString&  getDisplayCountry(          UnicodeString& dispCountry) const;

/**
     * Fills in "dispCountry" with the name of this locale's country in a format suitable
     * for user display in the locale specified by "displayLocale".  For example, if the locale's
     * country code is "US" and displayLocale's language code is "fr", this function would set
     * dispCountry to "&Eacute;tats-Unis".
     * @param displayLocale      Specifies the locale to be used to display the name.  In other
     *                      words, if the locale's country code is "US", passing
     *                      Locale::getFrench() for displayLocale would result in "&Eacute;tats-Unis", while
     *                      passing Locale::getGerman() for displayLocale would result in
     *                      "Vereinigte Staaten".
     * @param dispCountry   Receives the country's display name.
     * @return              A reference to "dispCountry".
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    UnicodeString&  getDisplayCountry(  const   Locale&         displayLocale,
                                                UnicodeString&  dispCountry) const;

/**
     * Fills in "dispVar" with the name of this locale's variant code in a format suitable
     * for user display in the default locale.
     * @param dispVar   Receives the variant's name.
     * @return          A reference to "dispVar".
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    UnicodeString&  getDisplayVariant(      UnicodeString& dispVar) const;

/**
     * Fills in "dispVar" with the name of this locale's variant code in a format
     * suitable for user display in the locale specified by "displayLocale".
     * @param displayLocale  Specifies the locale to be used to display the name.
     * @param dispVar   Receives the variant's display name.
     * @return          A reference to "dispVar".
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    UnicodeString&  getDisplayVariant(  const   Locale&         displayLocale,
                                                UnicodeString&  dispVar) const;

/**
     * Fills in "name" with the name of this locale in a format suitable for user display
     * in the default locale.  This function uses getDisplayLanguage(), getDisplayCountry(),
     * and getDisplayVariant() to do its work, and outputs the display name in the format
     * "language (country[,variant])".  For example, if the default locale is en_US, then
     * fr_FR's display name would be "French (France)", and es_MX_Traditional's display name
     * would be "Spanish (Mexico,Traditional)".
     * @param name  Receives the locale's display name.
     * @return      A reference to "name".
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    UnicodeString&  getDisplayName(         UnicodeString&  name) const;

/**
     * Fills in "name" with the name of this locale in a format suitable for user display
     * in the locale specified by "displayLocale".  This function uses getDisplayLanguage(),
     * getDisplayCountry(), and getDisplayVariant() to do its work, and outputs the display
     * name in the format "language (country[,variant])".  For example, if displayLocale is
     * fr_FR, then en_US's display name would be "Anglais (&Eacute;tats-Unis)", and no_NO_NY's
     * display name would be "norv&eacute;gien (Norv&egrave;ge,NY)".
     * @param displayLocale  Specifies the locale to be used to display the name.
     * @param name      Receives the locale's display name.
     * @return          A reference to "name".
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    UnicodeString&  getDisplayName( const   Locale&         displayLocale,
                                            UnicodeString&  name) const;

/**
     * Generates a hash code for the locale.
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    int32_t hashCode() const;

/**
     * Sets the locale to bogus
     * A bogus locale represents a non-existing locale associated
     * with services that can be instantiated from non-locale data
     * in addition to locale (for example, collation can be
     * instantiated from a locale and from a rule set).
     * @stable ICU 2.1
     */
    void setToBogus();

/**
     * Gets the bogus state. Locale object can be bogus if it doesn't exist
     * @return false if it is a real locale, true if it is a bogus locale
     * @stable ICU 2.1
     */
    inline UBool isBogus() const;

/**
     * Returns a list of all installed locales.
     * @param count Receives the number of locales in the list.
     * @return      A pointer to an array of Locale objects.  This array is the list
     *              of all locales with installed resource files.  The called does NOT
     *              get ownership of this list, and must NOT delete it.
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    static const Locale* U_EXPORT2 getAvailableLocales(int32_t& count);

/**
     * Gets a list of all available 2-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166.  This is a
     * pointer to an array of pointers to arrays of char.  All of these pointers are
     * owned by ICU-- do not delete them, and do not write through them.  The array is
     * terminated with a null pointer.
     * @return a list of all available country codes
     * @stable ICU 2.0
     */
    static const char* const* U_EXPORT2 getISOCountries();

/**
 * Returns a list of all unique language codes defined in ISO 639.
 * They can be 2 or 3 letter codes, as defined by
 * <a href="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.html#section-2.2.1">
 * BCP 47, section 2.2.1</a>. This is a pointer
 * to an array of pointers to arrays of char. All of these pointers are owned
 * by ICU-- do not delete them, and do not write through them. The array is
 * terminated with a null pointer.
 * @return a list of all available language codes
 * @stable ICU 2.0
 */
 static const char* const* U_EXPORT2 getISOLanguages();

/**
     * ICU "poor man's RTTI", returns a UClassID for this class.
     *
     * @stable ICU 2.2
     */
    static UClassID U_EXPORT2 getStaticClassID();

/**
     * ICU "poor man's RTTI", returns a UClassID for the actual class.
     *
     * @stable ICU 2.2
     */
    virtual UClassID getDynamicClassID() const override;

/**
 * A Locale iterator interface similar to a Java Iterator<Locale>.
 * @stable ICU 65
 */
 class U_COMMON_API Iterator /* not : public UObject because this is an interface/mixin class */ {
 public:
 /** @stable ICU 65 */
 virtual ~Iterator();

/**
         * @return true if next() can be called again.
         * @stable ICU 65
         */
        virtual UBool hasNext() const = 0;

/**
         * @return the next locale.
         * @stable ICU 65
         */
        virtual const Locale &next() = 0;
    };

/**
 * A generic Locale iterator implementation over Locale input iterators.
 * @stable ICU 65
 */
 template<typename Iter>
 class RangeIterator : public Iterator, public UMemory {
 public:
 /**
 * Constructs an iterator from a begin/end range.
 * Each of the iterator parameter values must be an
 * input iterator whose value is convertible to const Locale &.
 *
 * @param begin Start of range.
 * @param end Exclusive end of range.
 * @stable ICU 65
 */
 RangeIterator(Iter begin, Iter end) : it_(begin), end_(end) {}

/**
         * @return true if next() can be called again.
         * @stable ICU 65
         */
        UBool hasNext() const override { return it_ != end_; }

/**
         * @return the next locale.
         * @stable ICU 65
         */
        const Locale &next() override { return *it_++; }

private:
        Iter it_;
        const Iter end_;
    };

/**
 * A generic Locale iterator implementation over Locale input iterators.
 * Calls the converter to convert each *begin to a const Locale &.
 * @stable ICU 65
 */
 template<typename Iter, typename Conv>
 class ConvertingIterator : public Iterator, public UMemory {
 public:
 /**
 * Constructs an iterator from a begin/end range.
 * Each of the iterator parameter values must be an
 * input iterator whose value the converter converts to const Locale &.
 *
 * @param begin Start of range.
 * @param end Exclusive end of range.
 * @param converter Converter from *begin to const Locale & or compatible.
 * @stable ICU 65
 */
 ConvertingIterator(Iter begin, Iter end, Conv converter) :
 it_(begin), end_(end), converter_(converter) {}

/**
         * @return true if next() can be called again.
         * @stable ICU 65
         */
        UBool hasNext() const override { return it_ != end_; }

/**
         * @return the next locale.
         * @stable ICU 65
         */
        const Locale &next() override { return converter_(*it_++); }

private:
        Iter it_;
        const Iter end_;
        Conv converter_;
    };

protected: /* only protected for testing purposes. DO NOT USE. */
#ifndef U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API
    /**
     * Set this from a single POSIX style locale string.
     * @internal
     */
    void setFromPOSIXID(const char *posixID);
    /**
     * Minimize the subtags for this Locale, per the algorithm described
     * @param favorScript favor to keep script if true, to keep region if false.
     * @param status  error information if maximizing this Locale failed.
     *                If this Locale is not well-formed, the error code is
     *                U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR.
     * @internal
     */
    void minimizeSubtags(bool favorScript, UErrorCode& status);
#endif  /* U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API */

private:
    /**
     * Initialize the locale object with a new name.
     * Was deprecated - used in implementation - moved internal
     *
     * @param cLocaleID The new locale name.
     * @param canonicalize whether to call uloc_canonicalize on cLocaleID
     */
    Locale& init(const char* localeID, UBool canonicalize);
    /** @internal */
    Locale& init(StringPiece localeID, UBool canonicalize);

/*
     * Internal constructor to allow construction of a locale object with
     *   NO side effects.   (Default constructor tries to get
     *   the default locale.)
     */
    enum ELocaleType {
        eBOGUS
    };
    Locale(ELocaleType);

/**
     * Initialize the locale cache for commonly used locales
     */
    static Locale* getLocaleCache();

char language[ULOC_LANG_CAPACITY];
    char script[ULOC_SCRIPT_CAPACITY];
    char country[ULOC_COUNTRY_CAPACITY];
    int32_t variantBegin;
    char* fullName;
    char fullNameBuffer[ULOC_FULLNAME_CAPACITY];
    // name without keywords
    char* baseName;
    void initBaseName(UErrorCode& status);

UBool fIsBogus;

static const Locale &getLocale(int locid);

/**
     * A friend to allow the default locale to be set by either the C or C++ API.
     * @internal (private)
     */
    friend Locale *locale_set_default_internal(const char *, UErrorCode& status);

/**
     * @internal (private)
     */
    friend void U_CALLCONV locale_available_init();
};

inline bool
Locale::operator!=(const    Locale&     other) const
{
    return !operator==(other);
}

template<typename StringClass> inline StringClass
Locale::toLanguageTag(UErrorCode& status) const
{
 if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return {}; }
 StringClass result;
 StringByteSink<StringClass> sink(&result);
 toLanguageTag(sink, status);
 return result;
}

inline const char *
Locale::getCountry() const
{
    return country;
}

inline const char *
Locale::getLanguage() const
{
    return language;
}

inline const char *
Locale::getScript() const
{
    return script;
}

inline const char *
Locale::getVariant() const
{
    return fIsBogus ? "" : &baseName[variantBegin];
}

inline const char *
Locale::getName() const
{
    return fullName;
}

template<typename StringClass, typename OutputIterator> inline void
Locale::getKeywords(OutputIterator iterator, UErrorCode& status) const
{
 if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return; }
 LocalPointer<StringEnumeration> keys(createKeywords(status));
 if (U_FAILURE(status) || keys.isNull()) {
 return;
 }
 for (;;) {
 int32_t resultLength;
 const char* buffer = keys->next(&resultLength, status);
 if (U_FAILURE(status) || buffer == nullptr) {
 return;
 }
 *iterator++ = StringClass(buffer, resultLength);
 }
}

template<typename StringClass, typename OutputIterator> inline void
Locale::getUnicodeKeywords(OutputIterator iterator, UErrorCode& status) const
{
 if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return; }
 LocalPointer<StringEnumeration> keys(createUnicodeKeywords(status));
 if (U_FAILURE(status) || keys.isNull()) {
 return;
 }
 for (;;) {
 int32_t resultLength;
 const char* buffer = keys->next(&resultLength, status);
 if (U_FAILURE(status) || buffer == nullptr) {
 return;
 }
 *iterator++ = StringClass(buffer, resultLength);
 }
}

template<typename StringClass> inline StringClass
Locale::getKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, UErrorCode& status) const
{
 if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return {}; }
 StringClass result;
 StringByteSink<StringClass> sink(&result);
 getKeywordValue(keywordName, sink, status);
 return result;
}

template<typename StringClass> inline StringClass
Locale::getUnicodeKeywordValue(StringPiece keywordName, UErrorCode& status) const
{
 if (U_FAILURE(status)) { return {}; }
 StringClass result;
 StringByteSink<StringClass> sink(&result);
 getUnicodeKeywordValue(keywordName, sink, status);
 return result;
}

inline UBool
Locale::isBogus() const {
    return fIsBogus;
}

U_NAMESPACE_END

#endif /* U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API */

#endif

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