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Edit File : pathname.rb \| Size : 16.08 KB
# frozen_string_literal: true # # = pathname.rb # # Object-Oriented Pathname Class # # Author:: Tanaka Akira <akr@m17n.org> # Documentation:: Author and Gavin Sinclair # # For documentation, see class Pathname. # require 'pathname.so' class Pathname # to_path is implemented so Pathname objects are usable with File.open, etc. TO_PATH = :to_path SAME_PATHS = if File::FNM_SYSCASE.nonzero? # Avoid #zero? here because #casecmp can return nil. proc {\|a, b\| a.casecmp(b) == 0} else proc {\|a, b\| a == b} end if File::ALT_SEPARATOR SEPARATOR_LIST = "#{Regexp.quote File::ALT_SEPARATOR}#{Regexp.quote File::SEPARATOR}" SEPARATOR_PAT = /[#{SEPARATOR_LIST}]/ else SEPARATOR_LIST = "#{Regexp.quote File::SEPARATOR}" SEPARATOR_PAT = /#{Regexp.quote File::SEPARATOR}/ end # :startdoc: # chop_basename(path) -> [pre-basename, basename] or nil def chop_basename(path) # :nodoc: base = File.basename(path) if /\A#{SEPARATOR_PAT}?\z/o =~ base return nil else return path[0, path.rindex(base)], base end end private :chop_basename # split_names(path) -> prefix, [name, ...] def split_names(path) # :nodoc: names = [] while r = chop_basename(path) path, basename = r names.unshift basename end return path, names end private :split_names def prepend_prefix(prefix, relpath) # :nodoc: if relpath.empty? File.dirname(prefix) elsif /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o =~ prefix prefix = File.dirname(prefix) prefix = File.join(prefix, "") if File.basename(prefix + 'a') != 'a' prefix + relpath else prefix + relpath end end private :prepend_prefix # Returns clean pathname of +self+ with consecutive slashes and useless dots # removed. The filesystem is not accessed. # # If +consider_symlink+ is +true+, then a more conservative algorithm is used # to avoid breaking symbolic linkages. This may retain more +..+ # entries than absolutely necessary, but without accessing the filesystem, # this can't be avoided. # # See Pathname#realpath. # def cleanpath(consider_symlink=false) if consider_symlink cleanpath_conservative else cleanpath_aggressive end end # # Clean the path simply by resolving and removing excess +.+ and +..+ entries. # Nothing more, nothing less. # def cleanpath_aggressive # :nodoc: path = @path names = [] pre = path while r = chop_basename(pre) pre, base = r case base when '.' when '..' names.unshift base else if names[0] == '..' names.shift else names.unshift base end end end pre.tr!(File::ALT_SEPARATOR, File::SEPARATOR) if File::ALT_SEPARATOR if /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o =~ File.basename(pre) names.shift while names[0] == '..' end self.class.new(prepend_prefix(pre, File.join(names))) end private :cleanpath_aggressive # has_trailing_separator?(path) -> bool def has_trailing_separator?(path) # :nodoc: if r = chop_basename(path) pre, basename = r pre.length + basename.length < path.length else false end end private :has_trailing_separator? # add_trailing_separator(path) -> path def add_trailing_separator(path) # :nodoc: if File.basename(path + 'a') == 'a' path else File.join(path, "") # xxx: Is File.join is appropriate to add separator? end end private :add_trailing_separator def del_trailing_separator(path) # :nodoc: if r = chop_basename(path) pre, basename = r pre + basename elsif /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}+\z/o =~ path $` + File.dirname(path)[/#{SEPARATOR_PAT}\z/o] else path end end private :del_trailing_separator def cleanpath_conservative # :nodoc: path = @path names = [] pre = path while r = chop_basename(pre) pre, base = r names.unshift base if base != '.' end pre.tr!(File::ALT_SEPARATOR, File::SEPARATOR) if File::ALT_SEPARATOR if /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o =~ File.basename(pre) names.shift while names[0] == '..' end if names.empty? self.class.new(File.dirname(pre)) else if names.last != '..' && File.basename(path) == '.' names << '.' end result = prepend_prefix(pre, File.join(names)) if /\A(?:\.\|\.\.)\z/ !~ names.last && has_trailing_separator?(path) self.class.new(add_trailing_separator(result)) else self.class.new(result) end end end private :cleanpath_conservative # Returns the parent directory. # # This is same as <code>self + '..'</code>. def parent self + '..' end # Returns +true+ if +self+ points to a mountpoint. def mountpoint? begin stat1 = self.lstat stat2 = self.parent.lstat stat1.dev == stat2.dev && stat1.ino == stat2.ino \|\| stat1.dev != stat2.dev rescue Errno::ENOENT false end end # # Predicate method for root directories. Returns +true+ if the # pathname consists of consecutive slashes. # # It doesn't access the filesystem. So it may return +false+ for some # pathnames which points to roots such as <tt>/usr/..</tt>. # def root? !!(chop_basename(@path) == nil && /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o =~ @path) end # Predicate method for testing whether a path is absolute. # # It returns +true+ if the pathname begins with a slash. # # p = Pathname.new('/im/sure') # p.absolute? # #=> true # # p = Pathname.new('not/so/sure') # p.absolute? # #=> false def absolute? !relative? end # The opposite of Pathname#absolute? # # It returns +false+ if the pathname begins with a slash. # # p = Pathname.new('/im/sure') # p.relative? # #=> false # # p = Pathname.new('not/so/sure') # p.relative? # #=> true def relative? path = @path while r = chop_basename(path) path, = r end path == '' end # # Iterates over each component of the path. # # Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").each_filename {\|filename\| ... } # # yields "usr", "bin", and "ruby". # # Returns an Enumerator if no block was given. # # enum = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").each_filename # # ... do stuff ... # enum.each { \|e\| ... } # # yields "usr", "bin", and "ruby". # def each_filename # :yield: filename return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given? _, names = split_names(@path) names.each {\|filename\| yield filename } nil end # Iterates over and yields a new Pathname object # for each element in the given path in descending order. # # Pathname.new('/path/to/some/file.rb').descend {\|v\| p v} # #<Pathname:/> # #<Pathname:/path> # #<Pathname:/path/to> # #<Pathname:/path/to/some> # #<Pathname:/path/to/some/file.rb> # # Pathname.new('path/to/some/file.rb').descend {\|v\| p v} # #<Pathname:path> # #<Pathname:path/to> # #<Pathname:path/to/some> # #<Pathname:path/to/some/file.rb> # # Returns an Enumerator if no block was given. # # enum = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").descend # # ... do stuff ... # enum.each { \|e\| ... } # # yields Pathnames /, /usr, /usr/bin, and /usr/bin/ruby. # # It doesn't access the filesystem. # def descend return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given? vs = [] ascend {\|v\| vs << v } vs.reverse_each {\|v\| yield v } nil end # Iterates over and yields a new Pathname object # for each element in the given path in ascending order. # # Pathname.new('/path/to/some/file.rb').ascend {\|v\| p v} # #<Pathname:/path/to/some/file.rb> # #<Pathname:/path/to/some> # #<Pathname:/path/to> # #<Pathname:/path> # #<Pathname:/> # # Pathname.new('path/to/some/file.rb').ascend {\|v\| p v} # #<Pathname:path/to/some/file.rb> # #<Pathname:path/to/some> # #<Pathname:path/to> # #<Pathname:path> # # Returns an Enumerator if no block was given. # # enum = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").ascend # # ... do stuff ... # enum.each { \|e\| ... } # # yields Pathnames /usr/bin/ruby, /usr/bin, /usr, and /. # # It doesn't access the filesystem. # def ascend return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given? path = @path yield self while r = chop_basename(path) path, = r break if path.empty? yield self.class.new(del_trailing_separator(path)) end end # # Appends a pathname fragment to +self+ to produce a new Pathname object. # # p1 = Pathname.new("/usr") # Pathname:/usr # p2 = p1 + "bin/ruby" # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby # p3 = p1 + "/etc/passwd" # Pathname:/etc/passwd # # # / is aliased to +. # p4 = p1 / "bin/ruby" # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby # p5 = p1 / "/etc/passwd" # Pathname:/etc/passwd # # This method doesn't access the file system; it is pure string manipulation. # def +(other) other = Pathname.new(other) unless Pathname === other Pathname.new(plus(@path, other.to_s)) end alias / + def plus(path1, path2) # -> path # :nodoc: prefix2 = path2 index_list2 = [] basename_list2 = [] while r2 = chop_basename(prefix2) prefix2, basename2 = r2 index_list2.unshift prefix2.length basename_list2.unshift basename2 end return path2 if prefix2 != '' prefix1 = path1 while true while !basename_list2.empty? && basename_list2.first == '.' index_list2.shift basename_list2.shift end break unless r1 = chop_basename(prefix1) prefix1, basename1 = r1 next if basename1 == '.' if basename1 == '..' \|\| basename_list2.empty? \|\| basename_list2.first != '..' prefix1 = prefix1 + basename1 break end index_list2.shift basename_list2.shift end r1 = chop_basename(prefix1) if !r1 && (r1 = /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o =~ File.basename(prefix1)) while !basename_list2.empty? && basename_list2.first == '..' index_list2.shift basename_list2.shift end end if !basename_list2.empty? suffix2 = path2[index_list2.first..-1] r1 ? File.join(prefix1, suffix2) : prefix1 + suffix2 else r1 ? prefix1 : File.dirname(prefix1) end end private :plus # # Joins the given pathnames onto +self+ to create a new Pathname object. # # path0 = Pathname.new("/usr") # Pathname:/usr # path0 = path0.join("bin/ruby") # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby # # is the same as # path1 = Pathname.new("/usr") + "bin/ruby" # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby # path0 == path1 # #=> true # def join(args) return self if args.empty? result = args.pop result = Pathname.new(result) unless Pathname === result return result if result.absolute? args.reverse_each {\|arg\| arg = Pathname.new(arg) unless Pathname === arg result = arg + result return result if result.absolute? } self + result end # # Returns the children of the directory (files and subdirectories, not # recursive) as an array of Pathname objects. # # By default, the returned pathnames will have enough information to access # the files. If you set +with_directory+ to +false+, then the returned # pathnames will contain the filename only. # # For example: # pn = Pathname("/usr/lib/ruby/1.8") # pn.children # # -> [ Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/English.rb, # Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/Env.rb, # Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/abbrev.rb, ... ] # pn.children(false) # # -> [ Pathname:English.rb, Pathname:Env.rb, Pathname:abbrev.rb, ... ] # # Note that the results never contain the entries +.+ and +..+ in # the directory because they are not children. # def children(with_directory=true) with_directory = false if @path == '.' result = [] Dir.foreach(@path) {\|e\| next if e == '.' \|\| e == '..' if with_directory result << self.class.new(File.join(@path, e)) else result << self.class.new(e) end } result end # Iterates over the children of the directory # (files and subdirectories, not recursive). # # It yields Pathname object for each child. # # By default, the yielded pathnames will have enough information to access # the files. # # If you set +with_directory+ to +false+, then the returned pathnames will # contain the filename only. # # Pathname("/usr/local").each_child {\|f\| p f } # #=> #<Pathname:/usr/local/share> # # #<Pathname:/usr/local/bin> # # #<Pathname:/usr/local/games> # # #<Pathname:/usr/local/lib> # # #<Pathname:/usr/local/include> # # #<Pathname:/usr/local/sbin> # # #<Pathname:/usr/local/src> # # #<Pathname:/usr/local/man> # # Pathname("/usr/local").each_child(false) {\|f\| p f } # #=> #<Pathname:share> # # #<Pathname:bin> # # #<Pathname:games> # # #<Pathname:lib> # # #<Pathname:include> # # #<Pathname:sbin> # # #<Pathname:src> # # #<Pathname:man> # # Note that the results never contain the entries +.+ and +..+ in # the directory because they are not children. # # See Pathname#children # def each_child(with_directory=true, &b) children(with_directory).each(&b) end # # Returns a relative path from the given +base_directory+ to the receiver. # # If +self+ is absolute, then +base_directory+ must be absolute too. # # If +self+ is relative, then +base_directory+ must be relative too. # # This method doesn't access the filesystem. It assumes no symlinks. # # ArgumentError is raised when it cannot find a relative path. # def relative_path_from(base_directory) dest_directory = self.cleanpath.to_s base_directory = base_directory.cleanpath.to_s dest_prefix = dest_directory dest_names = [] while r = chop_basename(dest_prefix) dest_prefix, basename = r dest_names.unshift basename if basename != '.' end base_prefix = base_directory base_names = [] while r = chop_basename(base_prefix) base_prefix, basename = r base_names.unshift basename if basename != '.' end unless SAME_PATHS[dest_prefix, base_prefix] raise ArgumentError, "different prefix: #{dest_prefix.inspect} and #{base_directory.inspect}" end while !dest_names.empty? && !base_names.empty? && SAME_PATHS[dest_names.first, base_names.first] dest_names.shift base_names.shift end if base_names.include? '..' raise ArgumentError, "base_directory has ..: #{base_directory.inspect}" end base_names.fill('..') relpath_names = base_names + dest_names if relpath_names.empty? Pathname.new('.') else Pathname.new(File.join(relpath_names)) end end end class Pathname # Find * # # Iterates over the directory tree in a depth first manner, yielding a # Pathname for each file under "this" directory. # # Returns an Enumerator if no block is given. # # Since it is implemented by the standard library module Find, Find.prune can # be used to control the traversal. # # If +self+ is +.+, yielded pathnames begin with a filename in the # current directory, not +./+. # # See Find.find # def find(ignore_error: true) # :yield: pathname return to_enum(__method__, ignore_error: ignore_error) unless block_given? require 'find' if @path == '.' Find.find(@path, ignore_error: ignore_error) {\|f\| yield self.class.new(f.sub(%r{\A\./}, '')) } else Find.find(@path, ignore_error: ignore_error) {\|f\| yield self.class.new(f) } end end end class Pathname # * FileUtils * # Creates a full path, including any intermediate directories that don't yet # exist. # # See FileUtils.mkpath and FileUtils.mkdir_p def mkpath require 'fileutils' FileUtils.mkpath(@path) nil end # Recursively deletes a directory, including all directories beneath it. # # See FileUtils.rm_r def rmtree # The name "rmtree" is borrowed from File::Path of Perl. # File::Path provides "mkpath" and "rmtree". require 'fileutils' FileUtils.rm_r(@path) nil end end Back

Edit File : pathname.rb | Size : 16.08 KB

# frozen_string_literal: true
#
# = pathname.rb
#
# Object-Oriented Pathname Class
#
# Author:: Tanaka Akira <akr@m17n.org>
# Documentation:: Author and Gavin Sinclair
#
# For documentation, see class Pathname.
#

require 'pathname.so'

class Pathname

# to_path is implemented so Pathname objects are usable with File.open, etc.
  TO_PATH = :to_path

SAME_PATHS = if File::FNM_SYSCASE.nonzero?
    # Avoid #zero? here because #casecmp can return nil.
    proc {|a, b| a.casecmp(b) == 0}
  else
    proc {|a, b| a == b}
  end

if File::ALT_SEPARATOR
    SEPARATOR_LIST = "#{Regexp.quote File::ALT_SEPARATOR}#{Regexp.quote File::SEPARATOR}"
    SEPARATOR_PAT = /[#{SEPARATOR_LIST}]/
  else
    SEPARATOR_LIST = "#{Regexp.quote File::SEPARATOR}"
    SEPARATOR_PAT = /#{Regexp.quote File::SEPARATOR}/
  end

# :startdoc:

# chop_basename(path) -> [pre-basename, basename] or nil
  def chop_basename(path) # :nodoc:
    base = File.basename(path)
    if /\A#{SEPARATOR_PAT}?\z/o =~ base
      return nil
    else
      return path[0, path.rindex(base)], base
    end
  end
  private :chop_basename

# split_names(path) -> prefix, [name, ...]
  def split_names(path) # :nodoc:
    names = []
    while r = chop_basename(path)
      path, basename = r
      names.unshift basename
    end
    return path, names
  end
  private :split_names

def prepend_prefix(prefix, relpath) # :nodoc:
    if relpath.empty?
      File.dirname(prefix)
    elsif /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o =~ prefix
      prefix = File.dirname(prefix)
      prefix = File.join(prefix, "") if File.basename(prefix + 'a') != 'a'
      prefix + relpath
    else
      prefix + relpath
    end
  end
  private :prepend_prefix

# Returns clean pathname of +self+ with consecutive slashes and useless dots
  # removed.  The filesystem is not accessed.
  #
  # If +consider_symlink+ is +true+, then a more conservative algorithm is used
  # to avoid breaking symbolic linkages.  This may retain more +..+
  # entries than absolutely necessary, but without accessing the filesystem,
  # this can't be avoided.
  #
  # See Pathname#realpath.
  #
  def cleanpath(consider_symlink=false)
    if consider_symlink
      cleanpath_conservative
    else
      cleanpath_aggressive
    end
  end

#
  # Clean the path simply by resolving and removing excess +.+ and +..+ entries.
  # Nothing more, nothing less.
  #
  def cleanpath_aggressive # :nodoc:
    path = @path
    names = []
    pre = path
    while r = chop_basename(pre)
      pre, base = r
      case base
      when '.'
      when '..'
        names.unshift base
      else
        if names[0] == '..'
          names.shift
        else
          names.unshift base
        end
      end
    end
    pre.tr!(File::ALT_SEPARATOR, File::SEPARATOR) if File::ALT_SEPARATOR
    if /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o =~ File.basename(pre)
      names.shift while names[0] == '..'
    end
    self.class.new(prepend_prefix(pre, File.join(*names)))
  end
  private :cleanpath_aggressive

# has_trailing_separator?(path) -> bool
  def has_trailing_separator?(path) # :nodoc:
    if r = chop_basename(path)
      pre, basename = r
      pre.length + basename.length < path.length
    else
      false
    end
  end
  private :has_trailing_separator?

# add_trailing_separator(path) -> path
  def add_trailing_separator(path) # :nodoc:
    if File.basename(path + 'a') == 'a'
      path
    else
      File.join(path, "") # xxx: Is File.join is appropriate to add separator?
    end
  end
  private :add_trailing_separator

def del_trailing_separator(path) # :nodoc:
    if r = chop_basename(path)
      pre, basename = r
      pre + basename
    elsif /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}+\z/o =~ path
      $` + File.dirname(path)[/#{SEPARATOR_PAT}*\z/o]
    else
      path
    end
  end
  private :del_trailing_separator

def cleanpath_conservative # :nodoc:
    path = @path
    names = []
    pre = path
    while r = chop_basename(pre)
      pre, base = r
      names.unshift base if base != '.'
    end
    pre.tr!(File::ALT_SEPARATOR, File::SEPARATOR) if File::ALT_SEPARATOR
    if /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o =~ File.basename(pre)
      names.shift while names[0] == '..'
    end
    if names.empty?
      self.class.new(File.dirname(pre))
    else
      if names.last != '..' && File.basename(path) == '.'
        names << '.'
      end
      result = prepend_prefix(pre, File.join(*names))
      if /\A(?:\.|\.\.)\z/ !~ names.last && has_trailing_separator?(path)
        self.class.new(add_trailing_separator(result))
      else
        self.class.new(result)
      end
    end
  end
  private :cleanpath_conservative

# Returns the parent directory.
  #
  # This is same as <code>self + '..'</code>.
  def parent
    self + '..'
  end

# Returns +true+ if +self+ points to a mountpoint.
  def mountpoint?
    begin
      stat1 = self.lstat
      stat2 = self.parent.lstat
      stat1.dev == stat2.dev && stat1.ino == stat2.ino ||
        stat1.dev != stat2.dev
    rescue Errno::ENOENT
      false
    end
  end

#
  # Predicate method for root directories.  Returns +true+ if the
  # pathname consists of consecutive slashes.
  #
  # It doesn't access the filesystem.  So it may return +false+ for some
  # pathnames which points to roots such as <tt>/usr/..</tt>.
  #
  def root?
    !!(chop_basename(@path) == nil && /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o =~ @path)
  end

# Predicate method for testing whether a path is absolute.
  #
  # It returns +true+ if the pathname begins with a slash.
  #
  #   p = Pathname.new('/im/sure')
  #   p.absolute?
  #       #=> true
  #
  #   p = Pathname.new('not/so/sure')
  #   p.absolute?
  #       #=> false
  def absolute?
    !relative?
  end

# The opposite of Pathname#absolute?
  #
  # It returns +false+ if the pathname begins with a slash.
  #
  #   p = Pathname.new('/im/sure')
  #   p.relative?
  #       #=> false
  #
  #   p = Pathname.new('not/so/sure')
  #   p.relative?
  #       #=> true
  def relative?
    path = @path
    while r = chop_basename(path)
      path, = r
    end
    path == ''
  end

#
  # Iterates over each component of the path.
  #
  #   Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").each_filename {|filename| ... }
  #     # yields "usr", "bin", and "ruby".
  #
  # Returns an Enumerator if no block was given.
  #
  #   enum = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").each_filename
  #     # ... do stuff ...
  #   enum.each { |e| ... }
  #     # yields "usr", "bin", and "ruby".
  #
  def each_filename # :yield: filename
    return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given?
    _, names = split_names(@path)
    names.each {|filename| yield filename }
    nil
  end

# Iterates over and yields a new Pathname object
  # for each element in the given path in descending order.
  #
  #  Pathname.new('/path/to/some/file.rb').descend {|v| p v}
  #     #<Pathname:/>
  #     #<Pathname:/path>
  #     #<Pathname:/path/to>
  #     #<Pathname:/path/to/some>
  #     #<Pathname:/path/to/some/file.rb>
  #
  #  Pathname.new('path/to/some/file.rb').descend {|v| p v}
  #     #<Pathname:path>
  #     #<Pathname:path/to>
  #     #<Pathname:path/to/some>
  #     #<Pathname:path/to/some/file.rb>
  #
  # Returns an Enumerator if no block was given.
  #
  #   enum = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").descend
  #     # ... do stuff ...
  #   enum.each { |e| ... }
  #     # yields Pathnames /, /usr, /usr/bin, and /usr/bin/ruby.
  #
  # It doesn't access the filesystem.
  #
  def descend
    return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given?
    vs = []
    ascend {|v| vs << v }
    vs.reverse_each {|v| yield v }
    nil
  end

# Iterates over and yields a new Pathname object
  # for each element in the given path in ascending order.
  #
  #  Pathname.new('/path/to/some/file.rb').ascend {|v| p v}
  #     #<Pathname:/path/to/some/file.rb>
  #     #<Pathname:/path/to/some>
  #     #<Pathname:/path/to>
  #     #<Pathname:/path>
  #     #<Pathname:/>
  #
  #  Pathname.new('path/to/some/file.rb').ascend {|v| p v}
  #     #<Pathname:path/to/some/file.rb>
  #     #<Pathname:path/to/some>
  #     #<Pathname:path/to>
  #     #<Pathname:path>
  #
  # Returns an Enumerator if no block was given.
  #
  #   enum = Pathname.new("/usr/bin/ruby").ascend
  #     # ... do stuff ...
  #   enum.each { |e| ... }
  #     # yields Pathnames /usr/bin/ruby, /usr/bin, /usr, and /.
  #
  # It doesn't access the filesystem.
  #
  def ascend
    return to_enum(__method__) unless block_given?
    path = @path
    yield self
    while r = chop_basename(path)
      path, = r
      break if path.empty?
      yield self.class.new(del_trailing_separator(path))
    end
  end

#
  # Appends a pathname fragment to +self+ to produce a new Pathname object.
  #
  #   p1 = Pathname.new("/usr")      # Pathname:/usr
  #   p2 = p1 + "bin/ruby"           # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
  #   p3 = p1 + "/etc/passwd"        # Pathname:/etc/passwd
  #
  #   # / is aliased to +.
  #   p4 = p1 / "bin/ruby"           # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
  #   p5 = p1 / "/etc/passwd"        # Pathname:/etc/passwd
  #
  # This method doesn't access the file system; it is pure string manipulation.
  #
  def +(other)
    other = Pathname.new(other) unless Pathname === other
    Pathname.new(plus(@path, other.to_s))
  end
  alias / +

def plus(path1, path2) # -> path # :nodoc:
    prefix2 = path2
    index_list2 = []
    basename_list2 = []
    while r2 = chop_basename(prefix2)
      prefix2, basename2 = r2
      index_list2.unshift prefix2.length
      basename_list2.unshift basename2
    end
    return path2 if prefix2 != ''
    prefix1 = path1
    while true
      while !basename_list2.empty? && basename_list2.first == '.'
        index_list2.shift
        basename_list2.shift
      end
      break unless r1 = chop_basename(prefix1)
      prefix1, basename1 = r1
      next if basename1 == '.'
      if basename1 == '..' || basename_list2.empty? || basename_list2.first != '..'
        prefix1 = prefix1 + basename1
        break
      end
      index_list2.shift
      basename_list2.shift
    end
    r1 = chop_basename(prefix1)
    if !r1 && (r1 = /#{SEPARATOR_PAT}/o =~ File.basename(prefix1))
      while !basename_list2.empty? && basename_list2.first == '..'
        index_list2.shift
        basename_list2.shift
      end
    end
    if !basename_list2.empty?
      suffix2 = path2[index_list2.first..-1]
      r1 ? File.join(prefix1, suffix2) : prefix1 + suffix2
    else
      r1 ? prefix1 : File.dirname(prefix1)
    end
  end
  private :plus

#
  # Joins the given pathnames onto +self+ to create a new Pathname object.
  #
  #   path0 = Pathname.new("/usr")                # Pathname:/usr
  #   path0 = path0.join("bin/ruby")              # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
  #       # is the same as
  #   path1 = Pathname.new("/usr") + "bin/ruby"   # Pathname:/usr/bin/ruby
  #   path0 == path1
  #       #=> true
  #
  def join(*args)
    return self if args.empty?
    result = args.pop
    result = Pathname.new(result) unless Pathname === result
    return result if result.absolute?
    args.reverse_each {|arg|
      arg = Pathname.new(arg) unless Pathname === arg
      result = arg + result
      return result if result.absolute?
    }
    self + result
  end

#
  # Returns the children of the directory (files and subdirectories, not
  # recursive) as an array of Pathname objects.
  #
  # By default, the returned pathnames will have enough information to access
  # the files. If you set +with_directory+ to +false+, then the returned
  # pathnames will contain the filename only.
  #
  # For example:
  #   pn = Pathname("/usr/lib/ruby/1.8")
  #   pn.children
  #       # -> [ Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/English.rb,
  #              Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/Env.rb,
  #              Pathname:/usr/lib/ruby/1.8/abbrev.rb, ... ]
  #   pn.children(false)
  #       # -> [ Pathname:English.rb, Pathname:Env.rb, Pathname:abbrev.rb, ... ]
  #
  # Note that the results never contain the entries +.+ and +..+ in
  # the directory because they are not children.
  #
  def children(with_directory=true)
    with_directory = false if @path == '.'
    result = []
    Dir.foreach(@path) {|e|
      next if e == '.' || e == '..'
      if with_directory
        result << self.class.new(File.join(@path, e))
      else
        result << self.class.new(e)
      end
    }
    result
  end

# Iterates over the children of the directory
  # (files and subdirectories, not recursive).
  #
  # It yields Pathname object for each child.
  #
  # By default, the yielded pathnames will have enough information to access
  # the files.
  #
  # If you set +with_directory+ to +false+, then the returned pathnames will
  # contain the filename only.
  #
  #   Pathname("/usr/local").each_child {|f| p f }
  #   #=> #<Pathname:/usr/local/share>
  #   #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/bin>
  #   #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/games>
  #   #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/lib>
  #   #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/include>
  #   #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/sbin>
  #   #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/src>
  #   #   #<Pathname:/usr/local/man>
  #
  #   Pathname("/usr/local").each_child(false) {|f| p f }
  #   #=> #<Pathname:share>
  #   #   #<Pathname:bin>
  #   #   #<Pathname:games>
  #   #   #<Pathname:lib>
  #   #   #<Pathname:include>
  #   #   #<Pathname:sbin>
  #   #   #<Pathname:src>
  #   #   #<Pathname:man>
  #
  # Note that the results never contain the entries +.+ and +..+ in
  # the directory because they are not children.
  #
  # See Pathname#children
  #
  def each_child(with_directory=true, &b)
    children(with_directory).each(&b)
  end

#
  # Returns a relative path from the given +base_directory+ to the receiver.
  #
  # If +self+ is absolute, then +base_directory+ must be absolute too.
  #
  # If +self+ is relative, then +base_directory+ must be relative too.
  #
  # This method doesn't access the filesystem.  It assumes no symlinks.
  #
  # ArgumentError is raised when it cannot find a relative path.
  #
  def relative_path_from(base_directory)
    dest_directory = self.cleanpath.to_s
    base_directory = base_directory.cleanpath.to_s
    dest_prefix = dest_directory
    dest_names = []
    while r = chop_basename(dest_prefix)
      dest_prefix, basename = r
      dest_names.unshift basename if basename != '.'
    end
    base_prefix = base_directory
    base_names = []
    while r = chop_basename(base_prefix)
      base_prefix, basename = r
      base_names.unshift basename if basename != '.'
    end
    unless SAME_PATHS[dest_prefix, base_prefix]
      raise ArgumentError, "different prefix: #{dest_prefix.inspect} and #{base_directory.inspect}"
    end
    while !dest_names.empty? &&
          !base_names.empty? &&
          SAME_PATHS[dest_names.first, base_names.first]
      dest_names.shift
      base_names.shift
    end
    if base_names.include? '..'
      raise ArgumentError, "base_directory has ..: #{base_directory.inspect}"
    end
    base_names.fill('..')
    relpath_names = base_names + dest_names
    if relpath_names.empty?
      Pathname.new('.')
    else
      Pathname.new(File.join(*relpath_names))
    end
  end
end

class Pathname    # * Find *
  #
  # Iterates over the directory tree in a depth first manner, yielding a
  # Pathname for each file under "this" directory.
  #
  # Returns an Enumerator if no block is given.
  #
  # Since it is implemented by the standard library module Find, Find.prune can
  # be used to control the traversal.
  #
  # If +self+ is +.+, yielded pathnames begin with a filename in the
  # current directory, not +./+.
  #
  # See Find.find
  #
  def find(ignore_error: true) # :yield: pathname
    return to_enum(__method__, ignore_error: ignore_error) unless block_given?
    require 'find'
    if @path == '.'
      Find.find(@path, ignore_error: ignore_error) {|f| yield self.class.new(f.sub(%r{\A\./}, '')) }
    else
      Find.find(@path, ignore_error: ignore_error) {|f| yield self.class.new(f) }
    end
  end
end

class Pathname    # * FileUtils *
  # Creates a full path, including any intermediate directories that don't yet
  # exist.
  #
  # See FileUtils.mkpath and FileUtils.mkdir_p
  def mkpath
    require 'fileutils'
    FileUtils.mkpath(@path)
    nil
  end

# Recursively deletes a directory, including all directories beneath it.
  #
  # See FileUtils.rm_r
  def rmtree
    # The name "rmtree" is borrowed from File::Path of Perl.
    # File::Path provides "mkpath" and "rmtree".
    require 'fileutils'
    FileUtils.rm_r(@path)
    nil
  end
end

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