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Edit File : pointer.h \| Size : 19.36 KB
// Custom pointer adapter and sample storage policies // Copyright (C) 2008-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. // // This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free // software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the // terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the // Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) // any later version. // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the // GNU General Public License for more details. // Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional // permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version // 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation. // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and // a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program; // see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. /** * @file ext/pointer.h * This file is a GNU extension to the Standard C++ Library. * * @author Bob Walters * * Provides reusable _Pointer_adapter for assisting in the development of * custom pointer types that can be used with the standard containers via * the allocator::pointer and allocator::const_pointer typedefs. / #ifndef _POINTER_H #define _POINTER_H 1 #pragma GCC system_header #include <iosfwd> #include <bits/stl_iterator_base_types.h> #include <ext/cast.h> #include <ext/type_traits.h> #if __cplusplus >= 201103L # include <bits/move.h> # include <bits/ptr_traits.h> #endif namespace __gnu_cxx _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default) { _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION /* * @brief A storage policy for use with _Pointer_adapter<> which yields a * standard pointer. * * A _Storage_policy is required to provide 4 things: * 1) A get() API for returning the stored pointer value. * 2) An set() API for storing a pointer value. * 3) An element_type typedef to define the type this points to. * 4) An operator<() to support pointer comparison. * 5) An operator==() to support pointer comparison. / template<typename _Tp> class _Std_pointer_impl { public: // the type this pointer points to. typedef _Tp element_type; // A method to fetch the pointer value as a standard T value; inline _Tp* get() const { return _M_value; } // A method to set the pointer value, from a standard T* value; inline void set(element_type* __arg) { _M_value = __arg; } // Comparison of pointers inline bool operator<(const _Std_pointer_impl& __rarg) const { return (_M_value < __rarg._M_value); } inline bool operator==(const _Std_pointer_impl& __rarg) const { return (_M_value == __rarg._M_value); } private: element_type* _M_value; }; /** * @brief A storage policy for use with _Pointer_adapter<> which stores * the pointer's address as an offset value which is relative to * its own address. * * This is intended for pointers within shared memory regions which * might be mapped at different addresses by different processes. * For null pointers, a value of 1 is used. (0 is legitimate * sometimes for nodes in circularly linked lists) This value was * chosen as the least likely to generate an incorrect null, As * there is no reason why any normal pointer would point 1 byte into * its own pointer address. / template<typename _Tp> class _Relative_pointer_impl { public: typedef _Tp element_type; _Tp get() const { if (_M_diff == 1) return 0; else return reinterpret_cast<_Tp>(reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(this) + _M_diff); } void set(_Tp __arg) { if (!__arg) _M_diff = 1; else _M_diff = reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(__arg) - reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(this); } // Comparison of pointers inline bool operator<(const _Relative_pointer_impl& __rarg) const { return (reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(this->get()) < reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(__rarg.get())); } inline bool operator==(const _Relative_pointer_impl& __rarg) const { return (reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(this->get()) == reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(__rarg.get())); } private: #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_LONG_LONG typedef __gnu_cxx::__conditional_type< (sizeof(unsigned long) >= sizeof(void)), unsigned long, unsigned long long>::__type _UIntPtrType; #else typedef unsigned long _UIntPtrType; #endif _UIntPtrType _M_diff; }; /* * Relative_pointer_impl needs a specialization for const T because of * the casting done during pointer arithmetic. / template<typename _Tp> class _Relative_pointer_impl<const _Tp> { public: typedef const _Tp element_type; const _Tp get() const { if (_M_diff == 1) return 0; else return reinterpret_cast<const _Tp> (reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(this) + _M_diff); } void set(const _Tp __arg) { if (!__arg) _M_diff = 1; else _M_diff = reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(__arg) - reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(this); } // Comparison of pointers inline bool operator<(const _Relative_pointer_impl& __rarg) const { return (reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(this->get()) < reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(__rarg.get())); } inline bool operator==(const _Relative_pointer_impl& __rarg) const { return (reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(this->get()) == reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(__rarg.get())); } private: #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_LONG_LONG typedef __gnu_cxx::__conditional_type< (sizeof(unsigned long) >= sizeof(void)), unsigned long, unsigned long long>::__type _UIntPtrType; #else typedef unsigned long _UIntPtrType; #endif _UIntPtrType _M_diff; }; /* * The specialization on this type helps resolve the problem of * reference to void, and eliminates the need to specialize * _Pointer_adapter for cases of void, const void, and so on. / struct _Invalid_type { }; template<typename _Tp> struct _Reference_type { typedef _Tp& reference; }; template<> struct _Reference_type<void> { typedef _Invalid_type& reference; }; template<> struct _Reference_type<const void> { typedef const _Invalid_type& reference; }; template<> struct _Reference_type<volatile void> { typedef volatile _Invalid_type& reference; }; template<> struct _Reference_type<volatile const void> { typedef const volatile _Invalid_type& reference; }; /* * This structure accommodates the way in which * std::iterator_traits<> is normally specialized for const T, so that value_type is still T. / template<typename _Tp> struct _Unqualified_type { typedef _Tp type; }; template<typename _Tp> struct _Unqualified_type<const _Tp> { typedef _Tp type; }; /* * The following provides an 'alternative pointer' that works with * the containers when specified as the pointer typedef of the * allocator. * * The pointer type used with the containers doesn't have to be this * class, but it must support the implicit conversions, pointer * arithmetic, comparison operators, etc. that are supported by this * class, and avoid raising compile-time ambiguities. Because * creating a working pointer can be challenging, this pointer * template was designed to wrapper an easier storage policy type, * so that it becomes reusable for creating other pointer types. * * A key point of this class is also that it allows container * writers to 'assume' Allocator::pointer is a typedef for a normal * pointer. This class supports most of the conventions of a true * pointer, and can, for instance handle implicit conversion to * const and base class pointer types. The only impositions on * container writers to support extended pointers are: 1) use the * Allocator::pointer typedef appropriately for pointer types. 2) * if you need pointer casting, use the __pointer_cast<> functions * from ext/cast.h. This allows pointer cast operations to be * overloaded as necessary by custom pointers. * * Note: The const qualifier works with this pointer adapter as * follows: * * _Tp* == _Pointer_adapter<_Std_pointer_impl<_Tp> >; * const _Tp* == _Pointer_adapter<_Std_pointer_impl<const _Tp> >; * _Tp* const == const _Pointer_adapter<_Std_pointer_impl<_Tp> >; * const _Tp* const == const _Pointer_adapter<_Std_pointer_impl<const _Tp> >; / template<typename _Storage_policy> class _Pointer_adapter : public _Storage_policy { public: typedef typename _Storage_policy::element_type element_type; // These are needed for iterator_traits typedef std::random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category; typedef typename _Unqualified_type<element_type>::type value_type; typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type; typedef _Pointer_adapter pointer; typedef typename _Reference_type<element_type>::reference reference; // Reminder: 'const' methods mean that the method is valid when the // pointer is immutable, and has nothing to do with whether the // 'pointee' is const. // Default Constructor (Convert from element_type) _Pointer_adapter(element_type* __arg = 0) { _Storage_policy::set(__arg); } // Copy constructor from _Pointer_adapter of same type. _Pointer_adapter(const _Pointer_adapter& __arg) { _Storage_policy::set(__arg.get()); } // Convert from _Up* if conversion to element_type* is valid. template<typename _Up> _Pointer_adapter(_Up* __arg) { _Storage_policy::set(__arg); } // Conversion from another _Pointer_adapter if _Up if static cast is // valid. template<typename _Up> _Pointer_adapter(const _Pointer_adapter<_Up>& __arg) { _Storage_policy::set(__arg.get()); } // Destructor ~_Pointer_adapter() { } // Assignment operator _Pointer_adapter& operator=(const _Pointer_adapter& __arg) { _Storage_policy::set(__arg.get()); return this; } template<typename _Up> _Pointer_adapter& operator=(const _Pointer_adapter<_Up>& __arg) { _Storage_policy::set(__arg.get()); return this; } template<typename _Up> _Pointer_adapter& operator=(_Up* __arg) { _Storage_policy::set(__arg); return this; } // Operator, returns element_type& inline reference operator() const { return (_Storage_policy::get()); } // Operator->, returns element_type* inline element_type* operator->() const { return _Storage_policy::get(); } // Operator[], returns a element_type& to the item at that loc. inline reference operator[](std::ptrdiff_t __index) const { return _Storage_policy::get()[__index]; } // To allow implicit conversion to "bool", for "if (ptr)..." private: typedef element_type(_Pointer_adapter::__unspecified_bool_type)() const; public: operator __unspecified_bool_type() const { return _Storage_policy::get() == 0 ? 0 : &_Pointer_adapter::operator->; } // ! operator (for: if (!ptr)...) inline bool operator!() const { return (_Storage_policy::get() == 0); } // Pointer differences inline friend std::ptrdiff_t operator-(const _Pointer_adapter& __lhs, element_type* __rhs) { return (__lhs.get() - __rhs); } inline friend std::ptrdiff_t operator-(element_type* __lhs, const _Pointer_adapter& __rhs) { return (__lhs - __rhs.get()); } template<typename _Up> inline friend std::ptrdiff_t operator-(const _Pointer_adapter& __lhs, _Up* __rhs) { return (__lhs.get() - __rhs); } template<typename _Up> inline friend std::ptrdiff_t operator-(_Up* __lhs, const _Pointer_adapter& __rhs) { return (__lhs - __rhs.get()); } template<typename _Up> inline std::ptrdiff_t operator-(const _Pointer_adapter<_Up>& __rhs) const { return (_Storage_policy::get() - __rhs.get()); } // Pointer math // Note: There is a reason for all this overloading based on different // integer types. In some libstdc++-v3 test cases, a templated // operator+ is declared which can match any types. This operator // tends to "steal" the recognition of _Pointer_adapter's own operator+ // unless the integer type matches perfectly. #define _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(INT_TYPE) \ inline friend _Pointer_adapter \ operator+(const _Pointer_adapter& __lhs, INT_TYPE __offset) \ { return _Pointer_adapter(__lhs.get() + __offset); } \ \ inline friend _Pointer_adapter \ operator+(INT_TYPE __offset, const _Pointer_adapter& __rhs) \ { return _Pointer_adapter(__rhs.get() + __offset); } \ \ inline friend _Pointer_adapter \ operator-(const _Pointer_adapter& __lhs, INT_TYPE __offset) \ { return _Pointer_adapter(__lhs.get() - __offset); } \ \ inline _Pointer_adapter& \ operator+=(INT_TYPE __offset) \ { \ _Storage_policy::set(_Storage_policy::get() + __offset); \ return this; \ } \ \ inline _Pointer_adapter& \ operator-=(INT_TYPE __offset) \ { \ _Storage_policy::set(_Storage_policy::get() - __offset); \ return this; \ } \ // END of _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET macro // Expand into the various pointer arithmetic operators needed. _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(short); _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(unsigned short); _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(int); _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(unsigned int); _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(long); _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(unsigned long); #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_LONG_LONG _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(long long); _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(unsigned long long); #endif // Mathematical Manipulators inline _Pointer_adapter& operator++() { _Storage_policy::set(_Storage_policy::get() + 1); return this; } inline _Pointer_adapter operator++(int) { _Pointer_adapter __tmp(this); _Storage_policy::set(_Storage_policy::get() + 1); return __tmp; } inline _Pointer_adapter& operator--() { _Storage_policy::set(_Storage_policy::get() - 1); return this; } inline _Pointer_adapter operator--(int) { _Pointer_adapter __tmp(this); _Storage_policy::set(_Storage_policy::get() - 1); return __tmp; } }; // class _Pointer_adapter #define _GCC_CXX_POINTER_COMPARISON_OPERATION_SET(OPERATOR) \ template<typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2> \ inline bool \ operator OPERATOR(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp1>& __lhs, _Tp2 __rhs) \ { return __lhs.get() OPERATOR __rhs; } \ \ template<typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2> \ inline bool \ operator OPERATOR(_Tp1 __lhs, const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp2>& __rhs) \ { return __lhs OPERATOR __rhs.get(); } \ \ template<typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2> \ inline bool \ operator OPERATOR(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp1>& __lhs, \ const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp2>& __rhs) \ { return __lhs.get() OPERATOR __rhs.get(); } \ \ // End GCC_CXX_POINTER_COMPARISON_OPERATION_SET Macro // Expand into the various comparison operators needed. _GCC_CXX_POINTER_COMPARISON_OPERATION_SET(==) _GCC_CXX_POINTER_COMPARISON_OPERATION_SET(!=) _GCC_CXX_POINTER_COMPARISON_OPERATION_SET(<) _GCC_CXX_POINTER_COMPARISON_OPERATION_SET(<=) _GCC_CXX_POINTER_COMPARISON_OPERATION_SET(>) _GCC_CXX_POINTER_COMPARISON_OPERATION_SET(>=) // These are here for expressions like "ptr == 0", "ptr != 0" template<typename _Tp> inline bool operator==(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __lhs, int __rhs) { return __lhs.get() == reinterpret_cast<void>(__rhs); } template<typename _Tp> inline bool operator==(int __lhs, const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __rhs) { return __rhs.get() == reinterpret_cast<void>(__lhs); } template<typename _Tp> inline bool operator!=(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __lhs, int __rhs) { return __lhs.get() != reinterpret_cast<void>(__rhs); } template<typename _Tp> inline bool operator!=(int __lhs, const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __rhs) { return __rhs.get() != reinterpret_cast<void>(__lhs); } /** * Comparison operators for _Pointer_adapter defer to the base class' * comparison operators, when possible. */ template<typename _Tp> inline bool operator==(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __lhs, const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __rhs) { return __lhs._Tp::operator==(__rhs); } template<typename _Tp> inline bool operator<=(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __lhs, const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __rhs) { return __lhs._Tp::operator<(__rhs) \|\| __lhs._Tp::operator==(__rhs); } template<typename _Tp> inline bool operator!=(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __lhs, const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __rhs) { return !(__lhs._Tp::operator==(__rhs)); } template<typename _Tp> inline bool operator>(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __lhs, const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __rhs) { return !(__lhs._Tp::operator<(__rhs) \|\| __lhs._Tp::operator==(__rhs)); } template<typename _Tp> inline bool operator>=(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __lhs, const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __rhs) { return !(__lhs._Tp::operator<(__rhs)); } template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _StoreT> inline std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, const _Pointer_adapter<_StoreT>& __p) { return (__os << __p.get()); } _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION } // namespace #if __cplusplus >= 201103L namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default) { _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION template<typename _Storage_policy> struct pointer_traits<__gnu_cxx::_Pointer_adapter<_Storage_policy>> { /// The pointer type typedef __gnu_cxx::_Pointer_adapter<_Storage_policy> pointer; /// The type pointed to typedef typename pointer::element_type element_type; /// Type used to represent the difference between two pointers typedef typename pointer::difference_type difference_type; template<typename _Up> using rebind = typename __gnu_cxx::_Pointer_adapter< typename pointer_traits<_Storage_policy>::template rebind<_Up>>; static pointer pointer_to(typename pointer::reference __r) noexcept { return pointer(std::addressof(__r)); } }; _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION } // namespace #endif #endif // _POINTER_H Back

Edit File : pointer.h | Size : 19.36 KB

// Custom pointer adapter and sample storage policies

// Copyright (C) 2008-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
// any later version.

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

/**
 *  @file ext/pointer.h
 *  This file is a GNU extension to the Standard C++ Library.
 *
 *  @author Bob Walters
 *
 * Provides reusable _Pointer_adapter for assisting in the development of
 * custom pointer types that can be used with the standard containers via
 * the allocator::pointer and allocator::const_pointer typedefs.
 */

#ifndef _POINTER_H
#define _POINTER_H 1

#pragma GCC system_header

#include <iosfwd>
#include <bits/stl_iterator_base_types.h>
#include <ext/cast.h>
#include <ext/type_traits.h>
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
# include <bits/move.h>
# include <bits/ptr_traits.h>
#endif

namespace __gnu_cxx _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION

/** 
   * @brief A storage policy for use with _Pointer_adapter<> which yields a
   *        standard pointer.
   * 
   *  A _Storage_policy is required to provide 4 things:
   *    1) A get() API for returning the stored pointer value.
   *    2) An set() API for storing a pointer value.
   *    3) An element_type typedef to define the type this points to.
   *    4) An operator<() to support pointer comparison.
   *    5) An operator==() to support pointer comparison.
   */
  template<typename _Tp> 
    class _Std_pointer_impl 
    {
    public:
      // the type this pointer points to.
      typedef _Tp element_type;
  
      // A method to fetch the pointer value as a standard T* value;
      inline _Tp* 
      get() const 
      { return _M_value; }
  
      // A method to set the pointer value, from a standard T* value;
      inline void 
      set(element_type* __arg) 
      { _M_value = __arg; }
  
      // Comparison of pointers
      inline bool
      operator<(const _Std_pointer_impl& __rarg) const
      { return (_M_value < __rarg._M_value); }
  
      inline bool
      operator==(const _Std_pointer_impl& __rarg) const
      { return (_M_value == __rarg._M_value); }

private:
      element_type* _M_value;
    };

/**
   * @brief A storage policy for use with _Pointer_adapter<> which stores
   *        the pointer's address as an offset value which is relative to
   *        its own address.
   * 
   * This is intended for pointers within shared memory regions which
   * might be mapped at different addresses by different processes.
   * For null pointers, a value of 1 is used.  (0 is legitimate
   * sometimes for nodes in circularly linked lists) This value was
   * chosen as the least likely to generate an incorrect null, As
   * there is no reason why any normal pointer would point 1 byte into
   * its own pointer address.
   */
  template<typename _Tp> 
    class _Relative_pointer_impl 
    {
    public:
      typedef _Tp element_type;
  
      _Tp*
      get() const 
      {
        if (_M_diff == 1)
          return 0;
        else
          return reinterpret_cast<_Tp*>(reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(this)
					+ _M_diff);
      }
  
      void 
      set(_Tp* __arg)
      {
        if (!__arg)
          _M_diff = 1;
        else
          _M_diff = reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(__arg) 
                    - reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(this);
      }
  
      // Comparison of pointers
      inline bool
      operator<(const _Relative_pointer_impl& __rarg) const
      { return (reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(this->get())
		< reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(__rarg.get())); }

inline bool
      operator==(const _Relative_pointer_impl& __rarg) const
      { return (reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(this->get())
		== reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(__rarg.get())); }

private:
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_LONG_LONG
      typedef __gnu_cxx::__conditional_type<
	 (sizeof(unsigned long) >= sizeof(void*)),
	 unsigned long, unsigned long long>::__type _UIntPtrType;
#else
      typedef unsigned long _UIntPtrType;
#endif
      _UIntPtrType _M_diff;
    };
  
  /**
   * Relative_pointer_impl needs a specialization for const T because of
   * the casting done during pointer arithmetic.
   */
  template<typename _Tp> 
    class _Relative_pointer_impl<const _Tp> 
    {
    public:
      typedef const _Tp element_type;
  
      const _Tp*
      get() const
      {
        if (_M_diff == 1)
          return 0;
        else
          return reinterpret_cast<const _Tp*>
	      (reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(this) + _M_diff);
      }
  
      void 
      set(const _Tp* __arg)
      {
        if (!__arg)
          _M_diff = 1;
        else
          _M_diff = reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(__arg) 
                    - reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(this);
      }
  
      // Comparison of pointers
      inline bool
      operator<(const _Relative_pointer_impl& __rarg) const
      { return (reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(this->get())
		< reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(__rarg.get())); }

inline bool
      operator==(const _Relative_pointer_impl& __rarg) const
      { return (reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(this->get())
		== reinterpret_cast<_UIntPtrType>(__rarg.get())); }
  
    private:
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_LONG_LONG
      typedef __gnu_cxx::__conditional_type<
	 (sizeof(unsigned long) >= sizeof(void*)),
	 unsigned long, unsigned long long>::__type _UIntPtrType;
#else
      typedef unsigned long _UIntPtrType;
#endif
       _UIntPtrType _M_diff;
    };

/**
   * The specialization on this type helps resolve the problem of
   * reference to void, and eliminates the need to specialize
   * _Pointer_adapter for cases of void*, const void*, and so on.
   */
  struct _Invalid_type { };
  
  template<typename _Tp>
    struct _Reference_type 
    { typedef _Tp& reference; };

template<> 
    struct _Reference_type<void> 
    { typedef _Invalid_type& reference; };

template<> 
    struct _Reference_type<const void> 
    { typedef const _Invalid_type& reference; };

template<> 
    struct _Reference_type<volatile void> 
    { typedef volatile _Invalid_type&  reference; };

template<> 
    struct _Reference_type<volatile const void> 
    { typedef const volatile _Invalid_type&  reference; };

/**
   * This structure accommodates the way in which
   * std::iterator_traits<> is normally specialized for const T*, so
   * that value_type is still T.
   */
  template<typename _Tp> 
    struct _Unqualified_type 
    { typedef _Tp type; };
    
  template<typename _Tp> 
    struct _Unqualified_type<const _Tp> 
    { typedef _Tp type; };
    
  /**
   * The following provides an 'alternative pointer' that works with
   * the containers when specified as the pointer typedef of the
   * allocator.
   *
   * The pointer type used with the containers doesn't have to be this
   * class, but it must support the implicit conversions, pointer
   * arithmetic, comparison operators, etc. that are supported by this
   * class, and avoid raising compile-time ambiguities.  Because
   * creating a working pointer can be challenging, this pointer
   * template was designed to wrapper an easier storage policy type,
   * so that it becomes reusable for creating other pointer types.
   *
   * A key point of this class is also that it allows container
   * writers to 'assume' Allocator::pointer is a typedef for a normal
   * pointer.  This class supports most of the conventions of a true
   * pointer, and can, for instance handle implicit conversion to
   * const and base class pointer types.  The only impositions on
   * container writers to support extended pointers are: 1) use the
   * Allocator::pointer typedef appropriately for pointer types.  2)
   * if you need pointer casting, use the __pointer_cast<> functions
   * from ext/cast.h.  This allows pointer cast operations to be
   * overloaded as necessary by custom pointers.
   *
   * Note: The const qualifier works with this pointer adapter as
   * follows:
   *
   * _Tp*             == _Pointer_adapter<_Std_pointer_impl<_Tp> >;
   * const _Tp*       == _Pointer_adapter<_Std_pointer_impl<const _Tp> >;
   * _Tp* const       == const _Pointer_adapter<_Std_pointer_impl<_Tp> >;
   * const _Tp* const == const _Pointer_adapter<_Std_pointer_impl<const _Tp> >;
   */
  template<typename _Storage_policy>
    class _Pointer_adapter : public _Storage_policy 
    {
    public:
      typedef typename _Storage_policy::element_type element_type;

// These are needed for iterator_traits
      typedef std::random_access_iterator_tag                iterator_category;
      typedef typename _Unqualified_type<element_type>::type value_type;
      typedef std::ptrdiff_t                                 difference_type;
      typedef _Pointer_adapter                               pointer;
      typedef typename _Reference_type<element_type>::reference  reference;

// Reminder: 'const' methods mean that the method is valid when the 
      // pointer is immutable, and has nothing to do with whether the 
      // 'pointee' is const.

// Default Constructor (Convert from element_type*)
      _Pointer_adapter(element_type* __arg = 0)
      { _Storage_policy::set(__arg); }

// Copy constructor from _Pointer_adapter of same type.
      _Pointer_adapter(const _Pointer_adapter& __arg) 
      { _Storage_policy::set(__arg.get()); }

// Convert from _Up* if conversion to element_type* is valid.
      template<typename _Up>
        _Pointer_adapter(_Up* __arg)
        { _Storage_policy::set(__arg); }

// Conversion from another _Pointer_adapter if _Up if static cast is
      // valid.
      template<typename _Up>
        _Pointer_adapter(const _Pointer_adapter<_Up>& __arg)
        { _Storage_policy::set(__arg.get()); }

// Destructor
      ~_Pointer_adapter() { }
  
      // Assignment operator
      _Pointer_adapter&
      operator=(const _Pointer_adapter& __arg) 
      {
        _Storage_policy::set(__arg.get()); 
        return *this; 
      }

template<typename _Up>
        _Pointer_adapter&
        operator=(const _Pointer_adapter<_Up>& __arg)
        {
          _Storage_policy::set(__arg.get()); 
          return *this; 
        }

template<typename _Up>
        _Pointer_adapter&
        operator=(_Up* __arg)
        {
          _Storage_policy::set(__arg); 
          return *this; 
        }

// Operator*, returns element_type&
      inline reference 
      operator*() const 
      { return *(_Storage_policy::get()); }

// Operator->, returns element_type*
      inline element_type* 
      operator->() const 
      { return _Storage_policy::get(); }

// Operator[], returns a element_type& to the item at that loc.
      inline reference
      operator[](std::ptrdiff_t __index) const
      { return _Storage_policy::get()[__index]; }

// To allow implicit conversion to "bool", for "if (ptr)..."
    private:
      typedef element_type*(_Pointer_adapter::*__unspecified_bool_type)() const;

public:
      operator __unspecified_bool_type() const
      {
        return _Storage_policy::get() == 0 ? 0 : 
                         &_Pointer_adapter::operator->; 
      }

// ! operator (for: if (!ptr)...)
      inline bool
      operator!() const 
      { return (_Storage_policy::get() == 0); }
  
      // Pointer differences
      inline friend std::ptrdiff_t 
      operator-(const _Pointer_adapter& __lhs, element_type* __rhs) 
      { return (__lhs.get() - __rhs); }
  
      inline friend std::ptrdiff_t 
      operator-(element_type* __lhs, const _Pointer_adapter& __rhs) 
      { return (__lhs - __rhs.get()); }
  
      template<typename _Up>
        inline friend std::ptrdiff_t 
        operator-(const _Pointer_adapter& __lhs, _Up* __rhs) 
        { return (__lhs.get() - __rhs); }
    
      template<typename _Up>
        inline friend std::ptrdiff_t 
        operator-(_Up* __lhs, const _Pointer_adapter& __rhs)
        { return (__lhs - __rhs.get()); }

template<typename _Up>
        inline std::ptrdiff_t 
        operator-(const _Pointer_adapter<_Up>& __rhs) const 
        { return (_Storage_policy::get() - __rhs.get()); }
  
      // Pointer math
      // Note: There is a reason for all this overloading based on different
      // integer types.  In some libstdc++-v3 test cases, a templated
      // operator+ is declared which can match any types.  This operator
      // tends to "steal" the recognition of _Pointer_adapter's own operator+ 
      // unless the integer type matches perfectly.

#define _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(INT_TYPE) \
      inline friend _Pointer_adapter \
      operator+(const _Pointer_adapter& __lhs, INT_TYPE __offset) \
      { return _Pointer_adapter(__lhs.get() + __offset); } \
\
      inline friend _Pointer_adapter \
      operator+(INT_TYPE __offset, const _Pointer_adapter& __rhs) \
      { return _Pointer_adapter(__rhs.get() + __offset); } \
\
      inline friend _Pointer_adapter \
      operator-(const _Pointer_adapter& __lhs, INT_TYPE __offset) \
      { return _Pointer_adapter(__lhs.get() - __offset); } \
\
      inline _Pointer_adapter& \
      operator+=(INT_TYPE __offset) \
      { \
        _Storage_policy::set(_Storage_policy::get() + __offset); \
        return *this; \
      } \
\
      inline _Pointer_adapter& \
      operator-=(INT_TYPE __offset) \
      { \
        _Storage_policy::set(_Storage_policy::get() - __offset); \
        return *this; \
      } \
// END of _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET macro
  
      // Expand into the various pointer arithmetic operators needed.
      _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(short);
      _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(unsigned short);
      _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(int);
      _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(unsigned int);
      _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(long);
      _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(unsigned long);
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_LONG_LONG
      _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(long long);
      _CXX_POINTER_ARITH_OPERATOR_SET(unsigned long long);
#endif

// Mathematical Manipulators
      inline _Pointer_adapter& 
      operator++()
      {
        _Storage_policy::set(_Storage_policy::get() + 1); 
        return *this;
      }
  
      inline _Pointer_adapter 
      operator++(int)
      {
        _Pointer_adapter __tmp(*this);
        _Storage_policy::set(_Storage_policy::get() + 1);
        return __tmp;
      }
  
      inline _Pointer_adapter& 
      operator--() 
      {
        _Storage_policy::set(_Storage_policy::get() - 1); 
        return *this;
      }
  
      inline _Pointer_adapter
      operator--(int) 
      {
        _Pointer_adapter __tmp(*this);
        _Storage_policy::set(_Storage_policy::get() - 1);
        return __tmp;
      }
  
    }; // class _Pointer_adapter

#define _GCC_CXX_POINTER_COMPARISON_OPERATION_SET(OPERATOR) \
  template<typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2> \
    inline bool \
    operator OPERATOR(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp1>& __lhs, _Tp2 __rhs) \
    { return __lhs.get() OPERATOR __rhs; } \
\
  template<typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2> \
    inline bool \
    operator OPERATOR(_Tp1 __lhs, const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp2>& __rhs) \
    { return __lhs OPERATOR __rhs.get(); } \
\
  template<typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2> \
    inline bool \
    operator OPERATOR(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp1>& __lhs, \
                              const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp2>& __rhs) \
    { return __lhs.get() OPERATOR __rhs.get(); } \
\
// End GCC_CXX_POINTER_COMPARISON_OPERATION_SET Macro
  
  // Expand into the various comparison operators needed.
  _GCC_CXX_POINTER_COMPARISON_OPERATION_SET(==)
  _GCC_CXX_POINTER_COMPARISON_OPERATION_SET(!=)
  _GCC_CXX_POINTER_COMPARISON_OPERATION_SET(<)
  _GCC_CXX_POINTER_COMPARISON_OPERATION_SET(<=)
  _GCC_CXX_POINTER_COMPARISON_OPERATION_SET(>)
  _GCC_CXX_POINTER_COMPARISON_OPERATION_SET(>=)

// These are here for expressions like "ptr == 0", "ptr != 0"
  template<typename _Tp>
    inline bool
    operator==(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __lhs, int __rhs)
    { return __lhs.get() == reinterpret_cast<void*>(__rhs); }

template<typename _Tp>
    inline bool
    operator==(int __lhs, const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __rhs)
    { return __rhs.get() == reinterpret_cast<void*>(__lhs); }

template<typename _Tp>
    inline bool
    operator!=(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __lhs, int __rhs)
    { return __lhs.get() != reinterpret_cast<void*>(__rhs); }

template<typename _Tp>
    inline bool
    operator!=(int __lhs, const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __rhs)
    { return __rhs.get() != reinterpret_cast<void*>(__lhs); }

/**
   * Comparison operators for _Pointer_adapter defer to the base class'
   * comparison operators, when possible.
   */
  template<typename _Tp>
    inline bool
    operator==(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __lhs, 
               const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __rhs)
    { return __lhs._Tp::operator==(__rhs); }

template<typename _Tp>
    inline bool
    operator<=(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __lhs, 
               const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __rhs)
    { return __lhs._Tp::operator<(__rhs) || __lhs._Tp::operator==(__rhs); }

template<typename _Tp>
    inline bool
    operator!=(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __lhs, 
               const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __rhs)
    { return !(__lhs._Tp::operator==(__rhs)); }

template<typename _Tp>
    inline bool
    operator>(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __lhs, 
              const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __rhs)
    { return !(__lhs._Tp::operator<(__rhs) || __lhs._Tp::operator==(__rhs)); }

template<typename _Tp>
    inline bool
    operator>=(const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __lhs, 
               const _Pointer_adapter<_Tp>& __rhs)
    { return !(__lhs._Tp::operator<(__rhs)); }

template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _StoreT>
    inline std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
    operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
               const _Pointer_adapter<_StoreT>& __p)
    { return (__os << __p.get()); }

_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
} // namespace

#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION

template<typename _Storage_policy>
    struct pointer_traits<__gnu_cxx::_Pointer_adapter<_Storage_policy>>
    {
      /// The pointer type
      typedef __gnu_cxx::_Pointer_adapter<_Storage_policy>         pointer;
      /// The type pointed to
      typedef typename pointer::element_type            element_type;
      /// Type used to represent the difference between two pointers
      typedef typename pointer::difference_type         difference_type;

template<typename _Up>
        using rebind = typename __gnu_cxx::_Pointer_adapter<
	typename pointer_traits<_Storage_policy>::template rebind<_Up>>;

static pointer pointer_to(typename pointer::reference __r) noexcept
      { return pointer(std::addressof(__r)); }
    };

_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
} // namespace
#endif

#endif // _POINTER_H

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