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Edit File : rfc2396_parser.rb \| Size : 17.04 KB
# frozen_string_literal: false #-- # = uri/common.rb # # Author:: Akira Yamada <akira@ruby-lang.org> # License:: # You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same term as Ruby. # # See URI for general documentation # module URI # # Includes URI::REGEXP::PATTERN # module RFC2396_REGEXP # # Patterns used to parse URI's # module PATTERN # :stopdoc: # RFC 2396 (URI Generic Syntax) # RFC 2732 (IPv6 Literal Addresses in URL's) # RFC 2373 (IPv6 Addressing Architecture) # alpha = lowalpha \| upalpha ALPHA = "a-zA-Z" # alphanum = alpha \| digit ALNUM = "#{ALPHA}\\d" # hex = digit \| "A" \| "B" \| "C" \| "D" \| "E" \| "F" \| # "a" \| "b" \| "c" \| "d" \| "e" \| "f" HEX = "a-fA-F\\d" # escaped = "%" hex hex ESCAPED = "%[#{HEX}]{2}" # mark = "-" \| "_" \| "." \| "!" \| "~" \| "" \| "'" \| # "(" \| ")" # unreserved = alphanum \| mark UNRESERVED = "\\-_.!~'()#{ALNUM}" # reserved = ";" \| "/" \| "?" \| ":" \| "@" \| "&" \| "=" \| "+" \| # "$" \| "," # reserved = ";" \| "/" \| "?" \| ":" \| "@" \| "&" \| "=" \| "+" \| # "$" \| "," \| "[" \| "]" (RFC 2732) RESERVED = ";/?:@&=+$,\\[\\]" # domainlabel = alphanum \| alphanum ( alphanum \| "-" ) alphanum DOMLABEL = "(?:[#{ALNUM}](?:[-#{ALNUM}][#{ALNUM}])?)" # toplabel = alpha \| alpha ( alphanum \| "-" ) alphanum TOPLABEL = "(?:[#{ALPHA}](?:[-#{ALNUM}][#{ALNUM}])?)" # hostname = ( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ] HOSTNAME = "(?:#{DOMLABEL}\\.)#{TOPLABEL}\\.?" # :startdoc: end # PATTERN # :startdoc: end # REGEXP # Class that parses String's into URI's. # # It contains a Hash set of patterns and Regexp's that match and validate. # class RFC2396_Parser include RFC2396_REGEXP # # == Synopsis # # URI::Parser.new([opts]) # # == Args # # The constructor accepts a hash as options for parser. # Keys of options are pattern names of URI components # and values of options are pattern strings. # The constructor generates set of regexps for parsing URIs. # # You can use the following keys: # # * :ESCAPED (URI::PATTERN::ESCAPED in default) # * :UNRESERVED (URI::PATTERN::UNRESERVED in default) # * :DOMLABEL (URI::PATTERN::DOMLABEL in default) # * :TOPLABEL (URI::PATTERN::TOPLABEL in default) # * :HOSTNAME (URI::PATTERN::HOSTNAME in default) # # == Examples # # p = URI::Parser.new(:ESCAPED => "(?:%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}\|%u[a-fA-F0-9]{4})") # u = p.parse("http://example.jp/%uABCD") #=> #<URI::HTTP http://example.jp/%uABCD> # URI.parse(u.to_s) #=> raises URI::InvalidURIError # # s = "http://example.com/ABCD" # u1 = p.parse(s) #=> #<URI::HTTP http://example.com/ABCD> # u2 = URI.parse(s) #=> #<URI::HTTP http://example.com/ABCD> # u1 == u2 #=> true # u1.eql?(u2) #=> false # def initialize(opts = {}) @pattern = initialize_pattern(opts) @pattern.each_value(&:freeze) @pattern.freeze @regexp = initialize_regexp(@pattern) @regexp.each_value(&:freeze) @regexp.freeze end # The Hash of patterns. # # See also URI::Parser.initialize_pattern. attr_reader :pattern # The Hash of Regexp. # # See also URI::Parser.initialize_regexp. attr_reader :regexp # Returns a split URI against +regexp[:ABS_URI]+. def split(uri) case uri when '' # null uri when @regexp[:ABS_URI] scheme, opaque, userinfo, host, port, registry, path, query, fragment = $~[1..-1] # URI-reference = [ absoluteURI \| relativeURI ] [ "#" fragment ] # absoluteURI = scheme ":" ( hier_part \| opaque_part ) # hier_part = ( net_path \| abs_path ) [ "?" query ] # opaque_part = uric_no_slash uric # abs_path = "/" path_segments # net_path = "//" authority [ abs_path ] # authority = server \| reg_name # server = [ [ userinfo "@" ] hostport ] if !scheme raise InvalidURIError, "bad URI(absolute but no scheme): #{uri}" end if !opaque && (!path && (!host && !registry)) raise InvalidURIError, "bad URI(absolute but no path): #{uri}" end when @regexp[:REL_URI] scheme = nil opaque = nil userinfo, host, port, registry, rel_segment, abs_path, query, fragment = $~[1..-1] if rel_segment && abs_path path = rel_segment + abs_path elsif rel_segment path = rel_segment elsif abs_path path = abs_path end # URI-reference = [ absoluteURI \| relativeURI ] [ "#" fragment ] # relativeURI = ( net_path \| abs_path \| rel_path ) [ "?" query ] # net_path = "//" authority [ abs_path ] # abs_path = "/" path_segments # rel_path = rel_segment [ abs_path ] # authority = server \| reg_name # server = [ [ userinfo "@" ] hostport ] else raise InvalidURIError, "bad URI(is not URI?): #{uri}" end path = '' if !path && !opaque # (see RFC2396 Section 5.2) ret = [ scheme, userinfo, host, port, # X registry, # X path, # Y opaque, # Y query, fragment ] return ret end # # == Args # # +uri+:: # String # # == Description # # Parses +uri+ and constructs either matching URI scheme object # (File, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, LDAP, LDAPS, or MailTo) or URI::Generic. # # == Usage # # p = URI::Parser.new # p.parse("ldap://ldap.example.com/dc=example?user=john") # #=> #<URI::LDAP ldap://ldap.example.com/dc=example?user=john> # def parse(uri) URI.for(self.split(uri), self) end # # == Args # # +uris+:: # an Array of Strings # # == Description # # Attempts to parse and merge a set of URIs. # def join(uris) uris[0] = convert_to_uri(uris[0]) uris.inject :merge end # # :call-seq: # extract( str ) # extract( str, schemes ) # extract( str, schemes ) {\|item\| block } # # == Args # # +str+:: # String to search # +schemes+:: # Patterns to apply to +str+ # # == Description # # Attempts to parse and merge a set of URIs. # If no +block+ given, then returns the result, # else it calls +block+ for each element in result. # # See also URI::Parser.make_regexp. # def extract(str, schemes = nil) if block_given? str.scan(make_regexp(schemes)) { yield $& } nil else result = [] str.scan(make_regexp(schemes)) { result.push $& } result end end # Returns Regexp that is default +self.regexp[:ABS_URI_REF]+, # unless +schemes+ is provided. Then it is a Regexp.union with +self.pattern[:X_ABS_URI]+. def make_regexp(schemes = nil) unless schemes @regexp[:ABS_URI_REF] else /(?=#{Regexp.union(schemes)}:)#{@pattern[:X_ABS_URI]}/x end end # # :call-seq: # escape( str ) # escape( str, unsafe ) # # == Args # # +str+:: # String to make safe # +unsafe+:: # Regexp to apply. Defaults to +self.regexp[:UNSAFE]+ # # == Description # # Constructs a safe String from +str+, removing unsafe characters, # replacing them with codes. # def escape(str, unsafe = @regexp[:UNSAFE]) unless unsafe.kind_of?(Regexp) # perhaps unsafe is String object unsafe = Regexp.new("[#{Regexp.quote(unsafe)}]", false) end str.gsub(unsafe) do us = $& tmp = '' us.each_byte do \|uc\| tmp << sprintf('%%%02X', uc) end tmp end.force_encoding(Encoding::US_ASCII) end # # :call-seq: # unescape( str ) # unescape( str, escaped ) # # == Args # # +str+:: # String to remove escapes from # +escaped+:: # Regexp to apply. Defaults to +self.regexp[:ESCAPED]+ # # == Description # # Removes escapes from +str+. # def unescape(str, escaped = @regexp[:ESCAPED]) enc = str.encoding enc = Encoding::UTF_8 if enc == Encoding::US_ASCII str.gsub(escaped) { [$&[1, 2]].pack('H2').force_encoding(enc) } end @@to_s = Kernel.instance_method(:to_s) if @@to_s.respond_to?(:bind_call) def inspect @@to_s.bind_call(self) end else def inspect @@to_s.bind(self).call end end private # Constructs the default Hash of patterns. def initialize_pattern(opts = {}) ret = {} ret[:ESCAPED] = escaped = (opts.delete(:ESCAPED) \|\| PATTERN::ESCAPED) ret[:UNRESERVED] = unreserved = opts.delete(:UNRESERVED) \|\| PATTERN::UNRESERVED ret[:RESERVED] = reserved = opts.delete(:RESERVED) \|\| PATTERN::RESERVED ret[:DOMLABEL] = opts.delete(:DOMLABEL) \|\| PATTERN::DOMLABEL ret[:TOPLABEL] = opts.delete(:TOPLABEL) \|\| PATTERN::TOPLABEL ret[:HOSTNAME] = hostname = opts.delete(:HOSTNAME) # RFC 2396 (URI Generic Syntax) # RFC 2732 (IPv6 Literal Addresses in URL's) # RFC 2373 (IPv6 Addressing Architecture) # uric = reserved \| unreserved \| escaped ret[:URIC] = uric = "(?:[#{unreserved}#{reserved}]\|#{escaped})" # uric_no_slash = unreserved \| escaped \| ";" \| "?" \| ":" \| "@" \| # "&" \| "=" \| "+" \| "$" \| "," ret[:URIC_NO_SLASH] = uric_no_slash = "(?:[#{unreserved};?:@&=+$,]\|#{escaped})" # query = uric ret[:QUERY] = query = "#{uric}" # fragment = uric ret[:FRAGMENT] = fragment = "#{uric}" # hostname = ( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ] # reg-name = ( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims ) # RFC3986 unless hostname ret[:HOSTNAME] = hostname = "(?:[a-zA-Z0-9\\-.]\|%\\h\\h)+" end # RFC 2373, APPENDIX B: # IPv6address = hexpart [ ":" IPv4address ] # IPv4address = 13DIGIT "." 13DIGIT "." 13DIGIT "." 13DIGIT # hexpart = hexseq \| hexseq "::" [ hexseq ] \| "::" [ hexseq ] # hexseq = hex4 ( ":" hex4) # hex4 = 14HEXDIG # # XXX: This definition has a flaw. "::" + IPv4address must be # allowed too. Here is a replacement. # # IPv4address = 13DIGIT "." 13DIGIT "." 13DIGIT "." 13DIGIT ret[:IPV4ADDR] = ipv4addr = "\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}" # hex4 = 14HEXDIG hex4 = "[#{PATTERN::HEX}]{1,4}" # lastpart = hex4 \| IPv4address lastpart = "(?:#{hex4}\|#{ipv4addr})" # hexseq1 = ( hex4 ":" ) hex4 hexseq1 = "(?:#{hex4}:)#{hex4}" # hexseq2 = ( hex4 ":" ) lastpart hexseq2 = "(?:#{hex4}:)#{lastpart}" # IPv6address = hexseq2 \| [ hexseq1 ] "::" [ hexseq2 ] ret[:IPV6ADDR] = ipv6addr = "(?:#{hexseq2}\|(?:#{hexseq1})?::(?:#{hexseq2})?)" # IPv6prefix = ( hexseq1 \| [ hexseq1 ] "::" [ hexseq1 ] ) "/" 12DIGIT # unused # ipv6reference = "[" IPv6address "]" (RFC 2732) ret[:IPV6REF] = ipv6ref = "\\[#{ipv6addr}\\]" # host = hostname \| IPv4address # host = hostname \| IPv4address \| IPv6reference (RFC 2732) ret[:HOST] = host = "(?:#{hostname}\|#{ipv4addr}\|#{ipv6ref})" # port = digit ret[:PORT] = port = '\d' # hostport = host [ ":" port ] ret[:HOSTPORT] = hostport = "#{host}(?::#{port})?" # userinfo = ( unreserved \| escaped \| # ";" \| ":" \| "&" \| "=" \| "+" \| "$" \| "," ) ret[:USERINFO] = userinfo = "(?:[#{unreserved};:&=+$,]\|#{escaped})" # pchar = unreserved \| escaped \| # ":" \| "@" \| "&" \| "=" \| "+" \| "$" \| "," pchar = "(?:[#{unreserved}:@&=+$,]\|#{escaped})" # param = pchar param = "#{pchar}" # segment = pchar ( ";" param ) segment = "#{pchar}(?:;#{param})" # path_segments = segment ( "/" segment ) ret[:PATH_SEGMENTS] = path_segments = "#{segment}(?:/#{segment})" # server = [ [ userinfo "@" ] hostport ] server = "(?:#{userinfo}@)?#{hostport}" # reg_name = 1( unreserved \| escaped \| "$" \| "," \| # ";" \| ":" \| "@" \| "&" \| "=" \| "+" ) ret[:REG_NAME] = reg_name = "(?:[#{unreserved}$,;:@&=+]\|#{escaped})+" # authority = server \| reg_name authority = "(?:#{server}\|#{reg_name})" # rel_segment = 1( unreserved \| escaped \| # ";" \| "@" \| "&" \| "=" \| "+" \| "$" \| "," ) ret[:REL_SEGMENT] = rel_segment = "(?:[#{unreserved};@&=+$,]\|#{escaped})+" # scheme = alpha ( alpha \| digit \| "+" \| "-" \| "." ) ret[:SCHEME] = scheme = "[#{PATTERN::ALPHA}][\\-+.#{PATTERN::ALPHA}\\d]" # abs_path = "/" path_segments ret[:ABS_PATH] = abs_path = "/#{path_segments}" # rel_path = rel_segment [ abs_path ] ret[:REL_PATH] = rel_path = "#{rel_segment}(?:#{abs_path})?" # net_path = "//" authority [ abs_path ] ret[:NET_PATH] = net_path = "//#{authority}(?:#{abs_path})?" # hier_part = ( net_path \| abs_path ) [ "?" query ] ret[:HIER_PART] = hier_part = "(?:#{net_path}\|#{abs_path})(?:\\?(?:#{query}))?" # opaque_part = uric_no_slash uric ret[:OPAQUE_PART] = opaque_part = "#{uric_no_slash}#{uric}" # absoluteURI = scheme ":" ( hier_part \| opaque_part ) ret[:ABS_URI] = abs_uri = "#{scheme}:(?:#{hier_part}\|#{opaque_part})" # relativeURI = ( net_path \| abs_path \| rel_path ) [ "?" query ] ret[:REL_URI] = rel_uri = "(?:#{net_path}\|#{abs_path}\|#{rel_path})(?:\\?#{query})?" # URI-reference = [ absoluteURI \| relativeURI ] [ "#" fragment ] ret[:URI_REF] = "(?:#{abs_uri}\|#{rel_uri})?(?:##{fragment})?" ret[:X_ABS_URI] = " (#{scheme}): (?# 1: scheme) (?: (#{opaque_part}) (?# 2: opaque) \| (?:(?: //(?: (?:(?:(#{userinfo})@)? (?# 3: userinfo) (?:(#{host})(?::(\\d))?))? (?# 4: host, 5: port) \| (#{reg_name}) (?# 6: registry) ) \| (?!//)) (?# XXX: '//' is the mark for hostport) (#{abs_path})? (?# 7: path) )(?:\\?(#{query}))? (?# 8: query) ) (?:\\#(#{fragment}))? (?# 9: fragment) " ret[:X_REL_URI] = " (?: (?: // (?: (?:(#{userinfo})@)? (?# 1: userinfo) (#{host})?(?::(\\d))? (?# 2: host, 3: port) \| (#{reg_name}) (?# 4: registry) ) ) \| (#{rel_segment}) (?# 5: rel_segment) )? (#{abs_path})? (?# 6: abs_path) (?:\\?(#{query}))? (?# 7: query) (?:\\#(#{fragment}))? (?# 8: fragment) " ret end # Constructs the default Hash of Regexp's. def initialize_regexp(pattern) ret = {} # for URI::split ret[:ABS_URI] = Regexp.new('\A\s+' + pattern[:X_ABS_URI] + '\s\z', Regexp::EXTENDED) ret[:REL_URI] = Regexp.new('\A\s+' + pattern[:X_REL_URI] + '\s\z', Regexp::EXTENDED) # for URI::extract ret[:URI_REF] = Regexp.new(pattern[:URI_REF]) ret[:ABS_URI_REF] = Regexp.new(pattern[:X_ABS_URI], Regexp::EXTENDED) ret[:REL_URI_REF] = Regexp.new(pattern[:X_REL_URI], Regexp::EXTENDED) # for URI::escape/unescape ret[:ESCAPED] = Regexp.new(pattern[:ESCAPED]) ret[:UNSAFE] = Regexp.new("[^#{pattern[:UNRESERVED]}#{pattern[:RESERVED]}]") # for Generic#initialize ret[:SCHEME] = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:SCHEME]}\\z") ret[:USERINFO] = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:USERINFO]}\\z") ret[:HOST] = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:HOST]}\\z") ret[:PORT] = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:PORT]}\\z") ret[:OPAQUE] = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:OPAQUE_PART]}\\z") ret[:REGISTRY] = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:REG_NAME]}\\z") ret[:ABS_PATH] = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:ABS_PATH]}\\z") ret[:REL_PATH] = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:REL_PATH]}\\z") ret[:QUERY] = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:QUERY]}\\z") ret[:FRAGMENT] = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:FRAGMENT]}\\z") ret end def convert_to_uri(uri) if uri.is_a?(URI::Generic) uri elsif uri = String.try_convert(uri) parse(uri) else raise ArgumentError, "bad argument (expected URI object or URI string)" end end end # class Parser end # module URI Back

Edit File : rfc2396_parser.rb | Size : 17.04 KB

# frozen_string_literal: false
#--
# = uri/common.rb
#
# Author:: Akira Yamada <akira@ruby-lang.org>
# License::
#   You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same term as Ruby.
#
# See URI for general documentation
#

module URI
  #
  # Includes URI::REGEXP::PATTERN
  #
  module RFC2396_REGEXP
    #
    # Patterns used to parse URI's
    #
    module PATTERN
      # :stopdoc:

# RFC 2396 (URI Generic Syntax)
      # RFC 2732 (IPv6 Literal Addresses in URL's)
      # RFC 2373 (IPv6 Addressing Architecture)

# alpha         = lowalpha | upalpha
      ALPHA = "a-zA-Z"
      # alphanum      = alpha | digit
      ALNUM = "#{ALPHA}\\d"

# hex           = digit | "A" | "B" | "C" | "D" | "E" | "F" |
      #                         "a" | "b" | "c" | "d" | "e" | "f"
      HEX     = "a-fA-F\\d"
      # escaped       = "%" hex hex
      ESCAPED = "%[#{HEX}]{2}"
      # mark          = "-" | "_" | "." | "!" | "~" | "*" | "'" |
      #                 "(" | ")"
      # unreserved    = alphanum | mark
      UNRESERVED = "\\-_.!~*'()#{ALNUM}"
      # reserved      = ";" | "/" | "?" | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" |
      #                 "$" | ","
      # reserved      = ";" | "/" | "?" | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" |
      #                 "$" | "," | "[" | "]" (RFC 2732)
      RESERVED = ";/?:@&=+$,\\[\\]"

# domainlabel   = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
      DOMLABEL = "(?:[#{ALNUM}](?:[-#{ALNUM}]*[#{ALNUM}])?)"
      # toplabel      = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
      TOPLABEL = "(?:[#{ALPHA}](?:[-#{ALNUM}]*[#{ALNUM}])?)"
      # hostname      = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ]
      HOSTNAME = "(?:#{DOMLABEL}\\.)*#{TOPLABEL}\\.?"

# :startdoc:
    end # PATTERN

# :startdoc:
  end # REGEXP

# Class that parses String's into URI's.
  #
  # It contains a Hash set of patterns and Regexp's that match and validate.
  #
  class RFC2396_Parser
    include RFC2396_REGEXP

#
    # == Synopsis
    #
    #   URI::Parser.new([opts])
    #
    # == Args
    #
    # The constructor accepts a hash as options for parser.
    # Keys of options are pattern names of URI components
    # and values of options are pattern strings.
    # The constructor generates set of regexps for parsing URIs.
    #
    # You can use the following keys:
    #
    #   * :ESCAPED (URI::PATTERN::ESCAPED in default)
    #   * :UNRESERVED (URI::PATTERN::UNRESERVED in default)
    #   * :DOMLABEL (URI::PATTERN::DOMLABEL in default)
    #   * :TOPLABEL (URI::PATTERN::TOPLABEL in default)
    #   * :HOSTNAME (URI::PATTERN::HOSTNAME in default)
    #
    # == Examples
    #
    #   p = URI::Parser.new(:ESCAPED => "(?:%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}|%u[a-fA-F0-9]{4})")
    #   u = p.parse("http://example.jp/%uABCD") #=> #<URI::HTTP http://example.jp/%uABCD>
    #   URI.parse(u.to_s) #=> raises URI::InvalidURIError
    #
    #   s = "http://example.com/ABCD"
    #   u1 = p.parse(s) #=> #<URI::HTTP http://example.com/ABCD>
    #   u2 = URI.parse(s) #=> #<URI::HTTP http://example.com/ABCD>
    #   u1 == u2 #=> true
    #   u1.eql?(u2) #=> false
    #
    def initialize(opts = {})
      @pattern = initialize_pattern(opts)
      @pattern.each_value(&:freeze)
      @pattern.freeze

@regexp = initialize_regexp(@pattern)
      @regexp.each_value(&:freeze)
      @regexp.freeze
    end

# The Hash of patterns.
    #
    # See also URI::Parser.initialize_pattern.
    attr_reader :pattern

# The Hash of Regexp.
    #
    # See also URI::Parser.initialize_regexp.
    attr_reader :regexp

# Returns a split URI against +regexp[:ABS_URI]+.
    def split(uri)
      case uri
      when ''
        # null uri

when @regexp[:ABS_URI]
        scheme, opaque, userinfo, host, port,
          registry, path, query, fragment = $~[1..-1]

# URI-reference = [ absoluteURI | relativeURI ] [ "#" fragment ]

# absoluteURI   = scheme ":" ( hier_part | opaque_part )
        # hier_part     = ( net_path | abs_path ) [ "?" query ]
        # opaque_part   = uric_no_slash *uric

# abs_path      = "/"  path_segments
        # net_path      = "//" authority [ abs_path ]

# authority     = server | reg_name
        # server        = [ [ userinfo "@" ] hostport ]

if !scheme
          raise InvalidURIError,
            "bad URI(absolute but no scheme): #{uri}"
        end
        if !opaque && (!path && (!host && !registry))
          raise InvalidURIError,
            "bad URI(absolute but no path): #{uri}"
        end

when @regexp[:REL_URI]
        scheme = nil
        opaque = nil

userinfo, host, port, registry,
          rel_segment, abs_path, query, fragment = $~[1..-1]
        if rel_segment && abs_path
          path = rel_segment + abs_path
        elsif rel_segment
          path = rel_segment
        elsif abs_path
          path = abs_path
        end

# URI-reference = [ absoluteURI | relativeURI ] [ "#" fragment ]

# relativeURI   = ( net_path | abs_path | rel_path ) [ "?" query ]

# net_path      = "//" authority [ abs_path ]
        # abs_path      = "/"  path_segments
        # rel_path      = rel_segment [ abs_path ]

# authority     = server | reg_name
        # server        = [ [ userinfo "@" ] hostport ]

else
        raise InvalidURIError, "bad URI(is not URI?): #{uri}"
      end

path = '' if !path && !opaque # (see RFC2396 Section 5.2)
      ret = [
        scheme,
        userinfo, host, port,         # X
        registry,                     # X
        path,                         # Y
        opaque,                       # Y
        query,
        fragment
      ]
      return ret
    end

#
    # == Args
    #
    # +uri+::
    #    String
    #
    # == Description
    #
    # Parses +uri+ and constructs either matching URI scheme object
    # (File, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, LDAP, LDAPS, or MailTo) or URI::Generic.
    #
    # == Usage
    #
    #   p = URI::Parser.new
    #   p.parse("ldap://ldap.example.com/dc=example?user=john")
    #   #=> #<URI::LDAP ldap://ldap.example.com/dc=example?user=john>
    #
    def parse(uri)
      URI.for(*self.split(uri), self)
    end

#
    # == Args
    #
    # +uris+::
    #    an Array of Strings
    #
    # == Description
    #
    # Attempts to parse and merge a set of URIs.
    #
    def join(*uris)
      uris[0] = convert_to_uri(uris[0])
      uris.inject :merge
    end

#
    # :call-seq:
    #   extract( str )
    #   extract( str, schemes )
    #   extract( str, schemes ) {|item| block }
    #
    # == Args
    #
    # +str+::
    #    String to search
    # +schemes+::
    #    Patterns to apply to +str+
    #
    # == Description
    #
    # Attempts to parse and merge a set of URIs.
    # If no +block+ given, then returns the result,
    # else it calls +block+ for each element in result.
    #
    # See also URI::Parser.make_regexp.
    #
    def extract(str, schemes = nil)
      if block_given?
        str.scan(make_regexp(schemes)) { yield $& }
        nil
      else
        result = []
        str.scan(make_regexp(schemes)) { result.push $& }
        result
      end
    end

# Returns Regexp that is default +self.regexp[:ABS_URI_REF]+,
    # unless +schemes+ is provided. Then it is a Regexp.union with +self.pattern[:X_ABS_URI]+.
    def make_regexp(schemes = nil)
      unless schemes
        @regexp[:ABS_URI_REF]
      else
        /(?=#{Regexp.union(*schemes)}:)#{@pattern[:X_ABS_URI]}/x
      end
    end

#
    # :call-seq:
    #   escape( str )
    #   escape( str, unsafe )
    #
    # == Args
    #
    # +str+::
    #    String to make safe
    # +unsafe+::
    #    Regexp to apply. Defaults to +self.regexp[:UNSAFE]+
    #
    # == Description
    #
    # Constructs a safe String from +str+, removing unsafe characters,
    # replacing them with codes.
    #
    def escape(str, unsafe = @regexp[:UNSAFE])
      unless unsafe.kind_of?(Regexp)
        # perhaps unsafe is String object
        unsafe = Regexp.new("[#{Regexp.quote(unsafe)}]", false)
      end
      str.gsub(unsafe) do
        us = $&
        tmp = ''
        us.each_byte do |uc|
          tmp << sprintf('%%%02X', uc)
        end
        tmp
      end.force_encoding(Encoding::US_ASCII)
    end

#
    # :call-seq:
    #   unescape( str )
    #   unescape( str, escaped )
    #
    # == Args
    #
    # +str+::
    #    String to remove escapes from
    # +escaped+::
    #    Regexp to apply. Defaults to +self.regexp[:ESCAPED]+
    #
    # == Description
    #
    # Removes escapes from +str+.
    #
    def unescape(str, escaped = @regexp[:ESCAPED])
      enc = str.encoding
      enc = Encoding::UTF_8 if enc == Encoding::US_ASCII
      str.gsub(escaped) { [$&[1, 2]].pack('H2').force_encoding(enc) }
    end

@@to_s = Kernel.instance_method(:to_s)
    if @@to_s.respond_to?(:bind_call)
      def inspect
        @@to_s.bind_call(self)
      end
    else
      def inspect
        @@to_s.bind(self).call
      end
    end

private

# Constructs the default Hash of patterns.
    def initialize_pattern(opts = {})
      ret = {}
      ret[:ESCAPED] = escaped = (opts.delete(:ESCAPED) || PATTERN::ESCAPED)
      ret[:UNRESERVED] = unreserved = opts.delete(:UNRESERVED) || PATTERN::UNRESERVED
      ret[:RESERVED] = reserved = opts.delete(:RESERVED) || PATTERN::RESERVED
      ret[:DOMLABEL] = opts.delete(:DOMLABEL) || PATTERN::DOMLABEL
      ret[:TOPLABEL] = opts.delete(:TOPLABEL) || PATTERN::TOPLABEL
      ret[:HOSTNAME] = hostname = opts.delete(:HOSTNAME)

# RFC 2396 (URI Generic Syntax)
      # RFC 2732 (IPv6 Literal Addresses in URL's)
      # RFC 2373 (IPv6 Addressing Architecture)

# uric          = reserved | unreserved | escaped
      ret[:URIC] = uric = "(?:[#{unreserved}#{reserved}]|#{escaped})"
      # uric_no_slash = unreserved | escaped | ";" | "?" | ":" | "@" |
      #                 "&" | "=" | "+" | "$" | ","
      ret[:URIC_NO_SLASH] = uric_no_slash = "(?:[#{unreserved};?:@&=+$,]|#{escaped})"
      # query         = *uric
      ret[:QUERY] = query = "#{uric}*"
      # fragment      = *uric
      ret[:FRAGMENT] = fragment = "#{uric}*"

# hostname      = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ]
      # reg-name      = *( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims ) # RFC3986
      unless hostname
        ret[:HOSTNAME] = hostname = "(?:[a-zA-Z0-9\\-.]|%\\h\\h)+"
      end

# RFC 2373, APPENDIX B:
      # IPv6address = hexpart [ ":" IPv4address ]
      # IPv4address   = 1*3DIGIT "." 1*3DIGIT "." 1*3DIGIT "." 1*3DIGIT
      # hexpart = hexseq | hexseq "::" [ hexseq ] | "::" [ hexseq ]
      # hexseq  = hex4 *( ":" hex4)
      # hex4    = 1*4HEXDIG
      #
      # XXX: This definition has a flaw. "::" + IPv4address must be
      # allowed too.  Here is a replacement.
      #
      # IPv4address = 1*3DIGIT "." 1*3DIGIT "." 1*3DIGIT "." 1*3DIGIT
      ret[:IPV4ADDR] = ipv4addr = "\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}"
      # hex4     = 1*4HEXDIG
      hex4 = "[#{PATTERN::HEX}]{1,4}"
      # lastpart = hex4 | IPv4address
      lastpart = "(?:#{hex4}|#{ipv4addr})"
      # hexseq1  = *( hex4 ":" ) hex4
      hexseq1 = "(?:#{hex4}:)*#{hex4}"
      # hexseq2  = *( hex4 ":" ) lastpart
      hexseq2 = "(?:#{hex4}:)*#{lastpart}"
      # IPv6address = hexseq2 | [ hexseq1 ] "::" [ hexseq2 ]
      ret[:IPV6ADDR] = ipv6addr = "(?:#{hexseq2}|(?:#{hexseq1})?::(?:#{hexseq2})?)"

# IPv6prefix  = ( hexseq1 | [ hexseq1 ] "::" [ hexseq1 ] ) "/" 1*2DIGIT
      # unused

# ipv6reference = "[" IPv6address "]" (RFC 2732)
      ret[:IPV6REF] = ipv6ref = "\\[#{ipv6addr}\\]"

# host          = hostname | IPv4address
      # host          = hostname | IPv4address | IPv6reference (RFC 2732)
      ret[:HOST] = host = "(?:#{hostname}|#{ipv4addr}|#{ipv6ref})"
      # port          = *digit
      ret[:PORT] = port = '\d*'
      # hostport      = host [ ":" port ]
      ret[:HOSTPORT] = hostport = "#{host}(?::#{port})?"

# userinfo      = *( unreserved | escaped |
      #                    ";" | ":" | "&" | "=" | "+" | "$" | "," )
      ret[:USERINFO] = userinfo = "(?:[#{unreserved};:&=+$,]|#{escaped})*"

# pchar         = unreserved | escaped |
      #                 ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" | "$" | ","
      pchar = "(?:[#{unreserved}:@&=+$,]|#{escaped})"
      # param         = *pchar
      param = "#{pchar}*"
      # segment       = *pchar *( ";" param )
      segment = "#{pchar}*(?:;#{param})*"
      # path_segments = segment *( "/" segment )
      ret[:PATH_SEGMENTS] = path_segments = "#{segment}(?:/#{segment})*"

# server        = [ [ userinfo "@" ] hostport ]
      server = "(?:#{userinfo}@)?#{hostport}"
      # reg_name      = 1*( unreserved | escaped | "$" | "," |
      #                     ";" | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" )
      ret[:REG_NAME] = reg_name = "(?:[#{unreserved}$,;:@&=+]|#{escaped})+"
      # authority     = server | reg_name
      authority = "(?:#{server}|#{reg_name})"

# rel_segment   = 1*( unreserved | escaped |
      #                     ";" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" | "$" | "," )
      ret[:REL_SEGMENT] = rel_segment = "(?:[#{unreserved};@&=+$,]|#{escaped})+"

# scheme        = alpha *( alpha | digit | "+" | "-" | "." )
      ret[:SCHEME] = scheme = "[#{PATTERN::ALPHA}][\\-+.#{PATTERN::ALPHA}\\d]*"

# abs_path      = "/"  path_segments
      ret[:ABS_PATH] = abs_path = "/#{path_segments}"
      # rel_path      = rel_segment [ abs_path ]
      ret[:REL_PATH] = rel_path = "#{rel_segment}(?:#{abs_path})?"
      # net_path      = "//" authority [ abs_path ]
      ret[:NET_PATH] = net_path = "//#{authority}(?:#{abs_path})?"

# hier_part     = ( net_path | abs_path ) [ "?" query ]
      ret[:HIER_PART] = hier_part = "(?:#{net_path}|#{abs_path})(?:\\?(?:#{query}))?"
      # opaque_part   = uric_no_slash *uric
      ret[:OPAQUE_PART] = opaque_part = "#{uric_no_slash}#{uric}*"

# absoluteURI   = scheme ":" ( hier_part | opaque_part )
      ret[:ABS_URI] = abs_uri = "#{scheme}:(?:#{hier_part}|#{opaque_part})"
      # relativeURI   = ( net_path | abs_path | rel_path ) [ "?" query ]
      ret[:REL_URI] = rel_uri = "(?:#{net_path}|#{abs_path}|#{rel_path})(?:\\?#{query})?"

# URI-reference = [ absoluteURI | relativeURI ] [ "#" fragment ]
      ret[:URI_REF] = "(?:#{abs_uri}|#{rel_uri})?(?:##{fragment})?"

ret[:X_ABS_URI] = "
        (#{scheme}):                           (?# 1: scheme)
        (?:
           (#{opaque_part})                    (?# 2: opaque)
        |
           (?:(?:
             //(?:
                 (?:(?:(#{userinfo})@)?        (?# 3: userinfo)
                   (?:(#{host})(?::(\\d*))?))? (?# 4: host, 5: port)
               |
                 (#{reg_name})                 (?# 6: registry)
               )
             |
             (?!//))                           (?# XXX: '//' is the mark for hostport)
             (#{abs_path})?                    (?# 7: path)
           )(?:\\?(#{query}))?                 (?# 8: query)
        )
        (?:\\#(#{fragment}))?                  (?# 9: fragment)
      "

ret[:X_REL_URI] = "
        (?:
          (?:
            //
            (?:
              (?:(#{userinfo})@)?       (?# 1: userinfo)
                (#{host})?(?::(\\d*))?  (?# 2: host, 3: port)
            |
              (#{reg_name})             (?# 4: registry)
            )
          )
        |
          (#{rel_segment})              (?# 5: rel_segment)
        )?
        (#{abs_path})?                  (?# 6: abs_path)
        (?:\\?(#{query}))?              (?# 7: query)
        (?:\\#(#{fragment}))?           (?# 8: fragment)
      "

ret
    end

# Constructs the default Hash of Regexp's.
    def initialize_regexp(pattern)
      ret = {}

# for URI::split
      ret[:ABS_URI] = Regexp.new('\A\s*+' + pattern[:X_ABS_URI] + '\s*\z', Regexp::EXTENDED)
      ret[:REL_URI] = Regexp.new('\A\s*+' + pattern[:X_REL_URI] + '\s*\z', Regexp::EXTENDED)

# for URI::extract
      ret[:URI_REF]     = Regexp.new(pattern[:URI_REF])
      ret[:ABS_URI_REF] = Regexp.new(pattern[:X_ABS_URI], Regexp::EXTENDED)
      ret[:REL_URI_REF] = Regexp.new(pattern[:X_REL_URI], Regexp::EXTENDED)

# for URI::escape/unescape
      ret[:ESCAPED] = Regexp.new(pattern[:ESCAPED])
      ret[:UNSAFE]  = Regexp.new("[^#{pattern[:UNRESERVED]}#{pattern[:RESERVED]}]")

# for Generic#initialize
      ret[:SCHEME]   = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:SCHEME]}\\z")
      ret[:USERINFO] = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:USERINFO]}\\z")
      ret[:HOST]     = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:HOST]}\\z")
      ret[:PORT]     = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:PORT]}\\z")
      ret[:OPAQUE]   = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:OPAQUE_PART]}\\z")
      ret[:REGISTRY] = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:REG_NAME]}\\z")
      ret[:ABS_PATH] = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:ABS_PATH]}\\z")
      ret[:REL_PATH] = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:REL_PATH]}\\z")
      ret[:QUERY]    = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:QUERY]}\\z")
      ret[:FRAGMENT] = Regexp.new("\\A#{pattern[:FRAGMENT]}\\z")

ret
    end

def convert_to_uri(uri)
      if uri.is_a?(URI::Generic)
        uri
      elsif uri = String.try_convert(uri)
        parse(uri)
      else
        raise ArgumentError,
          "bad argument (expected URI object or URI string)"
      end
    end

end # class Parser
end # module URI

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