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Edit File : secureio.py \| Size : 19.81 KB
# coding=utf-8 # Copyright © Cloud Linux GmbH & Cloud Linux Software, Inc 2010-2018 All Rights Reserved # # Licensed under CLOUD LINUX LICENSE AGREEMENT # http://cloudlinux.com/docs/LICENSE.TXT # This module provides functions for secure I/O and filesystem operations import grp import sys import tempfile import contextlib import os from functools import lru_cache from typing import TYPE_CHECKING from ctypes import (cdll, c_long, Structure, c_ushort, c_ubyte, c_char, POINTER, c_int, c_void_p, c_char_p) from clcommon import ClPwd from clcommon.clpwd import drop_user_privileges def __getattr__(name): # NOTE(vlebedev): Delay shared libraries loading until they are actually used. # It makes module loadable even in case those shared libraries are not available # and that is useful for e.g. unit testing on local non-CL system. if name == 'libc': return _load_libc() elif name == 'liblve': return _load_liblve() raise AttributeError(f"module {__name__} has no attribute {name}") def __dir__(): return ['libc', 'liblve', globals().keys()] # --- libc functions ----------------------------------------------- @lru_cache(maxsize=None) def _load_libc(): libc = cdll.LoadLibrary("libc.so.6") libc.fchown.argtypes = [c_int, c_int, c_int] libc.fchown.restype = c_int libc.fchmod.argtypes = [c_int, c_int] libc.fchmod.restype = c_int # accepts file/dir descriptor (integer) libc.fdopendir.argtypes = [c_int] # returns pointer to DIR structure libc.fdopendir.restype = c_void_p # accepts pointer to DIR structure libc.readdir.argtypes = [c_void_p] # returns pointer to DIRENTRY structure libc.readdir.restype = DIRENTRY_P # accepts pointer to DIR structure libc.rewinddir.argtypes = [c_void_p] # returns void libc.rewinddir.restype = None # accepts pointer to DIR structure libc.closedir.argtypes = [c_void_p] libc.closedir.restype = c_int return libc if TYPE_CHECKING: libc = _load_libc() ino_t = c_long off_t = c_long class DIRENTRY(Structure): _fields_ = [ ('d_ino', ino_t), # inode number ('d_off', off_t), # offset to the next dirent ('d_reclen', c_ushort), # length of this record ('d_type', c_ubyte), # type of file; not supported by all file system types ('d_name', c_char 256), # filename ] DIRENTRY_P = POINTER(DIRENTRY) def fchown(fd, uid, gid): return _load_libc().fchown(fd, uid, gid) def fchmod(fd, mode): return _load_libc().fchmod(fd, mode) def fdopen(fd): return _load_libc().fdopen(fd) def readdir(dirp): return _load_libc().readdir(dirp) def rewinddir(dirp): return _load_libc().rewinddir(dirp) def closedir(dirp): return _load_libc().closedir(dirp) class StubLVE: """Stub implementation of LVE functions for systems without liblve""" def open_not_symlink(self, path, parent_path): return -1 def check_dir(self, fd): return -1 def isdir(self, path, descriptor, parent_path): return -1 def set_perm_dir_secure(self, path, perm, fd, parent_path): return -1 def set_owner_dir_secure(self, path, uid, gid, fd, parent_path): return -1 def create_dir_secure(self, path, perm, uid, gid, fd, parent_path): return -1 def makedirs_secure(self, path, perm, uid, gid, parent_path): return -1 def get_path_from_descriptor(self, fd, buf): return None def is_subdir(self, dir, subdir): return 0 def enable_quota_capability(self): return 0 def disable_quota_capability(self): return 0 # --- liblve functions ----------------------------------------------- @lru_cache(maxsize=None) def _load_liblve(): """Load liblve if available, otherwise return stub implementation""" try: liblve = cdll.LoadLibrary("libsecureio.so.0") except OSError: try: liblve = cdll.LoadLibrary("liblve.so.0") except OSError: return StubLVE() # Opens path for reading not following symlinks and verifies that opened path is inside parent_path # Returns: # descriptor if successful # -1 if path does not exist or is a symlink # -2 if opened path is NOT inside parent_path or cannot be determined # accepts path, parent_path liblve.open_not_symlink.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_char_p] liblve.open_not_symlink.restype = c_int # Closes descriptor (if it is not equal -1) # accepts file/dir descriptor (integer) liblve.closefd.argtypes = [c_int] # returns void liblve.closefd.restype = None # Tries to read first directory entry in order to ensure that descriptor is valid # Returns 0 if reading succeeded or -1 if error has occured # accepts descriptor liblve.check_dir.argtypes = [c_int] liblve.check_dir.restype = c_int # Checks if path is a directory (in secure manner) # Also opens path (if descriptor fd == -1) and then checks that opened path is inside parent_path # Returns descriptor if path refers to directory # Returns -1 if path does not exist or is not a directory # Returns -2 if opened path is NOT inside parent_path or cannot be determined # accepts path, descriptor, parent_path liblve.isdir.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_int, c_char_p] liblve.isdir.restype = c_int # Sets permissions to directory (in secure manner) # Returns descriptor if successful # Returns -1 if error has occured # Returns -2 if opened path is NOT inside parent_path or cannot be determined # accepts: const char path, mode_t perm, int fd, const char parent_path liblve.set_perm_dir_secure.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_int, c_int, c_char_p] liblve.set_perm_dir_secure.restype = c_int # Sets owner and group of directory (in secure manner) # Returns descriptor if successful # Returns -1 if error has occured # Returns -2 if opened path is NOT inside parent_path or cannot be determined # accepts: const char path, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, int fd, const char parent_path liblve.set_owner_dir_secure.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_char_p] liblve.set_owner_dir_secure.restype = c_int # Creates directory if it does not exist, sets permissions/owner otherwise # Returns descriptor if successful # Returns -1 if error has occured # accepts: const char path, mode_t perm, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, int fd, const char parent_path liblve.create_dir_secure.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_char_p] liblve.create_dir_secure.restype = c_int # Recursive directory creation function # Returns 0 if successful # Returns -1 if error has occured # accepts: const char path, mode_t perm, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, const char parent_path liblve.makedirs_secure.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_char_p] liblve.makedirs_secure.restype = c_int # Writes absolute path pointed by descriptor fd to buffer buf # Returns buf if successful # Returns NULL if error has occured liblve.get_path_from_descriptor.argtypes = [c_int, c_char_p] liblve.get_path_from_descriptor.restype = c_char_p # Returns 1 if subdir is subdirectory of dir, 0 otherwise liblve.is_subdir.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_char_p] liblve.is_subdir.restype = c_int return liblve if TYPE_CHECKING: liblve = _load_liblve() def _open_not_symlink(path, parent_path): return _load_liblve().open_not_symlink(path, parent_path) def check_dir(fd): return _load_liblve().check_dir(fd) def isdir(path, descriptor, parent_path): return _load_liblve().isdir(path, descriptor, parent_path) def get_path_from_descriptor(fd, buf): return _load_liblve().get_path_from_descriptor(fd, buf) def is_subdir(dir, subdir): return _load_liblve().is_subdir(dir, subdir) # True : euid/egid == 0/0 # False : euid/egid == user/user # set by set_user_perm() and set_root_perm() functions root_flag = True LOGFILE = "/var/log/cagefs-update.log" MIN_UID = 500 SILENT_FLAG = False def open_not_symlink(path): return os.open(path, os.O_RDONLY \| os.O_NOFOLLOW) def open_file_not_symlink(path): return os.fdopen(open_not_symlink(path), 'r') def flistdir(fd): """Returns list of entries of directory pointed by descriptor""" # Duplicate descriptor, because closedir() closes descriptor associated with directory stream fd2 = os.dup(fd) # Open directory stream dirp = fdopendir(fd2) # NOQA if not dirp: raise RuntimeError("fdopendir error") # Reset position of directory stream # (so it will be possible to read content of directory multiple times # via other descriptors that refer to the directory) rewinddir(dirp) dirlist = [] while True: entryp = readdir(dirp) if not entryp: break entry = entryp.contents dirlist.append(entry.d_name) rewinddir(dirp) closedir(dirp) return dirlist def closefd(fd): if fd is not None: try: os.close(fd) except OSError: pass def set_perm_dir_secure(path, perm, parent_path, fd=None, logger=None): """Sets permissions to directory (in secure manner) Returns descriptor if successful Returns None if error has occured""" if fd is None: fd = -1 fd = _load_liblve().set_perm_dir_secure(path.encode(), perm, fd, parent_path.encode()) if fd > 0: return fd if logger is not None: logger('Error: failed to set permissions of directory ' + path, False, True) return None def set_owner_dir_secure(path, uid, gid, parent_path, fd=None, logger=None): """Sets owner and group of directory (in secure manner) Returns descriptor if successful Returns None if error has occured""" if fd is None: fd = -1 fd = _load_liblve().set_owner_dir_secure(path.encode(), uid, gid, fd, parent_path.encode()) if fd > 0: return fd if logger is not None: logger('Error: failed to set owner of directory ' + path, False, True) return None def create_dir_secure(path, perm, uid, gid, parent_path, fd=None, logger=None): """Creates directory if it does not exist, sets permissions/owner otherwise Returns descriptor if successful Returns None if error has occured""" if fd is None: fd = -1 fd = _load_liblve().create_dir_secure(path.encode(), perm, uid, gid, fd, parent_path.encode()) if fd > 0: return fd if logger is not None: logger('Error : failed to create directory ' + path, False, True) return None def makedirs_secure(path, perm, uid, gid, parent_path, logger=None): """Recursive directory creation function Returns 0 if successful Returns -1 if error has occured""" res = _load_liblve().makedirs_secure(path.encode(), perm, uid, gid, parent_path.encode()) if res and logger: logger('Error : failed to create directory ' + path, False, True) return res def read_file_secure(filename, uid=None, gid=None, exit_on_error=True, write_log=True): """read file not following symlinks""" if (uid is None and gid is not None) or (uid is not None and gid is None): raise RuntimeError("read_file_secure: uid and gid should be both null or be both not null") drop_perm = (uid is not None) and (gid is not None) if drop_perm: set_user_perm(uid, gid) try: file_object = open_file_not_symlink(filename) content = file_object.readlines() file_object.close() if drop_perm: set_root_perm() return content except (OSError, IOError) as e: if drop_perm: set_root_perm() logging('Error: failed to read ' + filename + ' : ' + str(e), SILENT_FLAG, 1, write_log) if not exit_on_error: raise sys.exit(1) def write_file_secure(content, ini_path, uid, gid, drop_perm=True, perm=0o644, write_log=True): """Returns True if error has occured""" dirpath = os.path.dirname(ini_path) if drop_perm: set_user_perm(uid, gid) fd = None temp_path = None try: fd, temp_path = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix='cagefs_', dir=dirpath) file_object = os.fdopen(fd, 'w') file_object.write(''.join(content)) if not drop_perm and uid is not None and gid is not None: if fchown(fd, uid, gid): raise OSError('fchown failed') if fchmod(fd, perm): raise OSError('fchmod failed') file_object.close() except (IOError, OSError) as e: try: file_object.close() except Exception: pass try: os.close(fd) except Exception: pass try: os.unlink(temp_path) except Exception: pass if drop_perm: set_root_perm() logging( f"Error: failed to write file {ini_path} : {str(e).replace('Errno', 'Err code')}", SILENT_FLAG, 1, write_log, ) return True except Exception as e: logging(f'Error: {str(e)}', SILENT_FLAG, 1) sys.exit(1) error = False try: os.rename(temp_path, ini_path) except OSError as e: error = True logging('Error: failed to rename tempfile to ' + ini_path + ' : ' + str(e), SILENT_FLAG, 1, write_log) try: os.unlink(temp_path) except OSError: pass if drop_perm: set_root_perm() return error def write_file_via_tempfile( content, dest_path, perm, prefix='', suffix='', as_user=None): """ Safely write string content to a file :param content: str :param dest_path: str -> path to a file :param perm: int -> permissions for the file :param prefix: str -> add to temporary file name :param suffix: str -> add to temporary file name :param as_user: str -> name of the user to drop privileges to """ if as_user is not None: old_groups = os.getgroups() drop_user_privileges(as_user, effective_or_real=True, set_env=False) dirpath = os.path.dirname(dest_path) fd, temp_path = None, None try: fd, temp_path = tempfile.mkstemp( prefix=prefix, suffix=suffix, dir=dirpath) with os.fdopen(fd, 'w', errors='surrogateescape') as f_temp: f_temp.write(content) except (IOError, OSError): if fd is None or temp_path is None: raise try: os.close(fd) except (IOError, OSError): pass try: os.unlink(temp_path) except (IOError, OSError): pass raise try: os.chmod(temp_path, perm) os.rename(temp_path, dest_path) except (OSError, IOError, TypeError): try: os.unlink(temp_path) except (OSError, IOError): pass raise if as_user is not None: ruid = os.getuid() os.seteuid(ruid) os.setegid(os.getgid()) # All of the above can be called from user named as_user if ruid == 0: os.setgroups(old_groups) def set_user_perm(uid, gid, exit=True): global root_flag try: os.setegid(gid) except (OSError,) as e: if exit: print_error('failed to set egid to ' + str(gid) + ': ' + str(e)) sys.exit(1) else: return -1 groups = get_groups(uid, gid) try: os.setgroups(groups) except (OSError,) as e: if exit: print_error('failed to set supplementary groups to :', groups, str(e)) sys.exit(1) else: return -1 try: os.seteuid(uid) except (OSError,) as e: if exit: print_error('failed to set euid to ' + str(uid) + ': ' + str(e)) sys.exit(1) else: return -1 if uid == 0: root_flag = True else: # If it's possible, switch on CAP_SYS_RESOURCE _load_liblve().enable_quota_capability() root_flag = False def set_root_perm(exit=True): global root_flag try: os.seteuid(0) except (OSError,) as e: if exit: print_error('failed to set euid to 0 :', str(e)) sys.exit(1) else: return -1 try: os.setegid(0) except (OSError,) as e: if exit: print_error('Error: failed to set egid to 0 :', str(e)) sys.exit(1) else: return -1 groups = get_groups(0, 0) try: os.setgroups(groups) except (OSError,) as e: if exit: print_error('Error: failed to set supplementary groups to :', groups, str(e)) sys.exit(1) else: return -1 root_flag = True def print_error(args): print("Error:", end=' ', file=sys.stderr) for a in args: print(a, end=' ', file=sys.stderr) print(file=sys.stderr) def get_groups(uid, gid): """Returns supplementary groups for uid""" gr = get_grp_dict() pw = get_pwd_dict() groups = set() for group in gr: members = gr[group].gr_mem for user in members: try: member_uid = pw[user].pw_uid except KeyError: continue if member_uid == uid: groups.add(gr[group].gr_gid) groups.add(gid) return list(groups) grp_dict = None def get_grp_dict(): global grp_dict if grp_dict is None: grp_dict = {} gr = grp.getgrall() for line in gr: grp_dict[line.gr_name] = line return grp_dict clpwd = ClPwd(min_uid=MIN_UID) def get_pwd_dict(): return clpwd.get_user_dict() log_file = None def logging(msg, silent=False, verbose=True, write_log=True): global log_file if not silent: if verbose: print(msg) if write_log: root_flag_saved = root_flag if not root_flag: uid, gid = get_perm() set_root_perm() try: if log_file is None: umask_saved = os.umask(0o22) # log_file is opened in "line buffered" mode log_file = open(LOGFILE, 'w', 1) # NOQA os.umask(umask_saved) log_file.write(msg) log_file.write("\n") except (OSError, IOError) as e: print_error("writing to ", LOGFILE, str(e)) sys.exit(1) if not root_flag_saved: set_user_perm(uid, gid) def get_perm(): try: uid = os.geteuid() gid = os.getegid() except (OSError,) as e: print_error('failed to get (euid,egid)', str(e)) sys.exit(1) return uid, gid def set_capability(clear=False): """ Set CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability :param bool clear: Set on if it's true, set off otherwise :return: 0 for success, -1 otherwise :rtype: int """ return _load_liblve().disable_quota_capability() if clear \ else _load_liblve().enable_quota_capability() def change_uid(uid): """ Change effective uid of current process and set CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capbality to prevent "Disk quota exceeded" error :param int euid: User ID to set it as current effective UID :return: 0 if capability was set successfuly, -1 otherwise :rtype: int """ os.seteuid(uid) return set_capability() def _set_quota_checks_status(enabled): """ Disable quota kernel check to allow us to write more than user can by quota. """ if not enabled: _load_liblve().enable_quota_capability() else: _load_liblve().disable_quota_capability() @contextlib.contextmanager def disable_quota(): _set_quota_checks_status(enabled=False) try: yield finally: _set_quota_checks_status(enabled=True) @contextlib.contextmanager def set_umask(umask_value): saved_umask = os.umask(umask_value) try: yield finally: os.umask(saved_umask) Back

Edit File : secureio.py | Size : 19.81 KB

# coding=utf-8

# Copyright © Cloud Linux GmbH & Cloud Linux Software, Inc 2010-2018 All Rights Reserved
#
# Licensed under CLOUD LINUX LICENSE AGREEMENT
# http://cloudlinux.com/docs/LICENSE.TXT

# This module provides functions for secure I/O and filesystem operations

import grp
import sys
import tempfile
import contextlib
import os
from functools import lru_cache
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
from ctypes import (cdll, c_long, Structure, c_ushort, c_ubyte, c_char, POINTER,
                    c_int, c_void_p, c_char_p)

from clcommon import ClPwd
from clcommon.clpwd import drop_user_privileges

def __getattr__(name):
    # NOTE(vlebedev): Delay shared libraries loading until they are actually used.
    #                 It makes module loadable even in case those shared libraries are not available
    #                 and that is useful for e.g. unit testing on local non-CL system.
    if name == 'libc':
        return _load_libc()
    elif name == 'liblve':
        return _load_liblve()
    raise AttributeError(f"module {__name__} has no attribute {name}")

def __dir__():
    return ['libc', 'liblve', *globals().keys()]

# --- libc functions -----------------------------------------------
@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def _load_libc():
    libc = cdll.LoadLibrary("libc.so.6")

libc.fchown.argtypes = [c_int, c_int, c_int]
    libc.fchown.restype = c_int

libc.fchmod.argtypes = [c_int, c_int]
    libc.fchmod.restype = c_int

# accepts file/dir descriptor (integer)
    libc.fdopendir.argtypes = [c_int]
    # returns pointer to DIR structure
    libc.fdopendir.restype = c_void_p

# accepts pointer to DIR structure
    libc.readdir.argtypes = [c_void_p]
    # returns pointer to DIRENTRY structure
    libc.readdir.restype = DIRENTRY_P

# accepts pointer to DIR structure
    libc.rewinddir.argtypes = [c_void_p]
    # returns void
    libc.rewinddir.restype = None

# accepts pointer to DIR structure
    libc.closedir.argtypes = [c_void_p]
    libc.closedir.restype = c_int

return libc

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    libc = _load_libc()

ino_t = c_long
off_t = c_long

class DIRENTRY(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ('d_ino', ino_t),  # inode number
        ('d_off', off_t),  # offset to the next dirent
        ('d_reclen', c_ushort),  # length of this record
        ('d_type', c_ubyte),  # type of file; not supported by all file system types
        ('d_name', c_char * 256),  # filename
    ]

DIRENTRY_P = POINTER(DIRENTRY)

def fchown(fd, uid, gid):
    return _load_libc().fchown(fd, uid, gid)

def fchmod(fd, mode):
    return _load_libc().fchmod(fd, mode)

def fdopen(fd):
    return _load_libc().fdopen(fd)

def readdir(dirp):
    return _load_libc().readdir(dirp)

def rewinddir(dirp):
    return _load_libc().rewinddir(dirp)

def closedir(dirp):
    return _load_libc().closedir(dirp)

class StubLVE:
    """Stub implementation of LVE functions for systems without liblve"""

def open_not_symlink(self, path, parent_path):
        return -1

def check_dir(self, fd):
        return -1

def isdir(self, path, descriptor, parent_path):
        return -1

def set_perm_dir_secure(self, path, perm, fd, parent_path):
        return -1

def set_owner_dir_secure(self, path, uid, gid, fd, parent_path):
        return -1

def create_dir_secure(self, path, perm, uid, gid, fd, parent_path):
        return -1

def makedirs_secure(self, path, perm, uid, gid, parent_path):
        return -1

def get_path_from_descriptor(self, fd, buf):
        return None

def is_subdir(self, dir, subdir):
        return 0

def enable_quota_capability(self):
        return 0

def disable_quota_capability(self):
        return 0

# --- liblve functions -----------------------------------------------
@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def _load_liblve():
    """Load liblve if available, otherwise return stub implementation"""
    try:
        liblve = cdll.LoadLibrary("libsecureio.so.0")
    except OSError:
        try:
            liblve = cdll.LoadLibrary("liblve.so.0")
        except OSError:
            return StubLVE()

# Opens path for reading not following symlinks and verifies that opened path is inside parent_path
    # Returns:
    # descriptor if successful
    # -1 if path does not exist or is a symlink
    # -2 if opened path is NOT inside parent_path or cannot be determined
    # accepts path, parent_path
    liblve.open_not_symlink.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_char_p]
    liblve.open_not_symlink.restype = c_int

# Closes descriptor (if it is not equal -1)
    # accepts file/dir descriptor (integer)
    liblve.closefd.argtypes = [c_int]
    # returns void
    liblve.closefd.restype = None

# Tries to read first directory entry in order to ensure that descriptor is valid
    # Returns 0 if reading succeeded or -1 if error has occured
    # accepts descriptor
    liblve.check_dir.argtypes = [c_int]
    liblve.check_dir.restype = c_int

# Checks if path is a directory (in secure manner)
    # Also opens path (if descriptor fd == -1) and then checks that opened path is inside parent_path
    # Returns descriptor if path refers to directory
    # Returns -1 if path does not exist or is not a directory
    # Returns -2 if opened path is NOT inside parent_path or cannot be determined
    # accepts path, descriptor, parent_path
    liblve.isdir.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_int, c_char_p]
    liblve.isdir.restype = c_int

# Sets permissions to directory (in secure manner)
    # Returns descriptor if successful
    # Returns -1 if error has occured
    # Returns -2 if opened path is NOT inside parent_path or cannot be determined
    # accepts: const char *path, mode_t perm, int fd, const char *parent_path
    liblve.set_perm_dir_secure.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_int, c_int, c_char_p]
    liblve.set_perm_dir_secure.restype = c_int

# Sets owner and group of directory (in secure manner)
    # Returns descriptor if successful
    # Returns -1 if error has occured
    # Returns -2 if opened path is NOT inside parent_path or cannot be determined
    # accepts: const char *path, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, int fd, const char *parent_path
    liblve.set_owner_dir_secure.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_char_p]
    liblve.set_owner_dir_secure.restype = c_int

# Creates directory if it does not exist, sets permissions/owner otherwise
    # Returns descriptor if successful
    # Returns -1 if error has occured
    # accepts: const char *path, mode_t perm, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, int fd, const char *parent_path
    liblve.create_dir_secure.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_char_p]
    liblve.create_dir_secure.restype = c_int

# Recursive directory creation function
    # Returns 0 if successful
    # Returns -1 if error has occured
    # accepts: const char *path, mode_t perm, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, const char *parent_path
    liblve.makedirs_secure.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_char_p]
    liblve.makedirs_secure.restype = c_int

# Writes absolute path pointed by descriptor fd to buffer *buf
    # Returns buf if successful
    # Returns NULL if error has occured
    liblve.get_path_from_descriptor.argtypes = [c_int, c_char_p]
    liblve.get_path_from_descriptor.restype = c_char_p

# Returns 1 if subdir is subdirectory of dir, 0 otherwise
    liblve.is_subdir.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_char_p]
    liblve.is_subdir.restype = c_int

return liblve

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    liblve = _load_liblve()

def _open_not_symlink(path, parent_path):
    return _load_liblve().open_not_symlink(path, parent_path)

def check_dir(fd):
    return _load_liblve().check_dir(fd)

def isdir(path, descriptor, parent_path):
    return _load_liblve().isdir(path, descriptor, parent_path)

def get_path_from_descriptor(fd, buf):
    return _load_liblve().get_path_from_descriptor(fd, buf)

def is_subdir(dir, subdir):
    return _load_liblve().is_subdir(dir, subdir)

# True :  euid/egid == 0/0
# False : euid/egid == user/user
# set by set_user_perm() and set_root_perm() functions
root_flag = True

LOGFILE = "/var/log/cagefs-update.log"

MIN_UID = 500

SILENT_FLAG = False

def open_not_symlink(path):
    return os.open(path, os.O_RDONLY | os.O_NOFOLLOW)

def open_file_not_symlink(path):
    return os.fdopen(open_not_symlink(path), 'r')

def flistdir(fd):
    """Returns list of entries of directory pointed by descriptor"""
    # Duplicate descriptor, because closedir() closes descriptor associated with directory stream
    fd2 = os.dup(fd)

# Open directory stream
    dirp = fdopendir(fd2)  # NOQA
    if not dirp:
        raise RuntimeError("fdopendir error")

# Reset position of directory stream
    # (so it will be possible to read content of directory multiple times
    # via other descriptors that refer to the directory)
    rewinddir(dirp)

dirlist = []
    while True:
        entryp = readdir(dirp)
        if not entryp:
            break
        entry = entryp.contents
        dirlist.append(entry.d_name)

rewinddir(dirp)
    closedir(dirp)
    return dirlist

def closefd(fd):
    if fd is not None:
        try:
            os.close(fd)
        except OSError:
            pass

def set_perm_dir_secure(path, perm, parent_path, fd=None, logger=None):
    """Sets permissions to directory (in secure manner)
    Returns descriptor if successful
    Returns None if error has occured"""
    if fd is None:
        fd = -1
    fd = _load_liblve().set_perm_dir_secure(path.encode(), perm, fd, parent_path.encode())
    if fd > 0:
        return fd
    if logger is not None:
        logger('Error: failed to set permissions of directory ' + path, False, True)
    return None

def set_owner_dir_secure(path, uid, gid, parent_path, fd=None, logger=None):
    """Sets owner and group of directory (in secure manner)
    Returns descriptor if successful
    Returns None if error has occured"""
    if fd is None:
        fd = -1
    fd = _load_liblve().set_owner_dir_secure(path.encode(), uid, gid, fd, parent_path.encode())
    if fd > 0:
        return fd
    if logger is not None:
        logger('Error: failed to set owner of directory ' + path, False, True)
    return None

def create_dir_secure(path, perm, uid, gid, parent_path, fd=None, logger=None):
    """Creates directory if it does not exist, sets permissions/owner otherwise
    Returns descriptor if successful
    Returns None if error has occured"""
    if fd is None:
        fd = -1
    fd = _load_liblve().create_dir_secure(path.encode(), perm, uid, gid, fd, parent_path.encode())
    if fd > 0:
        return fd
    if logger is not None:
        logger('Error : failed to create directory ' + path, False, True)
    return None

def makedirs_secure(path, perm, uid, gid, parent_path, logger=None):
    """Recursive directory creation function
    Returns 0 if successful
    Returns -1 if error has occured"""
    res = _load_liblve().makedirs_secure(path.encode(), perm, uid, gid, parent_path.encode())
    if res and logger:
        logger('Error : failed to create directory ' + path, False, True)
    return res

def read_file_secure(filename, uid=None, gid=None, exit_on_error=True, write_log=True):
    """read file not following symlinks"""
    if (uid is None and gid is not None) or (uid is not None and gid is None):
        raise RuntimeError("read_file_secure: uid and gid should be both null or be both not null")

drop_perm = (uid is not None) and (gid is not None)
    if drop_perm:
        set_user_perm(uid, gid)

try:
        file_object = open_file_not_symlink(filename)
        content = file_object.readlines()
        file_object.close()
        if drop_perm:
            set_root_perm()
        return content
    except (OSError, IOError) as e:
        if drop_perm:
            set_root_perm()
        logging('Error: failed to read ' + filename + ' : ' + str(e), SILENT_FLAG, 1, write_log)
        if not exit_on_error:
            raise
        sys.exit(1)

def write_file_secure(content, ini_path, uid, gid, drop_perm=True, perm=0o644, write_log=True):
    """Returns True if error has occured"""
    dirpath = os.path.dirname(ini_path)

if drop_perm:
        set_user_perm(uid, gid)

fd = None
    temp_path = None
    try:
        fd, temp_path = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix='cagefs_', dir=dirpath)
        file_object = os.fdopen(fd, 'w')
        file_object.write(''.join(content))
        if not drop_perm and uid is not None and gid is not None:
            if fchown(fd, uid, gid):
                raise OSError('fchown failed')
        if fchmod(fd, perm):
            raise OSError('fchmod failed')
        file_object.close()
    except (IOError, OSError) as e:
        try:
            file_object.close()
        except Exception:
            pass
        try:
            os.close(fd)
        except Exception:
            pass
        try:
            os.unlink(temp_path)
        except Exception:
            pass
        if drop_perm:
            set_root_perm()
        logging(
            f"Error: failed to write file {ini_path} : {str(e).replace('Errno', 'Err code')}",
            SILENT_FLAG,
            1,
            write_log,
        )
        return True
    except Exception as e:
        logging(f'Error: {str(e)}', SILENT_FLAG, 1)
        sys.exit(1)

error = False
    try:
        os.rename(temp_path, ini_path)
    except OSError as e:
        error = True
        logging('Error: failed to rename tempfile to ' + ini_path + ' : ' + str(e), SILENT_FLAG, 1, write_log)
        try:
            os.unlink(temp_path)
        except OSError:
            pass

if drop_perm:
        set_root_perm()

return error

def write_file_via_tempfile(
        content, dest_path, perm, prefix='', suffix='', as_user=None):
    """
    Safely write string content to a file
    :param content: str
    :param dest_path: str -> path to a file
    :param perm: int -> permissions for the file
    :param prefix: str -> add to temporary file name
    :param suffix: str -> add to temporary file name
    :param as_user: str -> name of the user to drop privileges to
    """
    if as_user is not None:
        old_groups = os.getgroups()
        drop_user_privileges(as_user, effective_or_real=True, set_env=False)

dirpath = os.path.dirname(dest_path)
    fd, temp_path = None, None
    try:
        fd, temp_path = tempfile.mkstemp(
                prefix=prefix, suffix=suffix, dir=dirpath)
        with os.fdopen(fd, 'w', errors='surrogateescape') as f_temp:
            f_temp.write(content)
    except (IOError, OSError):
        if fd is None or temp_path is None:
            raise
        try:
            os.close(fd)
        except (IOError, OSError):
            pass
        try:
            os.unlink(temp_path)
        except (IOError, OSError):
            pass
        raise

try:
        os.chmod(temp_path, perm)
        os.rename(temp_path, dest_path)
    except (OSError, IOError, TypeError):
        try:
            os.unlink(temp_path)
        except (OSError, IOError):
            pass
        raise

if as_user is not None:
        ruid = os.getuid()
        os.seteuid(ruid)
        os.setegid(os.getgid())
        # All of the above can be called from user named as_user
        if ruid == 0:
            os.setgroups(old_groups)

def set_user_perm(uid, gid, exit=True):
    global root_flag

try:
        os.setegid(gid)
    except (OSError,) as e:
        if exit:
            print_error('failed to set egid to ' + str(gid) + ': ' + str(e))
            sys.exit(1)
        else:
            return -1

groups = get_groups(uid, gid)
    try:
        os.setgroups(groups)
    except (OSError,) as e:
        if exit:
            print_error('failed to set supplementary groups to :', groups, str(e))
            sys.exit(1)
        else:
            return -1

try:
        os.seteuid(uid)
    except (OSError,) as e:
        if exit:
            print_error('failed to set euid to ' + str(uid) + ': ' + str(e))
            sys.exit(1)
        else:
            return -1

if uid == 0:
        root_flag = True
    else:
        # If it's possible, switch on CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
        _load_liblve().enable_quota_capability()
        root_flag = False

def set_root_perm(exit=True):
    global root_flag

try:
        os.seteuid(0)
    except (OSError,) as e:
        if exit:
            print_error('failed to set euid to 0 :', str(e))
            sys.exit(1)
        else:
            return -1

try:
        os.setegid(0)
    except (OSError,) as e:
        if exit:
            print_error('Error: failed to set egid to 0 :', str(e))
            sys.exit(1)
        else:
            return -1

groups = get_groups(0, 0)
    try:
        os.setgroups(groups)
    except (OSError,) as e:
        if exit:
            print_error('Error: failed to set supplementary groups to :', groups, str(e))
            sys.exit(1)
        else:
            return -1

root_flag = True

def print_error(*args):
    print("Error:", end=' ', file=sys.stderr)
    for a in args:
        print(a, end=' ', file=sys.stderr)
    print(file=sys.stderr)

def get_groups(uid, gid):
    """Returns supplementary groups for uid"""
    gr = get_grp_dict()
    pw = get_pwd_dict()
    groups = set()
    for group in gr:
        members = gr[group].gr_mem
        for user in members:
            try:
                member_uid = pw[user].pw_uid
            except KeyError:
                continue
            if member_uid == uid:
                groups.add(gr[group].gr_gid)
    groups.add(gid)
    return list(groups)

grp_dict = None

def get_grp_dict():
    global grp_dict
    if grp_dict is None:
        grp_dict = {}
        gr = grp.getgrall()
        for line in gr:
            grp_dict[line.gr_name] = line
    return grp_dict

clpwd = ClPwd(min_uid=MIN_UID)

def get_pwd_dict():
    return clpwd.get_user_dict()

log_file = None

def logging(msg, silent=False, verbose=True, write_log=True):
    global log_file
    if not silent:
        if verbose:
            print(msg)

if write_log:
        root_flag_saved = root_flag
        if not root_flag:
            uid, gid = get_perm()
            set_root_perm()
        try:
            if log_file is None:
                umask_saved = os.umask(0o22)
                # log_file is opened in "line buffered" mode
                log_file = open(LOGFILE, 'w', 1)  # NOQA
                os.umask(umask_saved)
            log_file.write(msg)
            log_file.write("\n")
        except (OSError, IOError) as e:
            print_error("writing to ", LOGFILE, str(e))
            sys.exit(1)
        if not root_flag_saved:
            set_user_perm(uid, gid)

def get_perm():
    try:
        uid = os.geteuid()
        gid = os.getegid()
    except (OSError,) as e:
        print_error('failed to get (euid,egid)', str(e))
        sys.exit(1)
    return uid, gid

def set_capability(clear=False):
    """
    Set CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability

:param bool clear: Set on if it's true, set off otherwise
    :return: 0 for success, -1 otherwise
    :rtype: int
    """
    return _load_liblve().disable_quota_capability() if clear \
        else _load_liblve().enable_quota_capability()

def change_uid(uid):
    """
    Change effective uid of current process and set CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capbality
    to prevent "Disk quota exceeded" error

:param int euid: User ID to set it as current effective UID
    :return: 0 if capability was set successfuly, -1 otherwise
    :rtype: int
    """
    os.seteuid(uid)
    return set_capability()

def _set_quota_checks_status(enabled):
    """
    Disable quota kernel check to allow us to write
    more than user can by quota.
    """
    if not enabled:
        _load_liblve().enable_quota_capability()
    else:
        _load_liblve().disable_quota_capability()

@contextlib.contextmanager
def disable_quota():
    _set_quota_checks_status(enabled=False)
    try:
        yield
    finally:
        _set_quota_checks_status(enabled=True)

@contextlib.contextmanager
def set_umask(umask_value):
    saved_umask = os.umask(umask_value)
    try:
        yield
    finally:
        os.umask(saved_umask)

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