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Edit File : set.rb \| Size : 19.15 KB
#-- # set.rb - defines the Set class #++ # Copyright (c) 2002-2013 Akinori MUSHA <knu@iDaemons.org> # # Documentation by Akinori MUSHA and Gavin Sinclair. # # All rights reserved. You can redistribute and/or modify it under the same # terms as Ruby. # # $Id: set.rb 47085 2014-08-06 11:28:21Z knu $ # # == Overview # # This library provides the Set class, which deals with a collection # of unordered values with no duplicates. It is a hybrid of Array's # intuitive inter-operation facilities and Hash's fast lookup. If you # need to keep values sorted in some order, use the SortedSet class. # # The method +to_set+ is added to Enumerable for convenience. # # See the Set and SortedSet documentation for examples of usage. # # Set implements a collection of unordered values with no duplicates. # This is a hybrid of Array's intuitive inter-operation facilities and # Hash's fast lookup. # # Set is easy to use with Enumerable objects (implementing +each+). # Most of the initializer methods and binary operators accept generic # Enumerable objects besides sets and arrays. An Enumerable object # can be converted to Set using the +to_set+ method. # # Set uses Hash as storage, so you must note the following points: # # * Equality of elements is determined according to Object#eql? and # Object#hash. # * Set assumes that the identity of each element does not change # while it is stored. Modifying an element of a set will render the # set to an unreliable state. # * When a string is to be stored, a frozen copy of the string is # stored instead unless the original string is already frozen. # # == Comparison # # The comparison operators <, >, <= and >= are implemented as # shorthand for the {proper_,}{subset?,superset?} methods. However, # the <=> operator is intentionally left out because not every pair of # sets is comparable. ({x,y} vs. {x,z} for example) # # == Example # # require 'set' # s1 = Set.new [1, 2] # -> #<Set: {1, 2}> # s2 = [1, 2].to_set # -> #<Set: {1, 2}> # s1 == s2 # -> true # s1.add("foo") # -> #<Set: {1, 2, "foo"}> # s1.merge([2, 6]) # -> #<Set: {1, 2, "foo", 6}> # s1.subset? s2 # -> false # s2.subset? s1 # -> true # # == Contact # # - Akinori MUSHA <knu@iDaemons.org> (current maintainer) # class Set include Enumerable # Creates a new set containing the given objects. def self.[](ary) new(ary) end # Creates a new set containing the elements of the given enumerable # object. # # If a block is given, the elements of enum are preprocessed by the # given block. def initialize(enum = nil, &block) # :yields: o @hash \|\|= Hash.new enum.nil? and return if block do_with_enum(enum) { \|o\| add(block[o]) } else merge(enum) end end def do_with_enum(enum, &block) # :nodoc: if enum.respond_to?(:each_entry) enum.each_entry(&block) if block elsif enum.respond_to?(:each) enum.each(&block) if block else raise ArgumentError, "value must be enumerable" end end private :do_with_enum # Dup internal hash. def initialize_dup(orig) super @hash = orig.instance_variable_get(:@hash).dup end # Clone internal hash. def initialize_clone(orig) super @hash = orig.instance_variable_get(:@hash).clone end def freeze # :nodoc: @hash.freeze super end def taint # :nodoc: @hash.taint super end def untaint # :nodoc: @hash.untaint super end # Returns the number of elements. def size @hash.size end alias length size # Returns true if the set contains no elements. def empty? @hash.empty? end # Removes all elements and returns self. def clear @hash.clear self end # Replaces the contents of the set with the contents of the given # enumerable object and returns self. def replace(enum) if enum.instance_of?(self.class) @hash.replace(enum.instance_variable_get(:@hash)) self else do_with_enum(enum) clear merge(enum) end end # Converts the set to an array. The order of elements is uncertain. def to_a @hash.keys end # Returns self if no arguments are given. Otherwise, converts the # set to another with klass.new(self, args, &block). # # In subclasses, returns klass.new(self, args, &block) unless # overridden. def to_set(klass = Set, args, &block) return self if instance_of?(Set) && klass == Set && block.nil? && args.empty? klass.new(self, args, &block) end def flatten_merge(set, seen = Set.new) # :nodoc: set.each { \|e\| if e.is_a?(Set) if seen.include?(e_id = e.object_id) raise ArgumentError, "tried to flatten recursive Set" end seen.add(e_id) flatten_merge(e, seen) seen.delete(e_id) else add(e) end } self end protected :flatten_merge # Returns a new set that is a copy of the set, flattening each # containing set recursively. def flatten self.class.new.flatten_merge(self) end # Equivalent to Set#flatten, but replaces the receiver with the # result in place. Returns nil if no modifications were made. def flatten! if detect { \|e\| e.is_a?(Set) } replace(flatten()) else nil end end # Returns true if the set contains the given object. def include?(o) @hash.include?(o) end alias member? include? # Returns true if the set is a superset of the given set. def superset?(set) set.is_a?(Set) or raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set" return false if size < set.size set.all? { \|o\| include?(o) } end alias >= superset? # Returns true if the set is a proper superset of the given set. def proper_superset?(set) set.is_a?(Set) or raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set" return false if size <= set.size set.all? { \|o\| include?(o) } end alias > proper_superset? # Returns true if the set is a subset of the given set. def subset?(set) set.is_a?(Set) or raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set" return false if set.size < size all? { \|o\| set.include?(o) } end alias <= subset? # Returns true if the set is a proper subset of the given set. def proper_subset?(set) set.is_a?(Set) or raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set" return false if set.size <= size all? { \|o\| set.include?(o) } end alias < proper_subset? # Returns true if the set and the given set have at least one # element in common. # # e.g.: # # require 'set' # Set[1, 2, 3].intersect? Set[4, 5] # => false # Set[1, 2, 3].intersect? Set[3, 4] # => true def intersect?(set) set.is_a?(Set) or raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set" if size < set.size any? { \|o\| set.include?(o) } else set.any? { \|o\| include?(o) } end end # Returns true if the set and the given set have no element in # common. This method is the opposite of +intersect?+. # # e.g.: # # require 'set' # Set[1, 2, 3].disjoint? Set[3, 4] # => false # Set[1, 2, 3].disjoint? Set[4, 5] # => true def disjoint?(set) !intersect?(set) end # Calls the given block once for each element in the set, passing # the element as parameter. Returns an enumerator if no block is # given. def each(&block) block or return enum_for(__method__) @hash.each_key(&block) self end # Adds the given object to the set and returns self. Use +merge+ to # add many elements at once. def add(o) @hash[o] = true self end alias << add # Adds the given object to the set and returns self. If the # object is already in the set, returns nil. def add?(o) if include?(o) nil else add(o) end end # Deletes the given object from the set and returns self. Use +subtract+ to # delete many items at once. def delete(o) @hash.delete(o) self end # Deletes the given object from the set and returns self. If the # object is not in the set, returns nil. def delete?(o) if include?(o) delete(o) else nil end end # Deletes every element of the set for which block evaluates to # true, and returns self. def delete_if block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) # @hash.delete_if should be faster, but using it breaks the order # of enumeration in subclasses. select { \|o\| yield o }.each { \|o\| @hash.delete(o) } self end # Deletes every element of the set for which block evaluates to # false, and returns self. def keep_if block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) # @hash.keep_if should be faster, but using it breaks the order of # enumeration in subclasses. reject { \|o\| yield o }.each { \|o\| @hash.delete(o) } self end # Replaces the elements with ones returned by collect(). def collect! block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) set = self.class.new each { \|o\| set << yield(o) } replace(set) end alias map! collect! # Equivalent to Set#delete_if, but returns nil if no changes were # made. def reject!(&block) block or return enum_for(__method__) n = size delete_if(&block) size == n ? nil : self end # Equivalent to Set#keep_if, but returns nil if no changes were # made. def select!(&block) block or return enum_for(__method__) n = size keep_if(&block) size == n ? nil : self end # Merges the elements of the given enumerable object to the set and # returns self. def merge(enum) if enum.instance_of?(self.class) @hash.update(enum.instance_variable_get(:@hash)) else do_with_enum(enum) { \|o\| add(o) } end self end # Deletes every element that appears in the given enumerable object # and returns self. def subtract(enum) do_with_enum(enum) { \|o\| delete(o) } self end # Returns a new set built by merging the set and the elements of the # given enumerable object. def \|(enum) dup.merge(enum) end alias + \| ## alias union \| ## # Returns a new set built by duplicating the set, removing every # element that appears in the given enumerable object. def -(enum) dup.subtract(enum) end alias difference - ## # Returns a new set containing elements common to the set and the # given enumerable object. def &(enum) n = self.class.new do_with_enum(enum) { \|o\| n.add(o) if include?(o) } n end alias intersection & ## # Returns a new set containing elements exclusive between the set # and the given enumerable object. (set ^ enum) is equivalent to # ((set \| enum) - (set & enum)). def ^(enum) n = Set.new(enum) each { \|o\| if n.include?(o) then n.delete(o) else n.add(o) end } n end # Returns true if two sets are equal. The equality of each couple # of elements is defined according to Object#eql?. def ==(other) if self.equal?(other) true elsif other.instance_of?(self.class) @hash == other.instance_variable_get(:@hash) elsif other.is_a?(Set) && self.size == other.size other.all? { \|o\| @hash.include?(o) } else false end end def hash # :nodoc: @hash.hash end def eql?(o) # :nodoc: return false unless o.is_a?(Set) @hash.eql?(o.instance_variable_get(:@hash)) end # Classifies the set by the return value of the given block and # returns a hash of {value => set of elements} pairs. The block is # called once for each element of the set, passing the element as # parameter. # # e.g.: # # require 'set' # files = Set.new(Dir.glob(".rb")) # hash = files.classify { \|f\| File.mtime(f).year } # p hash # => {2000=>#<Set: {"a.rb", "b.rb"}>, # # 2001=>#<Set: {"c.rb", "d.rb", "e.rb"}>, # # 2002=>#<Set: {"f.rb"}>} def classify # :yields: o block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) h = {} each { \|i\| x = yield(i) (h[x] \|\|= self.class.new).add(i) } h end # Divides the set into a set of subsets according to the commonality # defined by the given block. # # If the arity of the block is 2, elements o1 and o2 are in common # if block.call(o1, o2) is true. Otherwise, elements o1 and o2 are # in common if block.call(o1) == block.call(o2). # # e.g.: # # require 'set' # numbers = Set[1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11] # set = numbers.divide { \|i,j\| (i - j).abs == 1 } # p set # => #<Set: {#<Set: {1}>, # # #<Set: {11, 9, 10}>, # # #<Set: {3, 4}>, # # #<Set: {6}>}> def divide(&func) func or return enum_for(__method__) if func.arity == 2 require 'tsort' class << dig = {} # :nodoc: include TSort alias tsort_each_node each_key def tsort_each_child(node, &block) fetch(node).each(&block) end end each { \|u\| dig[u] = a = [] each{ \|v\| func.call(u, v) and a << v } } set = Set.new() dig.each_strongly_connected_component { \|css\| set.add(self.class.new(css)) } set else Set.new(classify(&func).values) end end InspectKey = :__inspect_key__ # :nodoc: # Returns a string containing a human-readable representation of the # set. ("#<Set: {element1, element2, ...}>") def inspect ids = (Thread.current[InspectKey] \|\|= []) if ids.include?(object_id) return sprintf('#<%s: {...}>', self.class.name) end begin ids << object_id return sprintf('#<%s: {%s}>', self.class, to_a.inspect[1..-2]) ensure ids.pop end end def pretty_print(pp) # :nodoc: pp.text sprintf('#<%s: {', self.class.name) pp.nest(1) { pp.seplist(self) { \|o\| pp.pp o } } pp.text "}>" end def pretty_print_cycle(pp) # :nodoc: pp.text sprintf('#<%s: {%s}>', self.class.name, empty? ? '' : '...') end end # # SortedSet implements a Set that guarantees that its elements are # yielded in sorted order (according to the return values of their # #<=> methods) when iterating over them. # # All elements that are added to a SortedSet must respond to the <=> # method for comparison. # # Also, all elements must be <em>mutually comparable</em>: <tt>el1 <=> # el2</tt> must not return <tt>nil</tt> for any elements <tt>el1</tt> # and <tt>el2</tt>, else an ArgumentError will be raised when # iterating over the SortedSet. # # == Example # # require "set" # # set = SortedSet.new([2, 1, 5, 6, 4, 5, 3, 3, 3]) # ary = [] # # set.each do \|obj\| # ary << obj # end # # p ary # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] # # set2 = SortedSet.new([1, 2, "3"]) # set2.each { \|obj\| } # => raises ArgumentError: comparison of Fixnum with String failed # class SortedSet < Set @@setup = false class << self def [](ary) # :nodoc: new(ary) end def setup # :nodoc: @@setup and return module_eval { # a hack to shut up warning alias old_init initialize } begin require 'rbtree' module_eval <<-END, __FILE__, __LINE__+1 def initialize(args) @hash = RBTree.new super end def add(o) o.respond_to?(:<=>) or raise ArgumentError, "value must respond to <=>" super end alias << add END rescue LoadError module_eval <<-END, __FILE__, __LINE__+1 def initialize(args) @keys = nil super end def clear @keys = nil super end def replace(enum) @keys = nil super end def add(o) o.respond_to?(:<=>) or raise ArgumentError, "value must respond to <=>" @keys = nil super end alias << add def delete(o) @keys = nil @hash.delete(o) self end def delete_if block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) n = @hash.size super @keys = nil if @hash.size != n self end def keep_if block_given? or return enum_for(__method__) n = @hash.size super @keys = nil if @hash.size != n self end def merge(enum) @keys = nil super end def each(&block) block or return enum_for(__method__) to_a.each(&block) self end def to_a (@keys = @hash.keys).sort! unless @keys @keys end END end module_eval { # a hack to shut up warning remove_method :old_init } @@setup = true end end def initialize(args, &block) # :nodoc: SortedSet.setup initialize(args, &block) end end module Enumerable # Makes a set from the enumerable object with given arguments. # Needs to +require "set"+ to use this method. def to_set(klass = Set, args, &block) klass.new(self, args, &block) end end # =begin # == RestricedSet class # RestricedSet implements a set with restrictions defined by a given # block. # # === Super class # Set # # === Class Methods # --- RestricedSet::new(enum = nil) { \|o\| ... } # --- RestricedSet::new(enum = nil) { \|rset, o\| ... } # Creates a new restricted set containing the elements of the given # enumerable object. Restrictions are defined by the given block. # # If the block's arity is 2, it is called with the RestrictedSet # itself and an object to see if the object is allowed to be put in # the set. # # Otherwise, the block is called with an object to see if the object # is allowed to be put in the set. # # === Instance Methods # --- restriction_proc # Returns the restriction procedure of the set. # # =end # # class RestricedSet < Set # def initialize(args, &block) # @proc = block or raise ArgumentError, "missing a block" # # if @proc.arity == 2 # instance_eval %{ # def add(o) # @hash[o] = true if @proc.call(self, o) # self # end # alias << add # # def add?(o) # if include?(o) \|\| !@proc.call(self, o) # nil # else # @hash[o] = true # self # end # end # # def replace(enum) # enum.respond_to?(:each) or raise ArgumentError, "value must be enumerable" # clear # enum.each_entry { \|o\| add(o) } # # self # end # # def merge(enum) # enum.respond_to?(:each) or raise ArgumentError, "value must be enumerable" # enum.each_entry { \|o\| add(o) } # # self # end # } # else # instance_eval %{ # def add(o) # if @proc.call(o) # @hash[o] = true # end # self # end # alias << add # # def add?(o) # if include?(o) \|\| !@proc.call(o) # nil # else # @hash[o] = true # self # end # end # } # end # # super(*args) # end # # def restriction_proc # @proc # end # end # Tests have been moved to test/test_set.rb. Back

Edit File : set.rb | Size : 19.15 KB

#--
# set.rb - defines the Set class
#++
# Copyright (c) 2002-2013 Akinori MUSHA <knu@iDaemons.org>
#
# Documentation by Akinori MUSHA and Gavin Sinclair.
#
# All rights reserved.  You can redistribute and/or modify it under the same
# terms as Ruby.
#
#   $Id: set.rb 47085 2014-08-06 11:28:21Z knu $
#
# == Overview
#
# This library provides the Set class, which deals with a collection
# of unordered values with no duplicates.  It is a hybrid of Array's
# intuitive inter-operation facilities and Hash's fast lookup.  If you
# need to keep values sorted in some order, use the SortedSet class.
#
# The method +to_set+ is added to Enumerable for convenience.
#
# See the Set and SortedSet documentation for examples of usage.

#
# Set implements a collection of unordered values with no duplicates.
# This is a hybrid of Array's intuitive inter-operation facilities and
# Hash's fast lookup.
#
# Set is easy to use with Enumerable objects (implementing +each+).
# Most of the initializer methods and binary operators accept generic
# Enumerable objects besides sets and arrays.  An Enumerable object
# can be converted to Set using the +to_set+ method.
#
# Set uses Hash as storage, so you must note the following points:
#
# * Equality of elements is determined according to Object#eql? and
#   Object#hash.
# * Set assumes that the identity of each element does not change
#   while it is stored.  Modifying an element of a set will render the
#   set to an unreliable state.
# * When a string is to be stored, a frozen copy of the string is
#   stored instead unless the original string is already frozen.
#
# == Comparison
#
# The comparison operators <, >, <= and >= are implemented as
# shorthand for the {proper_,}{subset?,superset?} methods.  However,
# the <=> operator is intentionally left out because not every pair of
# sets is comparable. ({x,y} vs. {x,z} for example)
#
# == Example
#
#   require 'set'
#   s1 = Set.new [1, 2]                   # -> #<Set: {1, 2}>
#   s2 = [1, 2].to_set                    # -> #<Set: {1, 2}>
#   s1 == s2                              # -> true
#   s1.add("foo")                         # -> #<Set: {1, 2, "foo"}>
#   s1.merge([2, 6])                      # -> #<Set: {1, 2, "foo", 6}>
#   s1.subset? s2                         # -> false
#   s2.subset? s1                         # -> true
#
# == Contact
#
#   - Akinori MUSHA <knu@iDaemons.org> (current maintainer)
#
class Set
  include Enumerable

# Creates a new set containing the given objects.
  def self.[](*ary)
    new(ary)
  end

# Creates a new set containing the elements of the given enumerable
  # object.
  #
  # If a block is given, the elements of enum are preprocessed by the
  # given block.
  def initialize(enum = nil, &block) # :yields: o
    @hash ||= Hash.new

enum.nil? and return

if block
      do_with_enum(enum) { |o| add(block[o]) }
    else
      merge(enum)
    end
  end

def do_with_enum(enum, &block) # :nodoc:
    if enum.respond_to?(:each_entry)
      enum.each_entry(&block) if block
    elsif enum.respond_to?(:each)
      enum.each(&block) if block
    else
      raise ArgumentError, "value must be enumerable"
    end
  end
  private :do_with_enum

# Dup internal hash.
  def initialize_dup(orig)
    super
    @hash = orig.instance_variable_get(:@hash).dup
  end

# Clone internal hash.
  def initialize_clone(orig)
    super
    @hash = orig.instance_variable_get(:@hash).clone
  end

def freeze    # :nodoc:
    @hash.freeze
    super
  end

def taint     # :nodoc:
    @hash.taint
    super
  end

def untaint   # :nodoc:
    @hash.untaint
    super
  end

# Returns the number of elements.
  def size
    @hash.size
  end
  alias length size

# Returns true if the set contains no elements.
  def empty?
    @hash.empty?
  end

# Removes all elements and returns self.
  def clear
    @hash.clear
    self
  end

# Replaces the contents of the set with the contents of the given
  # enumerable object and returns self.
  def replace(enum)
    if enum.instance_of?(self.class)
      @hash.replace(enum.instance_variable_get(:@hash))
      self
    else
      do_with_enum(enum)
      clear
      merge(enum)
    end
  end

# Converts the set to an array.  The order of elements is uncertain.
  def to_a
    @hash.keys
  end

# Returns self if no arguments are given.  Otherwise, converts the
  # set to another with klass.new(self, *args, &block).
  #
  # In subclasses, returns klass.new(self, *args, &block) unless
  # overridden.
  def to_set(klass = Set, *args, &block)
    return self if instance_of?(Set) && klass == Set && block.nil? && args.empty?
    klass.new(self, *args, &block)
  end

def flatten_merge(set, seen = Set.new) # :nodoc:
    set.each { |e|
      if e.is_a?(Set)
        if seen.include?(e_id = e.object_id)
          raise ArgumentError, "tried to flatten recursive Set"
        end

seen.add(e_id)
        flatten_merge(e, seen)
        seen.delete(e_id)
      else
        add(e)
      end
    }

self
  end
  protected :flatten_merge

# Returns a new set that is a copy of the set, flattening each
  # containing set recursively.
  def flatten
    self.class.new.flatten_merge(self)
  end

# Equivalent to Set#flatten, but replaces the receiver with the
  # result in place.  Returns nil if no modifications were made.
  def flatten!
    if detect { |e| e.is_a?(Set) }
      replace(flatten())
    else
      nil
    end
  end

# Returns true if the set contains the given object.
  def include?(o)
    @hash.include?(o)
  end
  alias member? include?

# Returns true if the set is a superset of the given set.
  def superset?(set)
    set.is_a?(Set) or raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set"
    return false if size < set.size
    set.all? { |o| include?(o) }
  end
  alias >= superset?

# Returns true if the set is a proper superset of the given set.
  def proper_superset?(set)
    set.is_a?(Set) or raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set"
    return false if size <= set.size
    set.all? { |o| include?(o) }
  end
  alias > proper_superset?

# Returns true if the set is a subset of the given set.
  def subset?(set)
    set.is_a?(Set) or raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set"
    return false if set.size < size
    all? { |o| set.include?(o) }
  end
  alias <= subset?

# Returns true if the set is a proper subset of the given set.
  def proper_subset?(set)
    set.is_a?(Set) or raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set"
    return false if set.size <= size
    all? { |o| set.include?(o) }
  end
  alias < proper_subset?

# Returns true if the set and the given set have at least one
  # element in common.
  #
  # e.g.:
  #
  #   require 'set'
  #   Set[1, 2, 3].intersect? Set[4, 5] # => false
  #   Set[1, 2, 3].intersect? Set[3, 4] # => true
  def intersect?(set)
    set.is_a?(Set) or raise ArgumentError, "value must be a set"
    if size < set.size
      any? { |o| set.include?(o) }
    else
      set.any? { |o| include?(o) }
    end
  end

# Returns true if the set and the given set have no element in
  # common.  This method is the opposite of +intersect?+.
  #
  # e.g.:
  #
  #   require 'set'
  #   Set[1, 2, 3].disjoint? Set[3, 4] # => false
  #   Set[1, 2, 3].disjoint? Set[4, 5] # => true

def disjoint?(set)
    !intersect?(set)
  end

# Calls the given block once for each element in the set, passing
  # the element as parameter.  Returns an enumerator if no block is
  # given.
  def each(&block)
    block or return enum_for(__method__)
    @hash.each_key(&block)
    self
  end

# Adds the given object to the set and returns self.  Use +merge+ to
  # add many elements at once.
  def add(o)
    @hash[o] = true
    self
  end
  alias << add

# Adds the given object to the set and returns self.  If the
  # object is already in the set, returns nil.
  def add?(o)
    if include?(o)
      nil
    else
      add(o)
    end
  end

# Deletes the given object from the set and returns self.  Use +subtract+ to
  # delete many items at once.
  def delete(o)
    @hash.delete(o)
    self
  end

# Deletes the given object from the set and returns self.  If the
  # object is not in the set, returns nil.
  def delete?(o)
    if include?(o)
      delete(o)
    else
      nil
    end
  end

# Deletes every element of the set for which block evaluates to
  # true, and returns self.
  def delete_if
    block_given? or return enum_for(__method__)
    # @hash.delete_if should be faster, but using it breaks the order
    # of enumeration in subclasses.
    select { |o| yield o }.each { |o| @hash.delete(o) }
    self
  end

# Deletes every element of the set for which block evaluates to
  # false, and returns self.
  def keep_if
    block_given? or return enum_for(__method__)
    # @hash.keep_if should be faster, but using it breaks the order of
    # enumeration in subclasses.
    reject { |o| yield o }.each { |o| @hash.delete(o) }
    self
  end

# Replaces the elements with ones returned by collect().
  def collect!
    block_given? or return enum_for(__method__)
    set = self.class.new
    each { |o| set << yield(o) }
    replace(set)
  end
  alias map! collect!

# Equivalent to Set#delete_if, but returns nil if no changes were
  # made.
  def reject!(&block)
    block or return enum_for(__method__)
    n = size
    delete_if(&block)
    size == n ? nil : self
  end

# Equivalent to Set#keep_if, but returns nil if no changes were
  # made.
  def select!(&block)
    block or return enum_for(__method__)
    n = size
    keep_if(&block)
    size == n ? nil : self
  end

# Merges the elements of the given enumerable object to the set and
  # returns self.
  def merge(enum)
    if enum.instance_of?(self.class)
      @hash.update(enum.instance_variable_get(:@hash))
    else
      do_with_enum(enum) { |o| add(o) }
    end

self
  end

# Deletes every element that appears in the given enumerable object
  # and returns self.
  def subtract(enum)
    do_with_enum(enum) { |o| delete(o) }
    self
  end

# Returns a new set built by merging the set and the elements of the
  # given enumerable object.
  def |(enum)
    dup.merge(enum)
  end
  alias + |             ##
  alias union |         ##

# Returns a new set built by duplicating the set, removing every
  # element that appears in the given enumerable object.
  def -(enum)
    dup.subtract(enum)
  end
  alias difference -    ##

# Returns a new set containing elements common to the set and the
  # given enumerable object.
  def &(enum)
    n = self.class.new
    do_with_enum(enum) { |o| n.add(o) if include?(o) }
    n
  end
  alias intersection &  ##

# Returns a new set containing elements exclusive between the set
  # and the given enumerable object.  (set ^ enum) is equivalent to
  # ((set | enum) - (set & enum)).
  def ^(enum)
    n = Set.new(enum)
    each { |o| if n.include?(o) then n.delete(o) else n.add(o) end }
    n
  end

# Returns true if two sets are equal.  The equality of each couple
  # of elements is defined according to Object#eql?.
  def ==(other)
    if self.equal?(other)
      true
    elsif other.instance_of?(self.class)
      @hash == other.instance_variable_get(:@hash)
    elsif other.is_a?(Set) && self.size == other.size
      other.all? { |o| @hash.include?(o) }
    else
      false
    end
  end

def hash      # :nodoc:
    @hash.hash
  end

def eql?(o)   # :nodoc:
    return false unless o.is_a?(Set)
    @hash.eql?(o.instance_variable_get(:@hash))
  end

# Classifies the set by the return value of the given block and
  # returns a hash of {value => set of elements} pairs.  The block is
  # called once for each element of the set, passing the element as
  # parameter.
  #
  # e.g.:
  #
  #   require 'set'
  #   files = Set.new(Dir.glob("*.rb"))
  #   hash = files.classify { |f| File.mtime(f).year }
  #   p hash    # => {2000=>#<Set: {"a.rb", "b.rb"}>,
  #             #     2001=>#<Set: {"c.rb", "d.rb", "e.rb"}>,
  #             #     2002=>#<Set: {"f.rb"}>}
  def classify # :yields: o
    block_given? or return enum_for(__method__)

h = {}

each { |i|
      x = yield(i)
      (h[x] ||= self.class.new).add(i)
    }

h
  end

# Divides the set into a set of subsets according to the commonality
  # defined by the given block.
  #
  # If the arity of the block is 2, elements o1 and o2 are in common
  # if block.call(o1, o2) is true.  Otherwise, elements o1 and o2 are
  # in common if block.call(o1) == block.call(o2).
  #
  # e.g.:
  #
  #   require 'set'
  #   numbers = Set[1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11]
  #   set = numbers.divide { |i,j| (i - j).abs == 1 }
  #   p set     # => #<Set: {#<Set: {1}>,
  #             #            #<Set: {11, 9, 10}>,
  #             #            #<Set: {3, 4}>,
  #             #            #<Set: {6}>}>
  def divide(&func)
    func or return enum_for(__method__)

if func.arity == 2
      require 'tsort'

class << dig = {}         # :nodoc:
        include TSort

alias tsort_each_node each_key
        def tsort_each_child(node, &block)
          fetch(node).each(&block)
        end
      end

each { |u|
        dig[u] = a = []
        each{ |v| func.call(u, v) and a << v }
      }

set = Set.new()
      dig.each_strongly_connected_component { |css|
        set.add(self.class.new(css))
      }
      set
    else
      Set.new(classify(&func).values)
    end
  end

InspectKey = :__inspect_key__         # :nodoc:

# Returns a string containing a human-readable representation of the
  # set. ("#<Set: {element1, element2, ...}>")
  def inspect
    ids = (Thread.current[InspectKey] ||= [])

if ids.include?(object_id)
      return sprintf('#<%s: {...}>', self.class.name)
    end

begin
      ids << object_id
      return sprintf('#<%s: {%s}>', self.class, to_a.inspect[1..-2])
    ensure
      ids.pop
    end
  end

def pretty_print(pp)  # :nodoc:
    pp.text sprintf('#<%s: {', self.class.name)
    pp.nest(1) {
      pp.seplist(self) { |o|
        pp.pp o
      }
    }
    pp.text "}>"
  end

def pretty_print_cycle(pp)    # :nodoc:
    pp.text sprintf('#<%s: {%s}>', self.class.name, empty? ? '' : '...')
  end
end

#
# SortedSet implements a Set that guarantees that its elements are
# yielded in sorted order (according to the return values of their
# #<=> methods) when iterating over them.
#
# All elements that are added to a SortedSet must respond to the <=>
# method for comparison.
#
# Also, all elements must be <em>mutually comparable</em>: <tt>el1 <=>
# el2</tt> must not return <tt>nil</tt> for any elements <tt>el1</tt>
# and <tt>el2</tt>, else an ArgumentError will be raised when
# iterating over the SortedSet.
#
# == Example
#
#   require "set"
#
#   set = SortedSet.new([2, 1, 5, 6, 4, 5, 3, 3, 3])
#   ary = []
#
#   set.each do |obj|
#     ary << obj
#   end
#
#   p ary # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
#
#   set2 = SortedSet.new([1, 2, "3"])
#   set2.each { |obj| } # => raises ArgumentError: comparison of Fixnum with String failed
#
class SortedSet < Set
  @@setup = false

class << self
    def [](*ary)        # :nodoc:
      new(ary)
    end

def setup   # :nodoc:
      @@setup and return

module_eval {
        # a hack to shut up warning
        alias old_init initialize
      }
      begin
        require 'rbtree'

module_eval <<-END, __FILE__, __LINE__+1
          def initialize(*args)
            @hash = RBTree.new
            super
          end

def add(o)
            o.respond_to?(:<=>) or raise ArgumentError, "value must respond to <=>"
            super
          end
          alias << add
        END
      rescue LoadError
        module_eval <<-END, __FILE__, __LINE__+1
          def initialize(*args)
            @keys = nil
            super
          end

def clear
            @keys = nil
            super
          end

def replace(enum)
            @keys = nil
            super
          end

def add(o)
            o.respond_to?(:<=>) or raise ArgumentError, "value must respond to <=>"
            @keys = nil
            super
          end
          alias << add

def delete(o)
            @keys = nil
            @hash.delete(o)
            self
          end

def delete_if
            block_given? or return enum_for(__method__)
            n = @hash.size
            super
            @keys = nil if @hash.size != n
            self
          end

def keep_if
            block_given? or return enum_for(__method__)
            n = @hash.size
            super
            @keys = nil if @hash.size != n
            self
          end

def merge(enum)
            @keys = nil
            super
          end

def each(&block)
            block or return enum_for(__method__)
            to_a.each(&block)
            self
          end

def to_a
            (@keys = @hash.keys).sort! unless @keys
            @keys
          end
        END
      end
      module_eval {
        # a hack to shut up warning
        remove_method :old_init
      }

@@setup = true
    end
  end

def initialize(*args, &block) # :nodoc:
    SortedSet.setup
    initialize(*args, &block)
  end
end

module Enumerable
  # Makes a set from the enumerable object with given arguments.
  # Needs to +require "set"+ to use this method.
  def to_set(klass = Set, *args, &block)
    klass.new(self, *args, &block)
  end
end

# =begin
# == RestricedSet class
# RestricedSet implements a set with restrictions defined by a given
# block.
#
# === Super class
#     Set
#
# === Class Methods
# --- RestricedSet::new(enum = nil) { |o| ... }
# --- RestricedSet::new(enum = nil) { |rset, o| ... }
#     Creates a new restricted set containing the elements of the given
#     enumerable object.  Restrictions are defined by the given block.
#
#     If the block's arity is 2, it is called with the RestrictedSet
#     itself and an object to see if the object is allowed to be put in
#     the set.
#
#     Otherwise, the block is called with an object to see if the object
#     is allowed to be put in the set.
#
# === Instance Methods
# --- restriction_proc
#     Returns the restriction procedure of the set.
#
# =end
#
# class RestricedSet < Set
#   def initialize(*args, &block)
#     @proc = block or raise ArgumentError, "missing a block"
#
#     if @proc.arity == 2
#       instance_eval %{
#       def add(o)
#         @hash[o] = true if @proc.call(self, o)
#         self
#       end
#       alias << add
#
#       def add?(o)
#         if include?(o) || !@proc.call(self, o)
#           nil
#         else
#           @hash[o] = true
#           self
#         end
#       end
#
#       def replace(enum)
#         enum.respond_to?(:each) or raise ArgumentError, "value must be enumerable"
#         clear
#         enum.each_entry { |o| add(o) }
#
#         self
#       end
#
#       def merge(enum)
#         enum.respond_to?(:each) or raise ArgumentError, "value must be enumerable"
#         enum.each_entry { |o| add(o) }
#
#         self
#       end
#       }
#     else
#       instance_eval %{
#       def add(o)
#         if @proc.call(o)
#           @hash[o] = true
#         end
#         self
#       end
#       alias << add
#
#       def add?(o)
#         if include?(o) || !@proc.call(o)
#           nil
#         else
#           @hash[o] = true
#           self
#         end
#       end
#       }
#     end
#
#     super(*args)
#   end
#
#   def restriction_proc
#     @proc
#   end
# end

# Tests have been moved to test/test_set.rb.

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