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Edit File : shellwords.rb \| Size : 7.09 KB
# frozen-string-literal: true ## # == Manipulates strings like the UNIX Bourne shell # # This module manipulates strings according to the word parsing rules # of the UNIX Bourne shell. # # The shellwords() function was originally a port of shellwords.pl, # but modified to conform to the Shell & Utilities volume of the IEEE # Std 1003.1-2008, 2016 Edition [1]. # # === Usage # # You can use Shellwords to parse a string into a Bourne shell friendly Array. # # require 'shellwords' # # argv = Shellwords.split('three blind "mice"') # argv #=> ["three", "blind", "mice"] # # Once you've required Shellwords, you can use the #split alias # String#shellsplit. # # argv = "see how they run".shellsplit # argv #=> ["see", "how", "they", "run"] # # They treat quotes as special characters, so an unmatched quote will # cause an ArgumentError. # # argv = "they all ran after the farmer's wife".shellsplit # #=> ArgumentError: Unmatched quote: ... # # Shellwords also provides methods that do the opposite. # Shellwords.escape, or its alias, String#shellescape, escapes # shell metacharacters in a string for use in a command line. # # filename = "special's.txt" # # system("cat -- #{filename.shellescape}") # # runs "cat -- special\\'s.txt" # # Note the '--'. Without it, cat(1) will treat the following argument # as a command line option if it starts with '-'. It is guaranteed # that Shellwords.escape converts a string to a form that a Bourne # shell will parse back to the original string, but it is the # programmer's responsibility to make sure that passing an arbitrary # argument to a command does no harm. # # Shellwords also comes with a core extension for Array, Array#shelljoin. # # dir = "Funny GIFs" # argv = %W[ls -lta -- #{dir}] # system(argv.shelljoin + " \| less") # # runs "ls -lta -- Funny\\ GIFs \| less" # # You can use this method to build a complete command line out of an # array of arguments. # # === Authors # * Wakou Aoyama # * Akinori MUSHA <knu@iDaemons.org> # # === Contact # * Akinori MUSHA <knu@iDaemons.org> (current maintainer) # # === Resources # # 1: {IEEE Std 1003.1-2008, 2016 Edition, the Shell & Utilities volume}[http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/contents.html] module Shellwords # Splits a string into an array of tokens in the same way the UNIX # Bourne shell does. # # argv = Shellwords.split('here are "two words"') # argv #=> ["here", "are", "two words"] # # Note, however, that this is not a command line parser. Shell # metacharacters except for the single and double quotes and # backslash are not treated as such. # # argv = Shellwords.split('ruby my_prog.rb \| less') # argv #=> ["ruby", "my_prog.rb", "\|", "less"] # # String#shellsplit is a shortcut for this function. # # argv = 'here are "two words"'.shellsplit # argv #=> ["here", "are", "two words"] def shellsplit(line) words = [] field = String.new line.scan(/\G\s(?>([^\s\\\'\"]+)\|'([^\'])'\|"((?:[^\"\\]\|\\.))"\|(\\.?)\|(\S))(\s\|\z)?/m) do \|word, sq, dq, esc, garbage, sep\| raise ArgumentError, "Unmatched quote: #{line.inspect}" if garbage # 2.2.3 Double-Quotes: # # The <backslash> shall retain its special meaning as an # escape character only when followed by one of the following # characters when considered special: # # $ ` " \ <newline> field << (word \|\| sq \|\| (dq && dq.gsub(/\\([$`"\\\n])/, '\\1')) \|\| esc.gsub(/\\(.)/, '\\1')) if sep words << field field = String.new end end words end alias shellwords shellsplit module_function :shellsplit, :shellwords class << self alias split shellsplit end # Escapes a string so that it can be safely used in a Bourne shell # command line. +str+ can be a non-string object that responds to # +to_s+. # # Note that a resulted string should be used unquoted and is not # intended for use in double quotes nor in single quotes. # # argv = Shellwords.escape("It's better to give than to receive") # argv #=> "It\\'s\\ better\\ to\\ give\\ than\\ to\\ receive" # # String#shellescape is a shorthand for this function. # # argv = "It's better to give than to receive".shellescape # argv #=> "It\\'s\\ better\\ to\\ give\\ than\\ to\\ receive" # # # Search files in lib for method definitions # pattern = "^[ \t]def " # open("\| grep -Ern -e #{pattern.shellescape} lib") { \|grep\| # grep.each_line { \|line\| # file, lineno, matched_line = line.split(':', 3) # # ... # } # } # # It is the caller's responsibility to encode the string in the right # encoding for the shell environment where this string is used. # # Multibyte characters are treated as multibyte characters, not as bytes. # # Returns an empty quoted String if +str+ has a length of zero. def shellescape(str) str = str.to_s # An empty argument will be skipped, so return empty quotes. return "''".dup if str.empty? str = str.dup # Treat multibyte characters as is. It is the caller's responsibility # to encode the string in the right encoding for the shell # environment. str.gsub!(/[^A-Za-z0-9_\-.,:+\/@\n]/, "\\\\\\&") # A LF cannot be escaped with a backslash because a backslash + LF # combo is regarded as a line continuation and simply ignored. str.gsub!(/\n/, "'\n'") return str end module_function :shellescape class << self alias escape shellescape end # Builds a command line string from an argument list, +array+. # # All elements are joined into a single string with fields separated by a # space, where each element is escaped for the Bourne shell and stringified # using +to_s+. # # ary = ["There's", "a", "time", "and", "place", "for", "everything"] # argv = Shellwords.join(ary) # argv #=> "There\\'s a time and place for everything" # # Array#shelljoin is a shortcut for this function. # # ary = ["Don't", "rock", "the", "boat"] # argv = ary.shelljoin # argv #=> "Don\\'t rock the boat" # # You can also mix non-string objects in the elements as allowed in Array#join. # # output = `#{['ps', '-p', $$].shelljoin}` # def shelljoin(array) array.map { \|arg\| shellescape(arg) }.join(' ') end module_function :shelljoin class << self alias join shelljoin end end class String # call-seq: # str.shellsplit => array # # Splits +str+ into an array of tokens in the same way the UNIX # Bourne shell does. # # See Shellwords.shellsplit for details. def shellsplit Shellwords.split(self) end # call-seq: # str.shellescape => string # # Escapes +str+ so that it can be safely used in a Bourne shell # command line. # # See Shellwords.shellescape for details. def shellescape Shellwords.escape(self) end end class Array # call-seq: # array.shelljoin => string # # Builds a command line string from an argument list +array+ joining # all elements escaped for the Bourne shell and separated by a space. # # See Shellwords.shelljoin for details. def shelljoin Shellwords.join(self) end end Back

Edit File : shellwords.rb | Size : 7.09 KB

# frozen-string-literal: true
##
# == Manipulates strings like the UNIX Bourne shell
#
# This module manipulates strings according to the word parsing rules
# of the UNIX Bourne shell.
#
# The shellwords() function was originally a port of shellwords.pl,
# but modified to conform to the Shell & Utilities volume of the IEEE
# Std 1003.1-2008, 2016 Edition [1].
#
# === Usage
#
# You can use Shellwords to parse a string into a Bourne shell friendly Array.
#
#   require 'shellwords'
#
#   argv = Shellwords.split('three blind "mice"')
#   argv #=> ["three", "blind", "mice"]
#
# Once you've required Shellwords, you can use the #split alias
# String#shellsplit.
#
#   argv = "see how they run".shellsplit
#   argv #=> ["see", "how", "they", "run"]
#
# They treat quotes as special characters, so an unmatched quote will
# cause an ArgumentError.
#
#   argv = "they all ran after the farmer's wife".shellsplit
#        #=> ArgumentError: Unmatched quote: ...
#
# Shellwords also provides methods that do the opposite.
# Shellwords.escape, or its alias, String#shellescape, escapes
# shell metacharacters in a string for use in a command line.
#
#   filename = "special's.txt"
#
#   system("cat -- #{filename.shellescape}")
#   # runs "cat -- special\\'s.txt"
#
# Note the '--'.  Without it, cat(1) will treat the following argument
# as a command line option if it starts with '-'.  It is guaranteed
# that Shellwords.escape converts a string to a form that a Bourne
# shell will parse back to the original string, but it is the
# programmer's responsibility to make sure that passing an arbitrary
# argument to a command does no harm.
#
# Shellwords also comes with a core extension for Array, Array#shelljoin.
#
#   dir = "Funny GIFs"
#   argv = %W[ls -lta -- #{dir}]
#   system(argv.shelljoin + " | less")
#   # runs "ls -lta -- Funny\\ GIFs | less"
#
# You can use this method to build a complete command line out of an
# array of arguments.
#
# === Authors
# * Wakou Aoyama
# * Akinori MUSHA <knu@iDaemons.org>
#
# === Contact
# * Akinori MUSHA <knu@iDaemons.org> (current maintainer)
#
# === Resources
#
# 1: {IEEE Std 1003.1-2008, 2016 Edition, the Shell & Utilities volume}[http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/contents.html]

module Shellwords
  # Splits a string into an array of tokens in the same way the UNIX
  # Bourne shell does.
  #
  #   argv = Shellwords.split('here are "two words"')
  #   argv #=> ["here", "are", "two words"]
  #
  # Note, however, that this is not a command line parser.  Shell
  # metacharacters except for the single and double quotes and
  # backslash are not treated as such.
  #
  #   argv = Shellwords.split('ruby my_prog.rb | less')
  #   argv #=> ["ruby", "my_prog.rb", "|", "less"]
  #
  # String#shellsplit is a shortcut for this function.
  #
  #   argv = 'here are "two words"'.shellsplit
  #   argv #=> ["here", "are", "two words"]
  def shellsplit(line)
    words = []
    field = String.new
    line.scan(/\G\s*(?>([^\s\\\'\"]+)|'([^\']*)'|"((?:[^\"\\]|\\.)*)"|(\\.?)|(\S))(\s|\z)?/m) do
      |word, sq, dq, esc, garbage, sep|
      raise ArgumentError, "Unmatched quote: #{line.inspect}" if garbage
      # 2.2.3 Double-Quotes:
      #
      #   The <backslash> shall retain its special meaning as an
      #   escape character only when followed by one of the following
      #   characters when considered special:
      #
      #   $ ` " \ <newline>
      field << (word || sq || (dq && dq.gsub(/\\([$`"\\\n])/, '\\1')) || esc.gsub(/\\(.)/, '\\1'))
      if sep
        words << field
        field = String.new
      end
    end
    words
  end

alias shellwords shellsplit

module_function :shellsplit, :shellwords

class << self
    alias split shellsplit
  end

# Escapes a string so that it can be safely used in a Bourne shell
  # command line.  +str+ can be a non-string object that responds to
  # +to_s+.
  #
  # Note that a resulted string should be used unquoted and is not
  # intended for use in double quotes nor in single quotes.
  #
  #   argv = Shellwords.escape("It's better to give than to receive")
  #   argv #=> "It\\'s\\ better\\ to\\ give\\ than\\ to\\ receive"
  #
  # String#shellescape is a shorthand for this function.
  #
  #   argv = "It's better to give than to receive".shellescape
  #   argv #=> "It\\'s\\ better\\ to\\ give\\ than\\ to\\ receive"
  #
  #   # Search files in lib for method definitions
  #   pattern = "^[ \t]*def "
  #   open("| grep -Ern -e #{pattern.shellescape} lib") { |grep|
  #     grep.each_line { |line|
  #       file, lineno, matched_line = line.split(':', 3)
  #       # ...
  #     }
  #   }
  #
  # It is the caller's responsibility to encode the string in the right
  # encoding for the shell environment where this string is used.
  #
  # Multibyte characters are treated as multibyte characters, not as bytes.
  #
  # Returns an empty quoted String if +str+ has a length of zero.
  def shellescape(str)
    str = str.to_s

# An empty argument will be skipped, so return empty quotes.
    return "''".dup if str.empty?

str = str.dup

# Treat multibyte characters as is.  It is the caller's responsibility
    # to encode the string in the right encoding for the shell
    # environment.
    str.gsub!(/[^A-Za-z0-9_\-.,:+\/@\n]/, "\\\\\\&")

# A LF cannot be escaped with a backslash because a backslash + LF
    # combo is regarded as a line continuation and simply ignored.
    str.gsub!(/\n/, "'\n'")

return str
  end

module_function :shellescape

class << self
    alias escape shellescape
  end

# Builds a command line string from an argument list, +array+.
  #
  # All elements are joined into a single string with fields separated by a
  # space, where each element is escaped for the Bourne shell and stringified
  # using +to_s+.
  #
  #   ary = ["There's", "a", "time", "and", "place", "for", "everything"]
  #   argv = Shellwords.join(ary)
  #   argv #=> "There\\'s a time and place for everything"
  #
  # Array#shelljoin is a shortcut for this function.
  #
  #   ary = ["Don't", "rock", "the", "boat"]
  #   argv = ary.shelljoin
  #   argv #=> "Don\\'t rock the boat"
  #
  # You can also mix non-string objects in the elements as allowed in Array#join.
  #
  #   output = `#{['ps', '-p', $$].shelljoin}`
  #
  def shelljoin(array)
    array.map { |arg| shellescape(arg) }.join(' ')
  end

module_function :shelljoin

class << self
    alias join shelljoin
  end
end

class String
  # call-seq:
  #   str.shellsplit => array
  #
  # Splits +str+ into an array of tokens in the same way the UNIX
  # Bourne shell does.
  #
  # See Shellwords.shellsplit for details.
  def shellsplit
    Shellwords.split(self)
  end

# call-seq:
  #   str.shellescape => string
  #
  # Escapes +str+ so that it can be safely used in a Bourne shell
  # command line.
  #
  # See Shellwords.shellescape for details.
  def shellescape
    Shellwords.escape(self)
  end
end

class Array
  # call-seq:
  #   array.shelljoin => string
  #
  # Builds a command line string from an argument list +array+ joining
  # all elements escaped for the Bourne shell and separated by a space.
  #
  # See Shellwords.shelljoin for details.
  def shelljoin
    Shellwords.join(self)
  end
end

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