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Edit File : support.py \| Size : 22.09 KB
# -- coding: utf-8 -- """ babel.support ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Several classes and functions that help with integrating and using Babel in applications. .. note: the code in this module is not used by Babel itself :copyright: (c) 2013-2021 by the Babel Team. :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details. """ import gettext import locale from babel.core import Locale from babel.dates import format_date, format_datetime, format_time, \ format_timedelta from babel.numbers import format_number, format_decimal, format_currency, \ format_percent, format_scientific from babel._compat import PY2, text_type, text_to_native class Format(object): """Wrapper class providing the various date and number formatting functions bound to a specific locale and time-zone. >>> from babel.util import UTC >>> from datetime import date >>> fmt = Format('en_US', UTC) >>> fmt.date(date(2007, 4, 1)) u'Apr 1, 2007' >>> fmt.decimal(1.2345) u'1.234' """ def __init__(self, locale, tzinfo=None): """Initialize the formatter. :param locale: the locale identifier or `Locale` instance :param tzinfo: the time-zone info (a `tzinfo` instance or `None`) """ self.locale = Locale.parse(locale) self.tzinfo = tzinfo def date(self, date=None, format='medium'): """Return a date formatted according to the given pattern. >>> from datetime import date >>> fmt = Format('en_US') >>> fmt.date(date(2007, 4, 1)) u'Apr 1, 2007' """ return format_date(date, format, locale=self.locale) def datetime(self, datetime=None, format='medium'): """Return a date and time formatted according to the given pattern. >>> from datetime import datetime >>> from pytz import timezone >>> fmt = Format('en_US', tzinfo=timezone('US/Eastern')) >>> fmt.datetime(datetime(2007, 4, 1, 15, 30)) u'Apr 1, 2007, 11:30:00 AM' """ return format_datetime(datetime, format, tzinfo=self.tzinfo, locale=self.locale) def time(self, time=None, format='medium'): """Return a time formatted according to the given pattern. >>> from datetime import datetime >>> from pytz import timezone >>> fmt = Format('en_US', tzinfo=timezone('US/Eastern')) >>> fmt.time(datetime(2007, 4, 1, 15, 30)) u'11:30:00 AM' """ return format_time(time, format, tzinfo=self.tzinfo, locale=self.locale) def timedelta(self, delta, granularity='second', threshold=.85, format='long', add_direction=False): """Return a time delta according to the rules of the given locale. >>> from datetime import timedelta >>> fmt = Format('en_US') >>> fmt.timedelta(timedelta(weeks=11)) u'3 months' """ return format_timedelta(delta, granularity=granularity, threshold=threshold, format=format, add_direction=add_direction, locale=self.locale) def number(self, number): """Return an integer number formatted for the locale. >>> fmt = Format('en_US') >>> fmt.number(1099) u'1,099' """ return format_number(number, locale=self.locale) def decimal(self, number, format=None): """Return a decimal number formatted for the locale. >>> fmt = Format('en_US') >>> fmt.decimal(1.2345) u'1.234' """ return format_decimal(number, format, locale=self.locale) def currency(self, number, currency): """Return a number in the given currency formatted for the locale. """ return format_currency(number, currency, locale=self.locale) def percent(self, number, format=None): """Return a number formatted as percentage for the locale. >>> fmt = Format('en_US') >>> fmt.percent(0.34) u'34%' """ return format_percent(number, format, locale=self.locale) def scientific(self, number): """Return a number formatted using scientific notation for the locale. """ return format_scientific(number, locale=self.locale) class LazyProxy(object): """Class for proxy objects that delegate to a specified function to evaluate the actual object. >>> def greeting(name='world'): ... return 'Hello, %s!' % name >>> lazy_greeting = LazyProxy(greeting, name='Joe') >>> print(lazy_greeting) Hello, Joe! >>> u' ' + lazy_greeting u' Hello, Joe!' >>> u'(%s)' % lazy_greeting u'(Hello, Joe!)' This can be used, for example, to implement lazy translation functions that delay the actual translation until the string is actually used. The rationale for such behavior is that the locale of the user may not always be available. In web applications, you only know the locale when processing a request. The proxy implementation attempts to be as complete as possible, so that the lazy objects should mostly work as expected, for example for sorting: >>> greetings = [ ... LazyProxy(greeting, 'world'), ... LazyProxy(greeting, 'Joe'), ... LazyProxy(greeting, 'universe'), ... ] >>> greetings.sort() >>> for greeting in greetings: ... print(greeting) Hello, Joe! Hello, universe! Hello, world! """ __slots__ = ['_func', '_args', '_kwargs', '_value', '_is_cache_enabled', '_attribute_error'] def __init__(self, func, args, kwargs): is_cache_enabled = kwargs.pop('enable_cache', True) # Avoid triggering our own __setattr__ implementation object.__setattr__(self, '_func', func) object.__setattr__(self, '_args', args) object.__setattr__(self, '_kwargs', kwargs) object.__setattr__(self, '_is_cache_enabled', is_cache_enabled) object.__setattr__(self, '_value', None) object.__setattr__(self, '_attribute_error', None) @property def value(self): if self._value is None: try: value = self._func(self._args, *self._kwargs) except AttributeError as error: object.__setattr__(self, '_attribute_error', error) raise if not self._is_cache_enabled: return value object.__setattr__(self, '_value', value) return self._value def __contains__(self, key): return key in self.value def __nonzero__(self): return bool(self.value) def __dir__(self): return dir(self.value) def __iter__(self): return iter(self.value) def __len__(self): return len(self.value) def __str__(self): return str(self.value) def __unicode__(self): return unicode(self.value) def __add__(self, other): return self.value + other def __radd__(self, other): return other + self.value def __mod__(self, other): return self.value % other def __rmod__(self, other): return other % self.value def __mul__(self, other): return self.value other def __rmul__(self, other): return other * self.value def __call__(self, args, kwargs): return self.value(args, *kwargs) def __lt__(self, other): return self.value < other def __le__(self, other): return self.value <= other def __eq__(self, other): return self.value == other def __ne__(self, other): return self.value != other def __gt__(self, other): return self.value > other def __ge__(self, other): return self.value >= other def __delattr__(self, name): delattr(self.value, name) def __getattr__(self, name): if self._attribute_error is not None: raise self._attribute_error return getattr(self.value, name) def __setattr__(self, name, value): setattr(self.value, name, value) def __delitem__(self, key): del self.value[key] def __getitem__(self, key): return self.value[key] def __setitem__(self, key, value): self.value[key] = value def __copy__(self): return LazyProxy( self._func, enable_cache=self._is_cache_enabled, self._args, *self._kwargs ) def __deepcopy__(self, memo): from copy import deepcopy return LazyProxy( deepcopy(self._func, memo), enable_cache=deepcopy(self._is_cache_enabled, memo), deepcopy(self._args, memo), *deepcopy(self._kwargs, memo) ) class NullTranslations(gettext.NullTranslations, object): DEFAULT_DOMAIN = None def __init__(self, fp=None): """Initialize a simple translations class which is not backed by a real catalog. Behaves similar to gettext.NullTranslations but also offers Babel's on gettext methods (e.g. 'dgettext()'). :param fp: a file-like object (ignored in this class) """ # These attributes are set by gettext.NullTranslations when a catalog # is parsed (fp != None). Ensure that they are always present because # some gettext methods (including '.gettext()') rely on the attributes. self._catalog = {} self.plural = lambda n: int(n != 1) super(NullTranslations, self).__init__(fp=fp) self.files = list(filter(None, [getattr(fp, 'name', None)])) self.domain = self.DEFAULT_DOMAIN self._domains = {} def dgettext(self, domain, message): """Like ``gettext()``, but look the message up in the specified domain. """ return self._domains.get(domain, self).gettext(message) def ldgettext(self, domain, message): """Like ``lgettext()``, but look the message up in the specified domain. """ return self._domains.get(domain, self).lgettext(message) def udgettext(self, domain, message): """Like ``ugettext()``, but look the message up in the specified domain. """ return self._domains.get(domain, self).ugettext(message) # backward compatibility with 0.9 dugettext = udgettext def dngettext(self, domain, singular, plural, num): """Like ``ngettext()``, but look the message up in the specified domain. """ return self._domains.get(domain, self).ngettext(singular, plural, num) def ldngettext(self, domain, singular, plural, num): """Like ``lngettext()``, but look the message up in the specified domain. """ return self._domains.get(domain, self).lngettext(singular, plural, num) def udngettext(self, domain, singular, plural, num): """Like ``ungettext()`` but look the message up in the specified domain. """ return self._domains.get(domain, self).ungettext(singular, plural, num) # backward compatibility with 0.9 dungettext = udngettext # Most of the downwards code, until it get's included in stdlib, from: # https://bugs.python.org/file10036/gettext-pgettext.patch # # The encoding of a msgctxt and a msgid in a .mo file is # msgctxt + "\x04" + msgid (gettext version >= 0.15) CONTEXT_ENCODING = '%s\x04%s' def pgettext(self, context, message): """Look up the `context` and `message` id in the catalog and return the corresponding message string, as an 8-bit string encoded with the catalog's charset encoding, if known. If there is no entry in the catalog for the `message` id and `context` , and a fallback has been set, the look up is forwarded to the fallback's ``pgettext()`` method. Otherwise, the `message` id is returned. """ ctxt_msg_id = self.CONTEXT_ENCODING % (context, message) missing = object() tmsg = self._catalog.get(ctxt_msg_id, missing) if tmsg is missing: if self._fallback: return self._fallback.pgettext(context, message) return message # Encode the Unicode tmsg back to an 8-bit string, if possible if self._output_charset: return text_to_native(tmsg, self._output_charset) elif self._charset: return text_to_native(tmsg, self._charset) return tmsg def lpgettext(self, context, message): """Equivalent to ``pgettext()``, but the translation is returned in the preferred system encoding, if no other encoding was explicitly set with ``bind_textdomain_codeset()``. """ ctxt_msg_id = self.CONTEXT_ENCODING % (context, message) missing = object() tmsg = self._catalog.get(ctxt_msg_id, missing) if tmsg is missing: if self._fallback: return self._fallback.lpgettext(context, message) return message if self._output_charset: return tmsg.encode(self._output_charset) return tmsg.encode(locale.getpreferredencoding()) def npgettext(self, context, singular, plural, num): """Do a plural-forms lookup of a message id. `singular` is used as the message id for purposes of lookup in the catalog, while `num` is used to determine which plural form to use. The returned message string is an 8-bit string encoded with the catalog's charset encoding, if known. If the message id for `context` is not found in the catalog, and a fallback is specified, the request is forwarded to the fallback's ``npgettext()`` method. Otherwise, when ``num`` is 1 ``singular`` is returned, and ``plural`` is returned in all other cases. """ ctxt_msg_id = self.CONTEXT_ENCODING % (context, singular) try: tmsg = self._catalog[(ctxt_msg_id, self.plural(num))] if self._output_charset: return text_to_native(tmsg, self._output_charset) elif self._charset: return text_to_native(tmsg, self._charset) return tmsg except KeyError: if self._fallback: return self._fallback.npgettext(context, singular, plural, num) if num == 1: return singular else: return plural def lnpgettext(self, context, singular, plural, num): """Equivalent to ``npgettext()``, but the translation is returned in the preferred system encoding, if no other encoding was explicitly set with ``bind_textdomain_codeset()``. """ ctxt_msg_id = self.CONTEXT_ENCODING % (context, singular) try: tmsg = self._catalog[(ctxt_msg_id, self.plural(num))] if self._output_charset: return tmsg.encode(self._output_charset) return tmsg.encode(locale.getpreferredencoding()) except KeyError: if self._fallback: return self._fallback.lnpgettext(context, singular, plural, num) if num == 1: return singular else: return plural def upgettext(self, context, message): """Look up the `context` and `message` id in the catalog and return the corresponding message string, as a Unicode string. If there is no entry in the catalog for the `message` id and `context`, and a fallback has been set, the look up is forwarded to the fallback's ``upgettext()`` method. Otherwise, the `message` id is returned. """ ctxt_message_id = self.CONTEXT_ENCODING % (context, message) missing = object() tmsg = self._catalog.get(ctxt_message_id, missing) if tmsg is missing: if self._fallback: return self._fallback.upgettext(context, message) return text_type(message) return tmsg def unpgettext(self, context, singular, plural, num): """Do a plural-forms lookup of a message id. `singular` is used as the message id for purposes of lookup in the catalog, while `num` is used to determine which plural form to use. The returned message string is a Unicode string. If the message id for `context` is not found in the catalog, and a fallback is specified, the request is forwarded to the fallback's ``unpgettext()`` method. Otherwise, when `num` is 1 `singular` is returned, and `plural` is returned in all other cases. """ ctxt_message_id = self.CONTEXT_ENCODING % (context, singular) try: tmsg = self._catalog[(ctxt_message_id, self.plural(num))] except KeyError: if self._fallback: return self._fallback.unpgettext(context, singular, plural, num) if num == 1: tmsg = text_type(singular) else: tmsg = text_type(plural) return tmsg def dpgettext(self, domain, context, message): """Like `pgettext()`, but look the message up in the specified `domain`. """ return self._domains.get(domain, self).pgettext(context, message) def udpgettext(self, domain, context, message): """Like `upgettext()`, but look the message up in the specified `domain`. """ return self._domains.get(domain, self).upgettext(context, message) # backward compatibility with 0.9 dupgettext = udpgettext def ldpgettext(self, domain, context, message): """Equivalent to ``dpgettext()``, but the translation is returned in the preferred system encoding, if no other encoding was explicitly set with ``bind_textdomain_codeset()``. """ return self._domains.get(domain, self).lpgettext(context, message) def dnpgettext(self, domain, context, singular, plural, num): """Like ``npgettext``, but look the message up in the specified `domain`. """ return self._domains.get(domain, self).npgettext(context, singular, plural, num) def udnpgettext(self, domain, context, singular, plural, num): """Like ``unpgettext``, but look the message up in the specified `domain`. """ return self._domains.get(domain, self).unpgettext(context, singular, plural, num) # backward compatibility with 0.9 dunpgettext = udnpgettext def ldnpgettext(self, domain, context, singular, plural, num): """Equivalent to ``dnpgettext()``, but the translation is returned in the preferred system encoding, if no other encoding was explicitly set with ``bind_textdomain_codeset()``. """ return self._domains.get(domain, self).lnpgettext(context, singular, plural, num) if not PY2: ugettext = gettext.NullTranslations.gettext ungettext = gettext.NullTranslations.ngettext class Translations(NullTranslations, gettext.GNUTranslations): """An extended translation catalog class.""" DEFAULT_DOMAIN = 'messages' def __init__(self, fp=None, domain=None): """Initialize the translations catalog. :param fp: the file-like object the translation should be read from :param domain: the message domain (default: 'messages') """ super(Translations, self).__init__(fp=fp) self.domain = domain or self.DEFAULT_DOMAIN if not PY2: ugettext = gettext.GNUTranslations.gettext ungettext = gettext.GNUTranslations.ngettext @classmethod def load(cls, dirname=None, locales=None, domain=None): """Load translations from the given directory. :param dirname: the directory containing the ``MO`` files :param locales: the list of locales in order of preference (items in this list can be either `Locale` objects or locale strings) :param domain: the message domain (default: 'messages') """ if locales is not None: if not isinstance(locales, (list, tuple)): locales = [locales] locales = [str(locale) for locale in locales] if not domain: domain = cls.DEFAULT_DOMAIN filename = gettext.find(domain, dirname, locales) if not filename: return NullTranslations() with open(filename, 'rb') as fp: return cls(fp=fp, domain=domain) def __repr__(self): return '<%s: "%s">' % (type(self).__name__, self._info.get('project-id-version')) def add(self, translations, merge=True): """Add the given translations to the catalog. If the domain of the translations is different than that of the current catalog, they are added as a catalog that is only accessible by the various ``dgettext`` functions. :param translations: the `Translations` instance with the messages to add :param merge: whether translations for message domains that have already been added should be merged with the existing translations """ domain = getattr(translations, 'domain', self.DEFAULT_DOMAIN) if merge and domain == self.domain: return self.merge(translations) existing = self._domains.get(domain) if merge and existing is not None: existing.merge(translations) else: translations.add_fallback(self) self._domains[domain] = translations return self def merge(self, translations): """Merge the given translations into the catalog. Message translations in the specified catalog override any messages with the same identifier in the existing catalog. :param translations: the `Translations` instance with the messages to merge """ if isinstance(translations, gettext.GNUTranslations): self._catalog.update(translations._catalog) if isinstance(translations, Translations): self.files.extend(translations.files) return self Back

Edit File : support.py | Size : 22.09 KB

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
    babel.support
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Several classes and functions that help with integrating and using Babel
    in applications.

.. note: the code in this module is not used by Babel itself

:copyright: (c) 2013-2021 by the Babel Team.
    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""

import gettext
import locale

from babel.core import Locale
from babel.dates import format_date, format_datetime, format_time, \
    format_timedelta
from babel.numbers import format_number, format_decimal, format_currency, \
    format_percent, format_scientific
from babel._compat import PY2, text_type, text_to_native

class Format(object):
    """Wrapper class providing the various date and number formatting functions
    bound to a specific locale and time-zone.

>>> from babel.util import UTC
    >>> from datetime import date
    >>> fmt = Format('en_US', UTC)
    >>> fmt.date(date(2007, 4, 1))
    u'Apr 1, 2007'
    >>> fmt.decimal(1.2345)
    u'1.234'
    """

def __init__(self, locale, tzinfo=None):
        """Initialize the formatter.

:param locale: the locale identifier or `Locale` instance
        :param tzinfo: the time-zone info (a `tzinfo` instance or `None`)
        """
        self.locale = Locale.parse(locale)
        self.tzinfo = tzinfo

def date(self, date=None, format='medium'):
        """Return a date formatted according to the given pattern.

>>> from datetime import date
        >>> fmt = Format('en_US')
        >>> fmt.date(date(2007, 4, 1))
        u'Apr 1, 2007'
        """
        return format_date(date, format, locale=self.locale)

def datetime(self, datetime=None, format='medium'):
        """Return a date and time formatted according to the given pattern.

>>> from datetime import datetime
        >>> from pytz import timezone
        >>> fmt = Format('en_US', tzinfo=timezone('US/Eastern'))
        >>> fmt.datetime(datetime(2007, 4, 1, 15, 30))
        u'Apr 1, 2007, 11:30:00 AM'
        """
        return format_datetime(datetime, format, tzinfo=self.tzinfo,
                               locale=self.locale)

def time(self, time=None, format='medium'):
        """Return a time formatted according to the given pattern.

>>> from datetime import datetime
        >>> from pytz import timezone
        >>> fmt = Format('en_US', tzinfo=timezone('US/Eastern'))
        >>> fmt.time(datetime(2007, 4, 1, 15, 30))
        u'11:30:00 AM'
        """
        return format_time(time, format, tzinfo=self.tzinfo, locale=self.locale)

def timedelta(self, delta, granularity='second', threshold=.85,
                  format='long', add_direction=False):
        """Return a time delta according to the rules of the given locale.

>>> from datetime import timedelta
        >>> fmt = Format('en_US')
        >>> fmt.timedelta(timedelta(weeks=11))
        u'3 months'
        """
        return format_timedelta(delta, granularity=granularity,
                                threshold=threshold,
                                format=format, add_direction=add_direction,
                                locale=self.locale)

def number(self, number):
        """Return an integer number formatted for the locale.

>>> fmt = Format('en_US')
        >>> fmt.number(1099)
        u'1,099'
        """
        return format_number(number, locale=self.locale)

def decimal(self, number, format=None):
        """Return a decimal number formatted for the locale.

>>> fmt = Format('en_US')
        >>> fmt.decimal(1.2345)
        u'1.234'
        """
        return format_decimal(number, format, locale=self.locale)

def currency(self, number, currency):
        """Return a number in the given currency formatted for the locale.
        """
        return format_currency(number, currency, locale=self.locale)

def percent(self, number, format=None):
        """Return a number formatted as percentage for the locale.

>>> fmt = Format('en_US')
        >>> fmt.percent(0.34)
        u'34%'
        """
        return format_percent(number, format, locale=self.locale)

def scientific(self, number):
        """Return a number formatted using scientific notation for the locale.
        """
        return format_scientific(number, locale=self.locale)

class LazyProxy(object):
    """Class for proxy objects that delegate to a specified function to evaluate
    the actual object.

>>> def greeting(name='world'):
    ...     return 'Hello, %s!' % name
    >>> lazy_greeting = LazyProxy(greeting, name='Joe')
    >>> print(lazy_greeting)
    Hello, Joe!
    >>> u'  ' + lazy_greeting
    u'  Hello, Joe!'
    >>> u'(%s)' % lazy_greeting
    u'(Hello, Joe!)'

This can be used, for example, to implement lazy translation functions that
    delay the actual translation until the string is actually used. The
    rationale for such behavior is that the locale of the user may not always
    be available. In web applications, you only know the locale when processing
    a request.

The proxy implementation attempts to be as complete as possible, so that
    the lazy objects should mostly work as expected, for example for sorting:

>>> greetings = [
    ...     LazyProxy(greeting, 'world'),
    ...     LazyProxy(greeting, 'Joe'),
    ...     LazyProxy(greeting, 'universe'),
    ... ]
    >>> greetings.sort()
    >>> for greeting in greetings:
    ...     print(greeting)
    Hello, Joe!
    Hello, universe!
    Hello, world!
    """
    __slots__ = ['_func', '_args', '_kwargs', '_value', '_is_cache_enabled', '_attribute_error']

def __init__(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
        is_cache_enabled = kwargs.pop('enable_cache', True)
        # Avoid triggering our own __setattr__ implementation
        object.__setattr__(self, '_func', func)
        object.__setattr__(self, '_args', args)
        object.__setattr__(self, '_kwargs', kwargs)
        object.__setattr__(self, '_is_cache_enabled', is_cache_enabled)
        object.__setattr__(self, '_value', None)
        object.__setattr__(self, '_attribute_error', None)

@property
    def value(self):
        if self._value is None:
            try:
                value = self._func(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
            except AttributeError as error:
                object.__setattr__(self, '_attribute_error', error)
                raise

if not self._is_cache_enabled:
                return value
            object.__setattr__(self, '_value', value)
        return self._value

def __contains__(self, key):
        return key in self.value

def __nonzero__(self):
        return bool(self.value)

def __dir__(self):
        return dir(self.value)

def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self.value)

def __len__(self):
        return len(self.value)

def __str__(self):
        return str(self.value)

def __unicode__(self):
        return unicode(self.value)

def __add__(self, other):
        return self.value + other

def __radd__(self, other):
        return other + self.value

def __mod__(self, other):
        return self.value % other

def __rmod__(self, other):
        return other % self.value

def __mul__(self, other):
        return self.value * other

def __rmul__(self, other):
        return other * self.value

def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.value(*args, **kwargs)

def __lt__(self, other):
        return self.value < other

def __le__(self, other):
        return self.value <= other

def __eq__(self, other):
        return self.value == other

def __ne__(self, other):
        return self.value != other

def __gt__(self, other):
        return self.value > other

def __ge__(self, other):
        return self.value >= other

def __delattr__(self, name):
        delattr(self.value, name)

def __getattr__(self, name):
        if self._attribute_error is not None:
            raise self._attribute_error
        return getattr(self.value, name)

def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        setattr(self.value, name, value)

def __delitem__(self, key):
        del self.value[key]

def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self.value[key]

def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        self.value[key] = value

def __copy__(self):
        return LazyProxy(
            self._func,
            enable_cache=self._is_cache_enabled,
            *self._args,
            **self._kwargs
        )

def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
        from copy import deepcopy
        return LazyProxy(
            deepcopy(self._func, memo),
            enable_cache=deepcopy(self._is_cache_enabled, memo),
            *deepcopy(self._args, memo),
            **deepcopy(self._kwargs, memo)
        )

class NullTranslations(gettext.NullTranslations, object):

DEFAULT_DOMAIN = None

def __init__(self, fp=None):
        """Initialize a simple translations class which is not backed by a
        real catalog. Behaves similar to gettext.NullTranslations but also
        offers Babel's on *gettext methods (e.g. 'dgettext()').

:param fp: a file-like object (ignored in this class)
        """
        # These attributes are set by gettext.NullTranslations when a catalog
        # is parsed (fp != None). Ensure that they are always present because
        # some *gettext methods (including '.gettext()') rely on the attributes.
        self._catalog = {}
        self.plural = lambda n: int(n != 1)
        super(NullTranslations, self).__init__(fp=fp)
        self.files = list(filter(None, [getattr(fp, 'name', None)]))
        self.domain = self.DEFAULT_DOMAIN
        self._domains = {}

def dgettext(self, domain, message):
        """Like ``gettext()``, but look the message up in the specified
        domain.
        """
        return self._domains.get(domain, self).gettext(message)

def ldgettext(self, domain, message):
        """Like ``lgettext()``, but look the message up in the specified
        domain.
        """
        return self._domains.get(domain, self).lgettext(message)

def udgettext(self, domain, message):
        """Like ``ugettext()``, but look the message up in the specified
        domain.
        """
        return self._domains.get(domain, self).ugettext(message)
    # backward compatibility with 0.9
    dugettext = udgettext

def dngettext(self, domain, singular, plural, num):
        """Like ``ngettext()``, but look the message up in the specified
        domain.
        """
        return self._domains.get(domain, self).ngettext(singular, plural, num)

def ldngettext(self, domain, singular, plural, num):
        """Like ``lngettext()``, but look the message up in the specified
        domain.
        """
        return self._domains.get(domain, self).lngettext(singular, plural, num)

def udngettext(self, domain, singular, plural, num):
        """Like ``ungettext()`` but look the message up in the specified
        domain.
        """
        return self._domains.get(domain, self).ungettext(singular, plural, num)
    # backward compatibility with 0.9
    dungettext = udngettext

# Most of the downwards code, until it get's included in stdlib, from:
    #    https://bugs.python.org/file10036/gettext-pgettext.patch
    #
    # The encoding of a msgctxt and a msgid in a .mo file is
    # msgctxt + "\x04" + msgid (gettext version >= 0.15)
    CONTEXT_ENCODING = '%s\x04%s'

def pgettext(self, context, message):
        """Look up the `context` and `message` id in the catalog and return the
        corresponding message string, as an 8-bit string encoded with the
        catalog's charset encoding, if known.  If there is no entry in the
        catalog for the `message` id and `context` , and a fallback has been
        set, the look up is forwarded to the fallback's ``pgettext()``
        method. Otherwise, the `message` id is returned.
        """
        ctxt_msg_id = self.CONTEXT_ENCODING % (context, message)
        missing = object()
        tmsg = self._catalog.get(ctxt_msg_id, missing)
        if tmsg is missing:
            if self._fallback:
                return self._fallback.pgettext(context, message)
            return message
        # Encode the Unicode tmsg back to an 8-bit string, if possible
        if self._output_charset:
            return text_to_native(tmsg, self._output_charset)
        elif self._charset:
            return text_to_native(tmsg, self._charset)
        return tmsg

def lpgettext(self, context, message):
        """Equivalent to ``pgettext()``, but the translation is returned in the
        preferred system encoding, if no other encoding was explicitly set with
        ``bind_textdomain_codeset()``.
        """
        ctxt_msg_id = self.CONTEXT_ENCODING % (context, message)
        missing = object()
        tmsg = self._catalog.get(ctxt_msg_id, missing)
        if tmsg is missing:
            if self._fallback:
                return self._fallback.lpgettext(context, message)
            return message
        if self._output_charset:
            return tmsg.encode(self._output_charset)
        return tmsg.encode(locale.getpreferredencoding())

def npgettext(self, context, singular, plural, num):
        """Do a plural-forms lookup of a message id.  `singular` is used as the
        message id for purposes of lookup in the catalog, while `num` is used to
        determine which plural form to use.  The returned message string is an
        8-bit string encoded with the catalog's charset encoding, if known.

If the message id for `context` is not found in the catalog, and a
        fallback is specified, the request is forwarded to the fallback's
        ``npgettext()`` method.  Otherwise, when ``num`` is 1 ``singular`` is
        returned, and ``plural`` is returned in all other cases.
        """
        ctxt_msg_id = self.CONTEXT_ENCODING % (context, singular)
        try:
            tmsg = self._catalog[(ctxt_msg_id, self.plural(num))]
            if self._output_charset:
                return text_to_native(tmsg, self._output_charset)
            elif self._charset:
                return text_to_native(tmsg, self._charset)
            return tmsg
        except KeyError:
            if self._fallback:
                return self._fallback.npgettext(context, singular, plural, num)
            if num == 1:
                return singular
            else:
                return plural

def lnpgettext(self, context, singular, plural, num):
        """Equivalent to ``npgettext()``, but the translation is returned in the
        preferred system encoding, if no other encoding was explicitly set with
        ``bind_textdomain_codeset()``.
        """
        ctxt_msg_id = self.CONTEXT_ENCODING % (context, singular)
        try:
            tmsg = self._catalog[(ctxt_msg_id, self.plural(num))]
            if self._output_charset:
                return tmsg.encode(self._output_charset)
            return tmsg.encode(locale.getpreferredencoding())
        except KeyError:
            if self._fallback:
                return self._fallback.lnpgettext(context, singular, plural, num)
            if num == 1:
                return singular
            else:
                return plural

def upgettext(self, context, message):
        """Look up the `context` and `message` id in the catalog and return the
        corresponding message string, as a Unicode string.  If there is no entry
        in the catalog for the `message` id and `context`, and a fallback has
        been set, the look up is forwarded to the fallback's ``upgettext()``
        method.  Otherwise, the `message` id is returned.
        """
        ctxt_message_id = self.CONTEXT_ENCODING % (context, message)
        missing = object()
        tmsg = self._catalog.get(ctxt_message_id, missing)
        if tmsg is missing:
            if self._fallback:
                return self._fallback.upgettext(context, message)
            return text_type(message)
        return tmsg

def unpgettext(self, context, singular, plural, num):
        """Do a plural-forms lookup of a message id.  `singular` is used as the
        message id for purposes of lookup in the catalog, while `num` is used to
        determine which plural form to use.  The returned message string is a
        Unicode string.

If the message id for `context` is not found in the catalog, and a
        fallback is specified, the request is forwarded to the fallback's
        ``unpgettext()`` method.  Otherwise, when `num` is 1 `singular` is
        returned, and `plural` is returned in all other cases.
        """
        ctxt_message_id = self.CONTEXT_ENCODING % (context, singular)
        try:
            tmsg = self._catalog[(ctxt_message_id, self.plural(num))]
        except KeyError:
            if self._fallback:
                return self._fallback.unpgettext(context, singular, plural, num)
            if num == 1:
                tmsg = text_type(singular)
            else:
                tmsg = text_type(plural)
        return tmsg

def dpgettext(self, domain, context, message):
        """Like `pgettext()`, but look the message up in the specified
        `domain`.
        """
        return self._domains.get(domain, self).pgettext(context, message)

def udpgettext(self, domain, context, message):
        """Like `upgettext()`, but look the message up in the specified
        `domain`.
        """
        return self._domains.get(domain, self).upgettext(context, message)
    # backward compatibility with 0.9
    dupgettext = udpgettext

def ldpgettext(self, domain, context, message):
        """Equivalent to ``dpgettext()``, but the translation is returned in the
        preferred system encoding, if no other encoding was explicitly set with
        ``bind_textdomain_codeset()``.
        """
        return self._domains.get(domain, self).lpgettext(context, message)

def dnpgettext(self, domain, context, singular, plural, num):
        """Like ``npgettext``, but look the message up in the specified
        `domain`.
        """
        return self._domains.get(domain, self).npgettext(context, singular,
                                                         plural, num)

def udnpgettext(self, domain, context, singular, plural, num):
        """Like ``unpgettext``, but look the message up in the specified
        `domain`.
        """
        return self._domains.get(domain, self).unpgettext(context, singular,
                                                          plural, num)
    # backward compatibility with 0.9
    dunpgettext = udnpgettext

def ldnpgettext(self, domain, context, singular, plural, num):
        """Equivalent to ``dnpgettext()``, but the translation is returned in
        the preferred system encoding, if no other encoding was explicitly set
        with ``bind_textdomain_codeset()``.
        """
        return self._domains.get(domain, self).lnpgettext(context, singular,
                                                          plural, num)

if not PY2:
        ugettext = gettext.NullTranslations.gettext
        ungettext = gettext.NullTranslations.ngettext

class Translations(NullTranslations, gettext.GNUTranslations):
    """An extended translation catalog class."""

DEFAULT_DOMAIN = 'messages'

def __init__(self, fp=None, domain=None):
        """Initialize the translations catalog.

:param fp: the file-like object the translation should be read from
        :param domain: the message domain (default: 'messages')
        """
        super(Translations, self).__init__(fp=fp)
        self.domain = domain or self.DEFAULT_DOMAIN

if not PY2:
        ugettext = gettext.GNUTranslations.gettext
        ungettext = gettext.GNUTranslations.ngettext

@classmethod
    def load(cls, dirname=None, locales=None, domain=None):
        """Load translations from the given directory.

:param dirname: the directory containing the ``MO`` files
        :param locales: the list of locales in order of preference (items in
                        this list can be either `Locale` objects or locale
                        strings)
        :param domain: the message domain (default: 'messages')
        """
        if locales is not None:
            if not isinstance(locales, (list, tuple)):
                locales = [locales]
            locales = [str(locale) for locale in locales]
        if not domain:
            domain = cls.DEFAULT_DOMAIN
        filename = gettext.find(domain, dirname, locales)
        if not filename:
            return NullTranslations()
        with open(filename, 'rb') as fp:
            return cls(fp=fp, domain=domain)

def __repr__(self):
        return '<%s: "%s">' % (type(self).__name__,
                               self._info.get('project-id-version'))

def add(self, translations, merge=True):
        """Add the given translations to the catalog.

If the domain of the translations is different than that of the
        current catalog, they are added as a catalog that is only accessible
        by the various ``d*gettext`` functions.

:param translations: the `Translations` instance with the messages to
                             add
        :param merge: whether translations for message domains that have
                      already been added should be merged with the existing
                      translations
        """
        domain = getattr(translations, 'domain', self.DEFAULT_DOMAIN)
        if merge and domain == self.domain:
            return self.merge(translations)

existing = self._domains.get(domain)
        if merge and existing is not None:
            existing.merge(translations)
        else:
            translations.add_fallback(self)
            self._domains[domain] = translations

return self

def merge(self, translations):
        """Merge the given translations into the catalog.

Message translations in the specified catalog override any messages
        with the same identifier in the existing catalog.

:param translations: the `Translations` instance with the messages to
                             merge
        """
        if isinstance(translations, gettext.GNUTranslations):
            self._catalog.update(translations._catalog)
            if isinstance(translations, Translations):
                self.files.extend(translations.files)

return self

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